In the account, King Nabuchodonosor of Assyria wages war against King Arphaxad of the Medes, culminating in a fierce battle where Nabuchodonosor's forces prevail and he takes control of numerous territories. Following his victories, Nabuchodonosor plots to punish those who defied him and sends his general Holofernes to conquer the western nations. The Israelites, terrified by Holofernes' actions and the impending threat, prepare for war and seek divine assistance to protect their land and sanctity.