MAXSOLAR ENERGY SAN. TİC. A.Ş, elektrik fiyat artışlarından bağımsız olmayı, kazanç sağlayan uzun vadeli bir yatırımı, ülkemizin öz kaynaklarını değerlendirmeyi ve çevreye zarar vermemeyi hedefleyen bir yatırım projesidir.
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
MAXSOLAR ENERGY SAN. TİC. A.Ş, elektrik fiyat artışlarından bağımsız olmayı, kazanç sağlayan uzun vadeli bir yatırımı, ülkemizin öz kaynaklarını değerlendirmeyi ve çevreye zarar vermemeyi hedefleyen bir yatırım projesidir.
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
Course note, The course supported by Mevlana Exchange Programme was presented at the Tourism Department of Economy Faculty of Tetova State Unıversity, Macedonia in May 11-15, 2015
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Karma enerji ormancılığı
1. Prof. Dr. Musa GENÇProf. Dr. Musa GENÇ
I. ULUSLARARASI AVRASYA ENERJİ SORUNLARII. ULUSLARARASI AVRASYA ENERJİ SORUNLARI
SEMPOZYUMUSEMPOZYUMU
28-30 MAYIS 2015, İZMİR28-30 MAYIS 2015, İZMİR
İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi
Orman Fakültesi
35620 Çiğli-İZMİR
3. TÜKENİYOR !
Mevcut kömür rezervleri:
100-110 yıl sonra,
Petrol ve doğal gaz rezervleri:
50 yıl sonra
4. Dünya üzerinde yer alan
biyokütlenin yaklaşık % 90’ı ormanlarda
Dünya ormanlarındaki
yıllık net biyolojik üretim, yaklaşık 50x1019
ton
5. Biyokütle Enerjisi
Geleneksel ve modern anlamda olmak üzere iki grupta ele
almak mümkündür.
Geleneksel Biyokütle Enerjisi
Ormanlardan elde edilen yakacak odun ve
yakacak olarak kullanılan bitki ve hayvan atıklarından
(tezek gibi) üretilen enerji
6. Biyokütle Enerjisi
Modern Biyokütle Enerjisi
Enerji ormancılığından,
enerji tarlalarından,
orman-ağaç endüstrisi atıklarından,
tarım kesimindeki bitkisel atıklardan,
kentsel atıklardan,
tarıma dayalı endüstri atıklardan
üretilen enerji
7. Enerji Ormanları
Üretilen biyokütle çeşidine göre ikiye ayrılır:
Geleneksel Enerji Ormanları
Ekseriyetle yörenin doğal türleriyle kurulup
işletilen,
yakacak odun (klasik biyokütle enerjisi) üretimi
için tesis edilmiş ormanlar
8. Enerji Ormanları
Modern Enerji Ormanları
İdare süresi kısa (4-8 yıl) hızlı gelişen,
doğal veya yabancı türlerle kurulup işletilen,
modern biyokütle enerjisi üretimi için tesis
edilmiş ormanlar
9. Ortalama verim
En fazla 7 t/ha/yıl
1 hektar = 10.000 m2
Geleneksel Enerji Ormanlarında VerimGeleneksel Enerji Ormanlarında Verim
11. ABD’de yapılan hesaplara göre;ABD’de yapılan hesaplara göre;
1 milyon hektar enerji ormanından
yılda yaklaşık 7 milyon ton biyokütle
Yaklaşık 30 milyon varil ham petrole eş değer
• Görüldüğü gibi, enerji ağaçları ile hem var olan
ormanların korunması, hem de çevre kirliliğini
azaltmak mümkündür.
12. Modern enerji ormancılığında kullanılan bitkiler
• Söğüt,
• Huş,
• Karakavak,
• Balzam kavakları,
• Titrek kavak,
• Melez kavak,
• Okaliptüs,
• Kızılağaç,
• Akçaağaç,
• Cynara sp.
13. • Bu ağaçlar genelde her 5 yılda bir tıraşlama
kesilerek yeniden büyümeleri sağlanır ve hasat edilen
dallar biyokütle kaynağı olarak kullanılır.
Modern enerji ormanlarından elde edilen
yıllık ortalama biyokütle verimi,
hektarda 22 ton civarında
14. Avrupa’da Modern Enerji Ormancılığı
(Kuru Madde Verimi)
Bugünkü ÜretimBugünkü Üretim
Ton/hektarTon/hektar
GelecekteGelecekte
ÜretilecekÜretilecek
TahminiTahmini
Ton/hektar/yılTon/hektar/yıl
ÜreticiÜretici
AvrupaAvrupa
ÜlkeleriÜlkeleri
Cynara sp. ------ 25 Güney
Okaliptüs 10-15 17 Güney
Kavak 12 16 Kuzey-Batı
Söğüt
10
15 Kuzey-Batı
Salkım 5 8 Güney
Kozalıklılar 5 8 Güney
15. Günümüzde;Günümüzde;
AB kapsamında enerji tüketiminin
% 2-3'ü biomasdan
karşılanmakta olup, bazı AB ülkelerinde
biomasın payı % 10-16 düzeyinde
2020 yılında modern biyokütle enerji üretiminin2020 yılında modern biyokütle enerji üretiminin
• ABD'de 235-410 Mtep,
• Almanya'da 11-21 Mtep,
• Japonya'da 9-12 Mtep olması planlanmıştır.
16. Modern biyokütle ile sağlanacak enerji
jeotermal enerjinin 6,4 katı
rüzgar enerjisinin 2,6-3 katı
güneş enerjisinin 1,6-2,2 katı
17. 2020 yılına kadar
1 milyon hektar orman alanında enerji ormancılığı yapılacak,
hektar başına 5 ton verim elde edilecek,
2 MTEP’lik biyokütle kaynaklı enerji
üretimi bekleniyor.
BTEP: Bin Ton Eşdeğer Petrol
MTEP: Milyon Ton Eşdeğer Petrol
GTEP: Milyar Ton Eşdeğer Petrol
Türkiye’deTürkiye’de
Geleneksel Biyokütle Enerjisi ÜretimiGeleneksel Biyokütle Enerjisi Üretimi
19. Türkiye’de modern enerji ormancılığı bağlamında ekonomik
değeri yüksek yerli ağaç türleri:
• Akkavak
• Titrek kavak
• Anadolu selvi kavağı
• Fırat kavağı
• Kızılağaç türleri
• Meşe türleri
• Dişbudak türleri
• Akçaağaç türleri
• Söğüt türleri
• Huş türleri
• Kızılçam
• Fıstık çamı
• Toros sediri ve
• Akdeniz servisi
Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi ÜretimiTürkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi Üretimi
20. Türkiye’de yetiştirilebilecek yabancı ağaç türleri:
• Okaliptus türleri
• Populus euroamericana
• Pinus pinaster
• Acacia cynophilla
• Robinia pseudoacacia
Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi ÜretimiTürkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi Üretimi
21. Verimsiz orman alanımızın
% 60'ı% 60'ı klasik enerji ormanına
dönüştürüldüğünde, muhtemel enerji
üretimimiz 28 MTEP/yıl28 MTEP/yıl
Yıllık enerji ihtiyacımızın % 32'sini% 32'sini,,
sadece enerji ormanlarımızdan
karşılamamız mümkün
SonuçSonuç
22. Fakat;
• Ülkemizdeki klasik enerji ormanları verim ve güç
olarak çok yetersizdir.
0.85 t/ha/yıl0.85 t/ha/yıl verimverim
0.33 kW/ha/yıl0.33 kW/ha/yıl güçgüç
Bu nedenle, biyokütle üretiminin, Türkiye’de,
modern enerji ormancılığı anlayışı ile yeniden
düzenlenmesi zorunludur.
http://www.tusiad.org/turkish/rapor/enerji/html/sec10.html
SonuçSonuç
23.
24. KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI ?
Geleneksel ve modern enerji ormancılığı
yapılan alanlarda enerji bitkilerinin de
yetiştirilmesi
İki tipi vardır:
A tipi karma enerji ormancılığı
B tipi karma enerji ormancılığı
25. A TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI
?
Toplumun yakacak odun ihtiyaçlarını
karşılamak üzere,
sürgün verme özelliği bulunan bitkisel
taksonlarla ve 15-25 yıllık idare (dönüş) süreleri
ile gerçekleştirilen
geleneksel enerji ormancılığında, enerji
bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinin de yapılması
26. B TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI
?
Bütünüyle enerji üretme maksatlı,
3-8 yıllık kısa idare süreleri ile sürgün verme
özelliği bulunan türlerle gerçekleştirilen
modern enerji ormancılığında, enerji bitkileri
yetiştiriciliğinin de yapılması
31. TÜRKİYE VE EGE BÖLGESİNİN
KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI POTANSİYELİ
Türkiye’de 5 milyon hektarTürkiye’de 5 milyon hektar
Ege Bölgesinde 1 milyon m²Ege Bölgesinde 1 milyon m²
32. A TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANINDA KESİM DÜZENİ.A TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANINDA KESİM DÜZENİ.
İdare süresi 20 yıldır. Her yıl bir blokta kesim
yapılacaktır.
Kesim yapılan her blokta, 3-5 yıl süreyle C4 enerji
bitkileri de yetiştirilecektir.
1
7 2 8 3
4 10 5 11 6
12 14 16 13 9
17 19 20 18 15
YolYol
33. B TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞIB TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI
UYGULAMALARIUYGULAMALARI
Sınır Boyunca
Ağaç Dikimi
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD7407.html
Dönüşümlü Kültivasyon
34. Sıra ve Şeritler Halinde Karışım
Su Kaynağı Kenarında
Orman Tamponu
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD7407.html
B TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞIB TİPİ KARMA ENERJİ ORMANCILIĞI
UYGULAMALARIUYGULAMALARI
40. Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı
(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)
Kültür BitkileriKültür Bitkileri
YoncaYonca AyçiçeğiAyçiçeği
(1 dönümden 40 kg bal) (1 dönümden 5 kg bal)
41. Kırmızı ÜçgülKırmızı Üçgül Beyaz ÜçgülBeyaz Üçgül
(1 dönümden 10 kg bal) (1 dönümden 10 kg bal)(1 dönümden 10 kg bal) (1 dönümden 10 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı
(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)
Kültür BitkileriKültür Bitkileri
42. KorungaKorunga Kolza (Kanola)Kolza (Kanola)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı
(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)
Kültür BitkileriKültür Bitkileri
43. Pamuk ArıotuPamuk Arıotu
(1 dönümden 30 - 100 kg bal)(1 dönümden 30 - 100 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı
(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)(Ormancılık + Arıcılık)
Kültür BitkileriKültür Bitkileri
44. Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
AdaçayıAdaçayı Engerek OtuEngerek Otu
(1 dönümden 6,5 kg bal) (1 dönümden 30 - 40 kg bal)
45. Uyuz otuUyuz otu Karabaş otuKarabaş otu
(1 dönümden 20 - 50 kg bal) (1 dönümden 10 - 20 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
46. Erik OtuErik Otu
(1 dönümden 10 - 20 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
47. Kekik (Anzer çayı)Kekik (Anzer çayı)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
48. Beyaz ballıbabaBeyaz ballıbaba Peygamber çiçeğiPeygamber çiçeği
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
51. Taş yoncasıTaş yoncası
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
53. Muhabbet çiçeğiMuhabbet çiçeği
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
54. Tüylü naneTüylü nane
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
55. FiğFiğ
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Doğada Kendiliğinden Yetişen Otsu Bitkiler
56. Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
AkasyaAkasya (1 dönümden 150 kg bal)(1 dönümden 150 kg bal)
57. Söğüt
(1
dönümden
10 - 15 kg
bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
58. IhlamurIhlamur (1 dönümden 50 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
59. Hayıt (Yakı otu)
(1 dönümden 60 kg bal)
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
60. Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
61. Macaristan’da yalancı akasya balı üretimi
Yaş Bal Verimi (kg/dönüm)
6 37,1
9 39,6
15 41,8
20 40,7
25 36,9
30 30,5
35 21,4
Karma Enerji OrmancılığıKarma Enerji Ormancılığı (Ormancılık +(Ormancılık +
Arıcılık)Arıcılık)
Ağaç-Ağaççık ve Çalılar
67. KAYNAKÇA
1. Miraboğlu, M., 1977: Ormanın Hava Kirliliğini Önleyici Etkisi. İÜ Orman
Fakültesi Yayını, No. 2335/240, İstanbul.
2. Özten, Y., 1985: Çevre Kirlenmesi. KÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayını, No.94/7,
Trabzon.
3. Topbaş, M.T., Brohi, A.R., Karaman, M., 1998: Çevre Kirliliği. TC Çevre
Bakanlığı Yayını, Ankara.
4. Saraçoğlu, N., 2002: Orman Hasılat Bilgisi. ZKÜ Bartın Orman Fakültesi
Yayınları, Fakülte Yayın No: 9, Bartın.
5. Ata, C., 1995: Silvikültür Tekniği. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Bartın
Orman Fakültesi Yayını, No.4/3, Bartın.
6. Matthews, J.D., 1997: Silvicultural Systems. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
7. Atay, İ., 1990: Silvikültür II (Silvikültürün Tekniği). İÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayını,
No. 3599/405, İstanbul.
8. Odabaşı, T., 1976: Türkiye’de Baltalık ve Korulubaltalık Ormanları ve Bunların
Koruya Dönüştürülmesi Olanakları Üzerine Araştırmalar. İÜ Orman Fakültesi
Yayını, No. 2079/218, İstanbul.
9. Anonim 2002: Ülkemiz Ormancılığında Uygulanan Silvikültür Teknikleri.
Temin edilebileceği web adresi, http://www.ogm.gov.tr
68. GENÇ – YILDIZ – DELİGÖZ 2006
KAYNAKÇA
10. Anonim 2004: Ağaçlandırma Yönetmeliğinin Bazı Maddelerinde Değişiklik
Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Temin edilebileceği web adresi,
http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Eskiler/2004/07/20040707.htm
11. Çalışkan, T., 1998: Hızlı Gelişen Türlerle İlgili Rapor. Workshop, Hızlı Gelişen
Türlerle Yapılan Ağaçlandırma Çalışmalarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Yapılacak
Çalışmalar, 8-9 Aralık 1998, Ankara, Orman Bakanlığı Yayın Dairesi Başkanlığı
Yayını, No. 83, 109-130.
12. Anonim 1985: Kayın. OAE Yayını, El Kitabı Dizisi No. 1, Muhtelif
Yayınlar Serisi No. 42, Ankara.
13. Saatçioğlu, F., 1978: Silvikültür II (Silvikültür Tekniği). II. Baskı, İÜ
Orman Fakültesi Yayını, No. 2490/268, İstanbul.
14. Genç, M., 2004: Silvikültür Tekniği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayını,
No. 46, Isparta.
15. Anonim 1983: Ormanların Gençleştirilmesine İmar Islahına ve Bakımlarına Ait
Silvikültürel Esaslar Tebliği (177/A). TC Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı
Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Ağaçlandırma ve Silvikültür Dairesi Başkanlığı,
Ankara.