John Bardeen was an American physicist and engineer who received two Nobel Prizes, one in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for inventing the transistor and one in 1972 for his theory of superconductivity. He enjoyed hosting friends and family for cookouts. Bardeen received his Ph.D. in mathematical physics from Princeton University in 1936 and made significant contributions to the science community through his work and inventions.