1. The document presents information on Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It discusses how these laws can be used to analyze electrical circuits. 2. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be equal to zero. An example circuit is presented to illustrate applying this law. 3. Kirchhoff's current law states that the algebraic sum of currents entering and exiting a node in a circuit must be equal to zero. Applications and advantages of both laws are discussed.

1. ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT
CSE-132

2. PRESENTED BY-
Md. Wahid(221-15-5510)
Sadman Zahid(221-15-5472)
Mehedi Hasan(221-15-4665)
Rafiul Islam(221-15-5255)
Zarir Islam(221-15-5306)

3. Statement law of kvl (Krichhof’s voltage law):
Kirchhoff's voltage law (2nd Law) states that in any complete
loop within a circuit, the sum of all voltages across components
which supply electrical energy (such as cells or generators) must
equal the sum of all voltages across the other components in the
same loop. This law is a consequence of both charge
conservation and the conservation of energy

4. Let us start at the minus(−)terminal of the battery, and label the potential (or voltage) of
this point 0V. We go around the circuit in the direction of the arrow, which is the
direction in which we think current will flow. On passing the battery, the potential
increases by 6V to 6V. We then lose 4V on passing the 2Ω resistor to give a new
potential of 2V. Finally, the potential drops by 2V in the 1Ω resistor back to zero
again.Now, As per Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law we can write that,
-6V+4V+2V=0

5. KVL Circuit
Applications of Kirchhoff’s Laws
● They can be used to analyze any electrical circuit.
● Computation of current and voltage of complex circuits.
● The Wheatstone bridge is an essential application of Kirchhoff’s laws. It
is also used in mesh and node analysis.
● After that Kirchhoff Voltage law is applied, each possible loop in the
circuit generates algebraic equation for every loop.

6. Advantages of Kirchhoff’s Laws
The advantages are:
● Calculation of unknown currents and voltages is easy.
● Simplification and analysis of complex closed loop circuits becomes
manageable.
Limitations of Kirchhoff’s Laws
The limitation of Kirchhoff’s both laws is that it works under the
assumption that there is no fluctuating magnetic field in the closed loop.
Electric fields and emf could be induced which causes the Kirchhoff’s
loop rule to break in presence of a variable magnetic field.we cannot
apply KVL when the magnetic field varies within a circuit..

7. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
STATEME
NT:
Kirchhoff's Current Law, often shortened to KCL, states that “The
algebraic sum of all currents entering and exiting a node must equal
zero.” This law is used to describe how a charge enters and leaves a
wire junction point or node on a wire.
It means,KCL is the sum of the currents
entering a node is equal to the sum of
the currents leaving the node

8. Generic mathemaical term:
I1+I2=I3
I3

9. Applications of Kirchhoff’s current Law:
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) is based on conservation of charge.
KCL states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a
closed boundary) is zero.
Mathematically, KCL implies that,
where N = the number of branches connected to the node
and = the nth current entering (or leaving) the node.

10. Advantage of Kirchhoff’s Current Laws:
● Kirchhoff’s Current Law can easily calculate unknown currents.
● The analysis and simplification of complex closed-loop circuits
become manageable.
Limitation
● It cannot be used in the presence of a fluctuating
magnetic field.