This document provides a series of performance tips for using jQuery effectively, emphasizing best practices to avoid slow applications. Key recommendations include staying updated with jQuery versions, understanding selector performance, employing caching, utilizing chaining, and minimizing DOM manipulation. The author also stresses the importance of avoiding loops and demonstrates techniques for writing more efficient and maintainable code.

1. jQuery Performance
Tips & Tricks
Addy Osmani, Jan 2011

2. About Me
Senior Web Developer (currently a PM)
jQuery Bug Triage, API Docs and Blogging
teams
Write for .NET magazine, my site and a few
other places.

3. I <3 jQuery

4. Why Performance?
Best practices are very important
Don’t follow them and browsers end up
having to do more work
More work = more memory usage = slower
apps..and you don’t want that.

5. Tip 1: Stay up to date!
ALWAYS use the latest version of jQuery core
Performance improvements and bug fixes are
usually made between each version
Older versions (eg. 1.4.2) won’t offer these
instant benefits

6. Tip 2: Know Your
Selectors
All selectors are NOT created equally
Fastest to slowest selectors are:
◦ The ID Selectors (“#AnElementWithID”)
◦ Element selectors (“form”, “input”, etc.)
◦ Class selectors (“.someClass”)
◦ Pseudo & Attribute selectors (“:visible, :hidden,
[attribute=value] etc.”)
ID and element are fastest as backed by native
DOM operations.

7. Pseudo-selectors: powerful but
slow
if ( jQuery.expr && jQuery.expr.filters ) {
jQuery.expr.filters.hidden = function( elem ) {
var width = elem.offsetWidth,
height = elem.offsetHeight;
return (width === 0 && height === 0) || (!
jQuery.support.reliableHiddenOffsets && (elem.style.display ||
jQuery.css( elem, "display" )) === "none");
};
jQuery.expr.filters.visible = function( elem ) {
return !jQuery.expr.filters.hidden( elem );
};
}
:hidden (above) is powerful but must be run against all the elements in
your search space
Pseudo/Attrib selectors have no browser-based call to take advantage
of

8. A Look At Parents & Children
//Selectors
1) $(".child", $parent).show(); (Scope)
2) $parent.find(".child").show(); (using find())
3) $parent.children(".child").show(); (immediate children)
4) $("#parent > .child").show(); (via CSS selector)
5) $("#parent .child").show(); (same as 2)

9. Tip 3: Caching = Win.
var parents = $(‘.parents’);
var children = $(‘.parents’).find(‘.child’) //bad
Each $(‘.whatever’) will re-run your search of
the DOM and return a new collection
Bad! - use caching! (ie. parents. find(‘.child’))
You can then do whatever.show()/hide/stuff
to your heart’s content.

10. Tip 4: Chaining
var parents = $(‘.parents’).doSomething().doSomethingElse();
Almost all jQuery methods return a jQuery
Object and support chaining
After you’ve run a method on your selection,
you can continue running more!
Less code, easier to write and it runs faster!

11. No-chaining vs. chaining
//Without chaining
$(‘#notification’).fadeIn(‘slow’);
$(‘#notification’).addClass(‘.activeNotification’);
$(‘#notification’).css(‘marginLeft’, ‘50px’);
//With chaining
$(‘#notification’).fadeIn(‘slow’)
.addClass(‘.activeNotification’)
.css(‘marginLeft’, ‘50px’);

12. Tip 5: Event Delegation
Understand .bind(), .live() and .delegate() - do
you REALLY know the differences?
Delegates let you attach an event handler to a
common parent of your elements rather than a
discrete one to each of them
Also fires for NEW DOM nodes too
Use when binding same handler to multiple
elements

13. Tip 6: The DOM isn’t a Database!
jQuery lets you treat it like one, but that
doesn’t make it so
Every DOM insertion is costly
Minimize by building HTML strings and using
single a single append() as late as possible
Use detach() if doing heavy interaction with a
node then re-insert it when done

14. Quick Tip: Attaching Data
A common way of attaching data is
$(‘#item’).data(key,value);
But this is significantly faster...
$.data(‘#item’, key,value);

15. Tip 7: Avoid Loops. Nested DOM
Selectors can perform better
If not necessary, avoid loops. They’re slow in
every programming language
If possible, use the selector engine instead to
address the elements that are needed
There *are* places where loops can’t be
substituted but try your best to optimize

16. Loops
//Slow!
$('#menu a.submenu').each(
function(index){
$(this).doSomething()
.doSomethingElse();
});
//Better!
$('#menu a.submenu').doSomething()
.doSomethingElse();

17. Tip 8: Keep your code
/*Non-Dry*/
DRY
/*Let's store some default values in an array*/
var defaultSettings = {};
defaultSettings['carModel'] = 'Mercedes';
defaultSettings['carYear’] = 2010;
defaultSettings['carMiles'] = 5000;
defaultSettings['carTint'] = 'Metallic Blue';
/*Let's do something with this data if a checkbox is clicked*/
$('.someCheckbox').click(function(){
if (this.checked){
$('#input_carModel').val(activeSettings.carModel);
$('#input_carYear').val(activeSettings.carYear);
$('#input_carMiles').val(activeSettings.carMiles);
$('#input_carTint').val(activeSettings.carTint);
} else {
$('#input_carModel').val('');
$('#input_carYear').val('');
$('#input_carMiles').val('');
$('#input_carTint).val('');
}
});

18. DRY-er code
/*Dry*/
$('.someCheckbox').click(function(){
var checked = this.checked;
/*
What are we repeating?
1. input_ precedes each field name
2. accessing the same array for settings
3. repeating value resets
What can we do?
1. programmatically generate the field names
2. access array by key
3. merge this call using terse coding (ie. if checked,
set a value, otherwise don't)
*/
$.each(['carModel', 'carYear', 'carMiles', 'carTint'], function(i,key){
$('#input_' + v).val(checked ? defaultSettings[key] : '');
});
});

19. When in doubt - Perf test!
jsPerf.com - easy way to create tests comparing
the perf of different JS snippets
Uses Benchmark.js - a neat benchmarking
utility that works cross-platform
Easy to share your code or modify other tests

20. Thats it!
Thanks to Matt Baker over at WealthFront for his very useful reference material
Twitter: @addyosmani / @addy_osmani
For my blog: http://addyosmani.com
GitHub: http://github.com/addyosmani