Studies in the 1960s on the effects of sun exposure and tanning beds led to the rise in popularity of self-tanning and sunless tanning methods. These allow people to darken their skin through safe products rather than unsafe UV exposure. Carotenoid products are most effective as they contain beta-carotene which tans the skin through deposition and is both natural and permanent. Special pills can also be taken to change skin tone through beta-carotene but may have side effects if taken excessively. Other products use ingredients like dihydroxyacetone or canthaxanthin which is typically used to produce color additives and deposits under the skin for a tan effect. However, these options do