The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Kelvin probe technique, a non-contact, non-destructive method utilized for measuring the work functions of materials, specifically in surface science. It highlights the sensitivity and resolution of the technique, particularly in characterizing semiconductor surfaces and the unique capabilities of KP Technology in producing absolute Kelvin probes. Additionally, it promotes EquipTest as a manufacturer of test solutions, including probes and fixtures, inviting inquiries for interface solutions.

1. A Comprehensive Guide to Kelvin Probe
Technique by Equiptest.com
Kelvin probe techniques are used to measure the work functions of materials. They have been
successfully applied in surface science for decades, usually under UHV conditions. It is
employed to study the adsorption of molecule surfaces or reconstruction processes of single-
crystal surfaces. Both of which cause a change in the surface or dipole potential.
What is the Kelvin probe technique?
The Kelvin Probe technique is a non-contact, non-destructive method that measures the change
in the contact potential difference (CPD) between the sample and the electrode using a vibrating
reference electrode.
The work function difference between the tip and sample is produced using the conventional
Kelvin probe. Lord Kelvin, a renowned Scottish scientist, proposed the Kelvin method in 1861.
Typically, the tip is calibrated against a reference surface, such as gold. However, KP
Technology is the only company that offers absolute Kelvin probes. To generate absolute work
function values, this combines the Einstein Photoelectric Effect with the Kelvin technique (in
eV).
Specifications of Kelvin probe
Because the topmost 1 - 3 layers of atoms or molecules define the WF of a surface, the Kelvin
probe is one of the most sensitive surface analysis techniques available. KP Technology systems
have an extremely high wf resolution of 1 - 3 meV. This is currently the highest achieved by any
commercial device.
It does not make physical contact with the surface. Instead, an electrical connection is made to
another part of the sample or sample holder.
A head unit with a voice coil driving system and an inbuilt amplifier suspended above a sample
is the physical form of a Kelvin Probe.

2. The sample and the vibrating tip combine to create a capacitor with a perfect, or parallel-plate
shape. Electric charge is pushed around the external detecting circuit as the tip vibrates. Both the
potential across the capacitor and the capacitor spacing can be determined to very high
resolution. It can be done by carefully controlling the tip potential and automatically capturing
and analyzing the resulting waveform.
Kelvin probes for Semiconductor surfaces
The Kelvin probe is the only method for accurately measuring the Fermi level on semiconductor
surfaces, including organic (polymer) and inorganic (Si, Ge, CdS, etc.) semiconductor surfaces.
White or monochromatic light illumination alters the Fermi level, causing energy band shifts that

3. can be utilized to describe the interface and bulk defect states. These processes are known as
Surface Photovoltage (SPV) and Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS). KP Technology can
provide our systems with the necessary software and add-ons.
Equip-Test- Ultimate destination for all interface solutions
Equip-Test is a worldwide manufacturer of test probes and fixture kits for a variety of
applications. Our primary product line consists of test probes, test fixture kits, customized ICT,
functional test fixtures, and integrated ICT with function testing capabilities. We make
significant investments in research and development, internal laboratories, and high-tech
manufacturing plants. If you have any concerns, our knowledgeable staff will be happy to assist
you. Visit our official website today if you are looking for interface solutions or probe test tools.
You can also get a quote by calling +36-29/550-940.
Contact Us
H - 2220 Vecsés Vágóhíd u. 19. Hungary
+36 15333165
info@equip-test.com
https://www.facebook.com/EquipTest?ref=hl
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIg2_KEceqqm6FdZT5CCMGw
https://www.instagram.com/equiptest/
https://twitter.com/equiptestgroup
VISIT WEBSITE
https://www.equip-test.com