The document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
1) It describes five levels of ecological organization from the biosphere level down to the individual organism level.
2) It explains the interdependence between organisms and their environment and how ecological models are used to study these relationships.
3) It discusses important ecological concepts such as producers, consumers, trophic levels, biogeochemical cycles, and energy flow through ecosystems.
The document discusses ecology, ecosystems, and environmental concepts. It defines ecology as the study of organisms and their environment. There are different types of ecology like autecology and synecology. An ecosystem is comprised of biotic and abiotic components that interact and exchange energy and matter. The biotic components include producers, consumers, and decomposers. The abiotic components include climatic, physical, chemical, and medium factors. Various ecosystems are described like forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Their biotic and abiotic components and examples of organisms are provided. Environmental issues like waste management, pollution, and their impacts are also summarized.
Pengaruh kegiatan manusia terhadap keseimbangan lingkunganMn Hidayat
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ekosistem dan bagaimana aktivitas manusia dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem. Aktivitas seperti penebangan hutan secara liar, penggunaan bahan kimia berlebihan dalam pertanian dan industri, serta pembuangan limbah dapat merusak ekosistem. Dokumen juga menjelaskan bagian-bagian tumbuhan dan hewan yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh manusia.
Speaker: John Ikerd, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri Columbia
Author and speaker on the topic of sustainable agriculture with an emphasis on the economics of sustainabilty.
BS, MS, PhD Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri
Worked in Extension Agricultural Economics positions at North Carolina State University, 1970-76 and Oklahoma State University, 1976-84 and was Head of Extension Agricultural Economics, University of Georgia, 1984-89.
Returned to the University of Missouri 1989, under a cooperative agreement with U.S.D.A, to provide state and national leadership for research and education programs related to sustainable agriculture.
National Sustainable Agriculture Projects with USDA SARE Program
1988-91: Farm Decision Supports Systems for Sustainable Agriculture (PLANETOR)
1991-93: Sustainable Agriculture Education Council (SA Professional Development Program)
1992-94: Addressing the Quality of Life Dimension of Sustainable Agriculture
1993-95: Regional Liaison-South and Northeast- SA Professional Development Program
1994-99: State Co-coordinator of SA Professional Development Program for Missouri
Ecology is the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. Key components of ecology include producers, consumers, decomposers and the biosphere. Ecology studies different levels of organization from populations and communities to ecosystems and the biosphere. Human activities directly and indirectly impact ecology through land use changes, agriculture, construction, pollution and more. Governments are taking actions to promote more environmentally friendly practices and mitigate human impacts on the environment.
The document discusses various topics in ecology including ecosystems, ecological succession, food chains, food webs, and different types of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic ecosystems. It provides information on key concepts such as how ecosystems are defined, the process of ecological succession, how energy passes between producers and consumers in food chains and webs, and examples of different forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystems. In the end, it emphasizes man's responsibility to conserve and protect ecosystems.
Sustainability And Economic Developmentjohncleveland
The document discusses sustainability and its connections to economic development. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. Economic development strategies can support community sustainability initiatives or sustainable business practices. Businesses benefit from improving their environmental performance through eco-efficiency, innovation, and reducing their impacts on natural capital.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
1) It describes five levels of ecological organization from the biosphere level down to the individual organism level.
2) It explains the interdependence between organisms and their environment and how ecological models are used to study these relationships.
3) It discusses important ecological concepts such as producers, consumers, trophic levels, biogeochemical cycles, and energy flow through ecosystems.
The document discusses ecology, ecosystems, and environmental concepts. It defines ecology as the study of organisms and their environment. There are different types of ecology like autecology and synecology. An ecosystem is comprised of biotic and abiotic components that interact and exchange energy and matter. The biotic components include producers, consumers, and decomposers. The abiotic components include climatic, physical, chemical, and medium factors. Various ecosystems are described like forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Their biotic and abiotic components and examples of organisms are provided. Environmental issues like waste management, pollution, and their impacts are also summarized.
Pengaruh kegiatan manusia terhadap keseimbangan lingkunganMn Hidayat
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ekosistem dan bagaimana aktivitas manusia dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem. Aktivitas seperti penebangan hutan secara liar, penggunaan bahan kimia berlebihan dalam pertanian dan industri, serta pembuangan limbah dapat merusak ekosistem. Dokumen juga menjelaskan bagian-bagian tumbuhan dan hewan yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh manusia.
Speaker: John Ikerd, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri Columbia
Author and speaker on the topic of sustainable agriculture with an emphasis on the economics of sustainabilty.
BS, MS, PhD Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri
Worked in Extension Agricultural Economics positions at North Carolina State University, 1970-76 and Oklahoma State University, 1976-84 and was Head of Extension Agricultural Economics, University of Georgia, 1984-89.
Returned to the University of Missouri 1989, under a cooperative agreement with U.S.D.A, to provide state and national leadership for research and education programs related to sustainable agriculture.
National Sustainable Agriculture Projects with USDA SARE Program
1988-91: Farm Decision Supports Systems for Sustainable Agriculture (PLANETOR)
1991-93: Sustainable Agriculture Education Council (SA Professional Development Program)
1992-94: Addressing the Quality of Life Dimension of Sustainable Agriculture
1993-95: Regional Liaison-South and Northeast- SA Professional Development Program
1994-99: State Co-coordinator of SA Professional Development Program for Missouri
Ecology is the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. Key components of ecology include producers, consumers, decomposers and the biosphere. Ecology studies different levels of organization from populations and communities to ecosystems and the biosphere. Human activities directly and indirectly impact ecology through land use changes, agriculture, construction, pollution and more. Governments are taking actions to promote more environmentally friendly practices and mitigate human impacts on the environment.
The document discusses various topics in ecology including ecosystems, ecological succession, food chains, food webs, and different types of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic ecosystems. It provides information on key concepts such as how ecosystems are defined, the process of ecological succession, how energy passes between producers and consumers in food chains and webs, and examples of different forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystems. In the end, it emphasizes man's responsibility to conserve and protect ecosystems.
Sustainability And Economic Developmentjohncleveland
The document discusses sustainability and its connections to economic development. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. Economic development strategies can support community sustainability initiatives or sustainable business practices. Businesses benefit from improving their environmental performance through eco-efficiency, innovation, and reducing their impacts on natural capital.
Tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kecerunan pantai adalah:
1. Jenis dan saiz bahan sedimen yang membentuk pantai, dengan bahan kasar membentuk cerun yang lebih curam
2. Jenis dan kekuatan gelombang laut, dengan gelombang besar dan kuat dapat mencuci dan mempercuram cerun pantai
3. Orientasi pantai sama ada terdedah atau terlindung dari gelombang laut, dengan pantai terdedah cenderung lebih curam
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi wilayah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan deras dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi daerah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan lebat dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi daerah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan lebat dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Beberapa faktor mempengaruhi perkembangan sektor perindustrian di Malaysia seperti dasar kerajaan, kemampuan modal, kemajuan teknologi, tenaga buruh murah, dan permintaan pasaran yang luas.
1. Proses hakisan dan penghausan yang terjadi pada tebing dan dasar alur sungai akibat tindakan air sungai dan bahan yang dibawanya mengakibatkan perubahan morfologi sungai.
2. Beberapa mekanisme hakisan meliputi hakisan hidraulik, hakisan gesekan, hakisan pelanggaran, dan hakisan larutan yang mempengaruhi struktur batuan sepanjang alur sungai.
3. Proses ini berperan dalam pembentukan sist
Industri kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia menghadapi beberapa masalah utama seperti kekurangan modal, tenaga terlatih, bahan mentah, teknologi yang lemah, dan kesukaran memasarkan produk. Ini menjejaskan daya saing dan kualiti pengeluaran industri kecil.
Tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kecerunan pantai adalah:
1. Jenis dan saiz bahan sedimen yang membentuk pantai, dengan bahan kasar membentuk cerun yang lebih curam
2. Jenis dan kekuatan gelombang laut, dengan gelombang besar dan kuat dapat mencuci dan mempercuram cerun pantai
3. Orientasi pantai sama ada terdedah atau terlindung dari gelombang laut, dengan pantai terdedah cenderung lebih curam
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi wilayah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan deras dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi daerah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan lebat dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan larian air permukaan, antaranya jumlah hujan, bentuk hujan, geologi daerah, kecerunan tanah, dan jenis tumbuhan. Kadar hakisan lebih tinggi ketika hujan lebat dalam waktu singkat atau di daerah dengan cerun curam dan tumbuhan yang jarang. Jenis batuan dan tumbuhan yang tebal dapat mengurangi kadar hakisan.
Beberapa faktor mempengaruhi perkembangan sektor perindustrian di Malaysia seperti dasar kerajaan, kemampuan modal, kemajuan teknologi, tenaga buruh murah, dan permintaan pasaran yang luas.
1. Proses hakisan dan penghausan yang terjadi pada tebing dan dasar alur sungai akibat tindakan air sungai dan bahan yang dibawanya mengakibatkan perubahan morfologi sungai.
2. Beberapa mekanisme hakisan meliputi hakisan hidraulik, hakisan gesekan, hakisan pelanggaran, dan hakisan larutan yang mempengaruhi struktur batuan sepanjang alur sungai.
3. Proses ini berperan dalam pembentukan sist
Industri kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia menghadapi beberapa masalah utama seperti kekurangan modal, tenaga terlatih, bahan mentah, teknologi yang lemah, dan kesukaran memasarkan produk. Ini menjejaskan daya saing dan kualiti pengeluaran industri kecil.
3. •Ciri utamanya adalah untuk mcapai keseimbngan.
•Apabila sitem tganggu akan myebabkn seluruh unit di
alam sekitar brfungsi & bergerak untuk mencapai
keseimbangan & ini mmerlukan tempoh masa yg lama.
•Contoh perubahan yg berlaku:
Kemusnahan yg berlaku kpd hutan primer akan pulih
dgn sndirinya & mbentuk hutan yg baru iaitu hutan
sekunder.
Daripada ekosistem hutan primer kepada ekosistem
hutan sekunder & kembali semula ke ekosistem hutan
primer.
•Kemampuan ekosistem hutan untuk pulih kepada
ekosistem asal yang dinamakan pemulihan kenduri.
4. Pemulihan kendiri memerlukan tempoh masa
yang sngt panjang & mungkin tidak dapat di
nikmati oleh generasi2 tertentu.
Untuk pemulihan yang berkesan,pengurusan
& pengunaan ekosistem perlu dilakukan dgn
bijak.
Antara kaedah:mengamalkan kaedah
penebangan terpilih atau mengalakkan
aktiviti penanaman semula.
Melalui kaedah ini,keseimbangan dapat
dikekalkan tanpa mnunggu proses baik pulih.
Cth:mewartakan hutan tertentu sebagai
hutan simpan kekal.
5. Untuk sumber alam yang tidak boleh diperbaharui
seperti sumber mineral(petroleum & gas
asli),keseimbangan sistem ekosistem dapat di kekalkan
dengan cara pengurusan sistematik & berhemah.
Sumber2 yang mengalami kepupusan perlu dihentikan
& di gantikan sumber2 gantian atau alternatif.
Antara cth sumber gantian untuk gantikan sumber
petroleum & gas asli ialah sumber hidroelektrik,tenaga
solar dan biomass.
Contoh negara yg mempunyai banyak sumber gantian
iaitu malaysia.Namun,malaysia perlu mningkatkan
keupayaan teknologi & modal serta mengubahsuai
tahap teknologi yg sedia ada kepada teknologi yg boleh
menggunakan tenaga ganti berkenaan.