Tato prezentace je jen malá součást celého kurzu. Kurz obsahuje videa, ukázkové příklady, testy a lektora „na příjmu“, aby Vám poradil. Více na linux.studujkdychces.cz
Jakou si vybrat distribuci
Instalace linuxu v cloudu či na virtuálním stroji
Souborový systém a struktura adresářů
BASH a pohyb v příkazové řádce
Práce s texttovými soubory
Připojení stroje k síti
Naplánované úlohy čili cron
Zabezpečení: uživatelé a oprávnění a procesy
Instalace software
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
1. Kurz Linux 1
Studujkdychces.cz
Online škola
Tato prezentace je jen malá součást celého kurzu. Kurz obsahuje videa, ukázkové příklady,
testy a lektora „na příjmu“, aby Vám poradil. Více na linux.studujkdychces.cz
2. Obsah kurzu
• Jakou si vybrat distribuci
• Instalace linuxu v cloudu či na virtuálním stroji
• Souborový systém a struktura adresářů
• BASH a pohyb v příkazové řádce
• Práce s txt soubory
• Připojení stroje k síti
• Naplánované úlohy čili cron
• Zabezpečení: uživatelé a oprávnění a procesy
• Instalace software
3. Malé video z našeho kurzu na ukázku
Více najdete na našem YT kanále nebo v nabídce našich kurzů.
4. Souborový systém na Linuxu
• V této prezentaci se seznámíte s:
– relativní a absolutní adresací nejen souborů,
– co je a jak funguje souborový systém,
– jak se ukládají soubory, adresáře,
– co jsou odkazy (hard, softlink),
– Souvislost mezi uživateli, soubory a oprávněním,
tedy s jedním prvkem bezpečnosti na linux.
5. Relativní a absolutní adresace
/home
jena
soubor1
soubor2
lenka soubor3
zdena
soubor4
adr1 soubor5
6. Rozložení dat na disku
Zavaděč OS,
tabulka rozdělení
disku
Superblok
Informace o FS
Tabulka s i-uzly Datové záznamy
• Souborový systém organizuje data na disku, vytváří hierarchii
adresářů, jsou v něm uložená oprávnění k objektům.
• Disk lze rozdělit do několik oddílů.
• Adresář je jen záznam (tabulka) se seznamem objetků v něm.
• Objekty: soubory, adresáře, linky.
7. Jak funguje souborý systém
Číslo
i-uzlu
Typ obj. a
práva
Počet odkazů
na objekt
Vlastník
(uživ/skupina)
Velikost bloku se
záznamy v soub. systému
Datum
a čas založení
Jméno
objektu
548821 drwxr-xr-x 5 . 4096 Aug 23 20:34 .
530724 drwxr-xr-x 14 .. 4096 Aug 23 20:34 ..
548822 drwxr-xr-x 2 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:36 jena
548824 drwxr-xr-x 2 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:36 lenka
548823 drwxr-xr-x 3 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:37 zdena
....
I –uzly (i-nodes)
# ls -ild *
548821 drwxr-xr-x 5 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:34 .
530724 drwxr-xr-x 14 studujkdychces1985 studujkdychces1985 4096 Aug 23 20:34 ..
548822 drwxr-xr-x 2 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:36 jena
548824 drwxr-xr-x 2 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:36 lenka
548823 drwxr-xr-x 3 lm lm 4096 Aug 23 20:37 zdena
8. Jak funguje souborý systém
Číslo
i-uzlu
Typ obj. a
práva
Vlastník
(uživ/skupina)
Datum
a čas založení
Jméno
objekt
u
Adresa
datové
ho
bloku
548821 drwxr-xr-x . Aug 23 20:34 .
530724 drwxr-xr-x .. Aug 23 20:34 ..
548822 drwxr-xr-x lm lm Aug 23 20:36 jena 333
548824 drwxr-xr-x lm lm Aug 23 20:36 lenka 666
548823 drwxr-xr-x lm lm Aug 23 20:37 zdena 676
...
I –uzly (i-nodes)
# ls –l jena
-rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor1
-rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
# ls -idls jena/soubor1
5488254 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 jena/soubor1
# cd jena
# mkdir adr2
# ls –l
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 14:22 adr2
-rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor1
-rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
Jméno
objektu
Číslo
i-uzlu
. 548821
.. 530724
soubor1 548825
adr2 548843
333
/home/jena
root@/home/jena# ls -dli *
548843 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 14:22 adr2
548825 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor1
548826 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
9. Hardlink I.
Typ obj. a práva Počet odkazů na objekt Jméno
objektu
Adresa
datového
bloku
drwxr-xr-x 3 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 6 ..
drwxr-xr-x 6 2 adr2
-rw-r--r-- 2 2 file1
-rw-r--r-- 2 2 soubor1
...
I –uzly (i-nodes)
# ln soubor1 file1 - vytvořím pevný link na soubor1
# ls –al
drwxr-xr-x 3 lm lm 4096 Aug 25 14:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 lm lm 4096 Aug 25 14:20 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 14:22 adr2
-rw-r--r-- 2 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 file1
-rw-r--r-- 2 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor1
-rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
# cat soubor1
ollee – obsah souboru soubor1
# cat file1
ollee – obsah souboru file1
soubor1
ollee
file1
ollee
Pevný link vede na původní datový
záznam a do i-node tabulky se přidá
jen nový název, ale oba okazují na
stejný datový záznam.
# ls -lid *
548825 -rw-r--r-- 2 lm lm 6 Aug 25 14:36 file1
548825 -rw-r--r-- 2 lm lm 6 Aug 25 14:36 s2
10. Hardlink II.
Typ obj. a práva Počet odkazů na objekt Jméno
objektu
Adresa
datového
bloku
drwxr-xr-x 3 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 6 ..
drwxr-xr-x 6 2 adr2
-rw-r--r-- 2 2 file1
-rw-r--r-- 2 1 soubor1
...
I –uzly (i-nodes)
# ln soubor1 file1 - vytvořím pevný link na soubor1
# rm soubor1
ollee – obsah souboru soubor1
# ls -lid *
548843 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 14:22 adr2
548825 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 6 Aug 25 14:36 file1
548826 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
soubor1
ollee
file1
ollee
Po vymazání soubor1 vede na původní
datový záznam ještě jeden i-node
záznam. Pokud smažem i file1, bere se
odkazovaný datový záznam jako volný.
11. Symlink I.
Počet odkazů na objekt Jméno
objektu
Adresa
datového
bloku
3 .
6 ..
548718 1 sym1
548825 1 file1
...
I –uzly (i-nodes)
file1
ollee
Symbolický link vede na i-node
záznam.
Pokud smažeme původní datový
záznam, tak link zůstane, ale vede na
neexistující objekt.
# ln -s file1 sym1
# ls -lid *
548843 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 14:22 adr2
548825 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 6 Aug 25 14:36 file1
548826 -rw-r--r-- 1 lm lm 1 Aug 23 20:36 soubor2
548718 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Aug 25 15:04 sym1 -> file1
I –uzly (i-nodes)
Typ obj. a práva Jméno
objektu
.
..
548718 sym1
548825 file1
-rw-r--r-- 2 soubor1
12. Shrnutí
• Adresář je jen záznam od objekt v něm.
• Pevný odkaz (hardlink) další cesta ke stejnému
datovému záznamu.
• Pevný odkaz nevytvoříte na adresář.
• Symbolický odkaz je „zástupce“ vedoucí
dalšímu i-node záznamu.
13. Správa uživatelů
• Seznam uživatelů:
– /etc/passwd (hesla jsou v /etc/shadow)
• Seznam skupin
– /etc/group
14. Správa uživatelů
• Adduser (useradd)
• addgroup
• Passwd
• gpasswd -a user group # přidá usera do skupiny
group gpasswd -d user group # odebere usera ze
skupiny group
• Su
• usermod –aG sudo newuser
• https://linux.die.net/man/8/usermod
15. Oprávnění souborů a adresářů
Vlastník (owner) Skupina (group) Ostatní (others)
Read Write eXecute R W X R W X
Binárně 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Desítkově 6 4 4
# ls -al
# nano script.sh
# chown
# chmod
# ./skript.sh
• Změnit práva k souboru
může jen vlastník nebo
root
• X u adresářů znamená, že
se neukazuje ve
vyhledávání
