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TALENTER I SPILL
Nettverkskonferanse 2015, UiA
12. og 13. mars
Jenter og IT
1
Foto: Bård Halvorsen
Jenter og IT - en idéhistorie
2(1)
Dagens utfordringer
Et tilbakeblikk - hva skjedde?
Forventninger til teknologi
IT og jenter - Vi må lage flere historier
Dagens utfordringer:
3
Kjønnsdelte studier
For få kvinner som jobber i IT-bransjen
Stereotype fremstillinger av kjønn
(2)
Større grunn til bekymring på helse- og
sosialfag og lærerutdanningen enn tekniske fag
4
Kvinner Menn
Lærerutdanning 27 337 (76%) 8723 (24%)
Helse- og sosial 40 659 (79%) 10 851 (21%)
Natur-
vitenskapelige
fag, håndverksfag
og tekniske fag
13 946 (32%) 29 998 (68%)
(3)
Bekymringer for lite mangfold i IT-bransjen
5(4), (5), (6), (7)
Samtidig fremstilles verden i rosa og lyseblått
som lager trange rom for både jenter og gutter
6
«Gutter elsker teknologi og spill» «Jentene bygger relasjoner»
(8), (9)
Et tilbakeblikk viser at IT ikke er et "guttefag"
7
Kvinner var pionerer i computer
sciences
Under 2. verdenskrig var de fleste
programmerere kvinner
Kvinner ble ofte kalt "kalkulatorer"
eller "computers"
Det av en holdning til jenter om at
de var mer strukturerte og
detaljorienterte: "Programming
requires lots of patience,
persistence, and a capacity detail
and those are traits that many girls
have"
(10), (11), (12)
"There were no limitations to what you could
accomplish. There was lots of vision and new ideals
as to where the computer might be used. We looked
at the computer as a universal problem-solving
machine. It had some rules and an operating system,
but it was up to you to program it to do whatever you
wanted it to do."
Mildred Koss, en av de første programmererne i
UNIVersal Automatic Computers
8
Photo: http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/computing.html
http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/readings/p175-gurer.pdf
(10), (11), (12)
En holdning til teknologi som minner om
Lær Kidsa Koding!
9
“What’s funny about that period, I’m not sure who my boss was. This
was such an unstructured environment… Once I had a child they let
me continue to work the way I wanted to. I inferred from that I was of
value to them. Nobody lets you work that way unless they are getting
value. I got increases. I got paid fairly well. Eckert & Mauchly was
pretty good that way… There were no models, they didn’t care how
you worked. There were no preconceived notions as to the way you
could contribute. You did not have to be in the office…. We did not
have huge management teams. We did incredibly new and exciting
things and nobody had a problem.”
Kelly Moss, pioneer
(10)
En annerledes bedriftskultur
10
Hva skjedde?
Nye kjønnsroller på 1950-tallet.
IT-bransjen endret seg, hierarkisk, mannlige sjefer
Personlige datamaskiner ble markedsført mot gutter - spill
I tillegg ble dikotomiseringen av kjønn forsterket fra midten av 80-tallet
(11), (12)
Nye kjønnsroller - kvinner tilbake på kjøkkenet
11
selv om flere akademiske yrker og yrkesveier ble åpnet for kvinner
samfunnet hadde behov for arbeidskraft
sank andelen yrkesaktive kvinner i Norge
og 1950-tallet blir omtalt som "husmortiåret"
(13), (14), (15)
Endrede bedriftsstrukturer i IT-bransjen
12
I artikkelen "Pionering Women in
Computer Science" trekkes
endringene i mannlig hierarkiske
forretningsstrukturer frem som en
årsak til at kvinner faset mer ut.
Image Courtesy: http://blog.inigral.com(16), (17)
Personlige datamaskiner markedsført mot gutter
13
"Rane Johnson-Stempson, the principal research director at Microsoft
Research, said she believes the problem can be traced back to
families' computer purchasing decisions in the 1980s and ’90s."
(18), (19)
Og hvor ble det av jenta med den selvkomponerte
legofiguren?
14(20)
15
Det er knyttet forventninger til bruk av
teknologi, hvem den skal brukes av og hvordan
(21)
Forventninger gjenspeiles i historiene som fortelles -
eksempler fra da telefonen ble alminneliggjort
16
"Women particularly like to use the phone for long and intimate
chats, while men tend to use the phone for instrumental
reasons" (Frissen 1995:89)
Kvinner ble utsatt for hets i USA, Kearney mener fordi deres bruk
utfordret eksisterende maktstrukturer (Kearny 2005)
I norsk dagspresse på 1920- og 30-tallet en mengde leserinnlegg
om kvinners "feilaktige"bruk av offentlige telefoner (Due 2009)
(22, (23), (24)
Samtidig er det et mangfold av historier vi også
kan fortelle,
17
om telefonaviser
om telefonkonserter
om telefongudstjenester
(25), (26), (27)
18
"The wonderful thing about technology is that people end up doing with it
something different from what was originally intended" (Castells 2001)
(28)
Fortsatt reproduserer vi myter om kjønn og
teknologi, det er på tide å fortelle nye og mer
mangfoldige historier om IT-fag og IT-bransjen
19
1. Synliggjøre og fortelle om gamle og nye
rollemodeller
20(29)
...så vi unngår dette:
21
Kidsa koder på Kjelsås i 2013
(30)
2. Skape arenaer og møteplasser for læring
22
23
...så vi opplever dette:
Det viktigste vi kan gjøre er å skape et
mangfold av fortellinger
24
vise hva teknologi kan brukes til
la unge selv lage teknologi
la unge bli kjent med hvordan teknologier skapes og skaper
la unge åpne opp skjermer og bokser
diskutere hva teknologi kan gjøre for hvem, hvordan og hvorfor
skape engasjement og interesse for læring og mangfold
prøv i hverdagen å snakke om interesser istedenfor å reprodusere
stereotyper
la jenter og gutter få like rosa, grønt og blått, smykker, biler, spill og lek
som de vil, alt kan knyttes til teknologi uansett kjønn.
Takk for meg!
Bare ta kontakt om du vil diskutere videre!
@beathe
25
Referanser:
26
(1) Mörtberg, Christina och Due, Beathe (2004) Informationsteknologi och kön som prisma i
analyser av nordiska IT-policies, NIKK Småskrifter nr 9, http://www.nikk.no/wp-content/uploads/
NIKKpub2004_övriga_ssnr9.pdf
(2) Wade, Lisa (2013) What happened to All of the Women in Computer Science?, Pacific
Standard, http://www.psmag.com/business-economics/happened-women-computer-science-98057
(3) https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken
(4) http://e24.no/jobb/intel-bruker-2-3-milliarder-paa-aa-bli-mindre-hvit-og-gubbete/23369021
(5) http://www.cw.no/artikkel/it-bransjen/vi-trenger-mangfold-kvinner
(6) http://e24.no/digital/kvinner-faar-avsmak-av-it-bransjen-det-er-ikke-verdt-det/23402168
(7) http://www.cnet.com/news/google-commits-50-million-to-encouraging-girls-to-code/
(8) http://ndla.no/nb/node/97647
(9) http://tldr.no/16-bilder-som-viser-at-likestillingen-har-gatt-alt-for-langt/
(10) http://www.obiwankimberly.com/2010/03/24/celebrating-ada-lovelace-day-2010/
(11) http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf13327/pdf/tab33.pdf
(12) http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.405.9944&rep=rep1&type=pdf
(13) http://www.hf.uio.no/iakh/forskning/prosjekter/fosam/delprosjekter/marked_befolkning/
(14) http://www.ub.uib.no/prosj/mellomkrigstid/web-mellomkrigstid/politikk_og_samfunn/kvinnesak/
kvinnerimellomkrigstida.htm
(15) http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/Gode-husmodre-i-tidsriktige-hjem-6534944.html
Referanser:
27
(16) http://blog.bootstraptoday.com/2012/05/16/startups-are-not-small-versions-of-big-companies/
(17) Gürer, Denise (1995) Pioneering Women in Computer Sciences, Communications of the
ACM, http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/readings/p175-gurer.pdf
(18) http://blog.modernmechanix.com/apple-ad-what-kind-of-man-owns-his-own-computer/
(19) http://www.edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2014/11/did-computer-science-gender-gap-
begin-1984
(20) http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Facebook-protest-mot-jente-Lego-6736273.html
(21) Due, Beathe (2003) Et oppkomme av intetsigende sludder? Kritikk av kvinners telefonnummer
i norsk dagspresse, Hovedoppgave, UiO, https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/25129
(22) Frissen, Valerie (1995) "Gender is calling: Some Reflections of Past, Present and Future Uses
of the Telephone" I Keith Grint and Rosalind Gill (eds.), London, Taylor & Francis Ltd
(23) Kearney, Mary Celeste (2005) "Birds on the Wire", Cultural Studies, 19(5), s. 568-601.
(24) Lüders Marika, Lin Prøitz og Terje Rasmussen (2007), Personlige Medier. Livet mellom
skjermene, Gyldendal akademisk, Oslo, s. 36-55
(25) Martin, Michèle (1991) Hello, Central?: Gender, Technology and the Formation of Telephone
Systems. Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press.
(26) Marvin, Carolyn (1990). When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking About Electric
Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford
(27) http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_newspaper
(28) Castells, Manuel (2001) The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business, and
Society. Oxford, Oxford University Press
(29) http://www.forbes.com/sites/zheyanni/2014/05/28/the-most-powerful-women-in-tech-2014/
(30) http://www.kidsakoder.no/2013/09/27/kodeklubben-pa-kjelsas-hva-gjor-de-jentene-her-da/
(31) http://2014.leanstartup.co/

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Jenter og IT-bransjen 2015

  • 1. TALENTER I SPILL Nettverkskonferanse 2015, UiA 12. og 13. mars Jenter og IT 1 Foto: Bård Halvorsen
  • 2. Jenter og IT - en idéhistorie 2(1) Dagens utfordringer Et tilbakeblikk - hva skjedde? Forventninger til teknologi IT og jenter - Vi må lage flere historier
  • 3. Dagens utfordringer: 3 Kjønnsdelte studier For få kvinner som jobber i IT-bransjen Stereotype fremstillinger av kjønn (2)
  • 4. Større grunn til bekymring på helse- og sosialfag og lærerutdanningen enn tekniske fag 4 Kvinner Menn Lærerutdanning 27 337 (76%) 8723 (24%) Helse- og sosial 40 659 (79%) 10 851 (21%) Natur- vitenskapelige fag, håndverksfag og tekniske fag 13 946 (32%) 29 998 (68%) (3)
  • 5. Bekymringer for lite mangfold i IT-bransjen 5(4), (5), (6), (7)
  • 6. Samtidig fremstilles verden i rosa og lyseblått som lager trange rom for både jenter og gutter 6 «Gutter elsker teknologi og spill» «Jentene bygger relasjoner» (8), (9)
  • 7. Et tilbakeblikk viser at IT ikke er et "guttefag" 7 Kvinner var pionerer i computer sciences Under 2. verdenskrig var de fleste programmerere kvinner Kvinner ble ofte kalt "kalkulatorer" eller "computers" Det av en holdning til jenter om at de var mer strukturerte og detaljorienterte: "Programming requires lots of patience, persistence, and a capacity detail and those are traits that many girls have" (10), (11), (12)
  • 8. "There were no limitations to what you could accomplish. There was lots of vision and new ideals as to where the computer might be used. We looked at the computer as a universal problem-solving machine. It had some rules and an operating system, but it was up to you to program it to do whatever you wanted it to do." Mildred Koss, en av de første programmererne i UNIVersal Automatic Computers 8 Photo: http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/computing.html http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/readings/p175-gurer.pdf (10), (11), (12) En holdning til teknologi som minner om Lær Kidsa Koding!
  • 9. 9 “What’s funny about that period, I’m not sure who my boss was. This was such an unstructured environment… Once I had a child they let me continue to work the way I wanted to. I inferred from that I was of value to them. Nobody lets you work that way unless they are getting value. I got increases. I got paid fairly well. Eckert & Mauchly was pretty good that way… There were no models, they didn’t care how you worked. There were no preconceived notions as to the way you could contribute. You did not have to be in the office…. We did not have huge management teams. We did incredibly new and exciting things and nobody had a problem.” Kelly Moss, pioneer (10) En annerledes bedriftskultur
  • 10. 10 Hva skjedde? Nye kjønnsroller på 1950-tallet. IT-bransjen endret seg, hierarkisk, mannlige sjefer Personlige datamaskiner ble markedsført mot gutter - spill I tillegg ble dikotomiseringen av kjønn forsterket fra midten av 80-tallet (11), (12)
  • 11. Nye kjønnsroller - kvinner tilbake på kjøkkenet 11 selv om flere akademiske yrker og yrkesveier ble åpnet for kvinner samfunnet hadde behov for arbeidskraft sank andelen yrkesaktive kvinner i Norge og 1950-tallet blir omtalt som "husmortiåret" (13), (14), (15)
  • 12. Endrede bedriftsstrukturer i IT-bransjen 12 I artikkelen "Pionering Women in Computer Science" trekkes endringene i mannlig hierarkiske forretningsstrukturer frem som en årsak til at kvinner faset mer ut. Image Courtesy: http://blog.inigral.com(16), (17)
  • 13. Personlige datamaskiner markedsført mot gutter 13 "Rane Johnson-Stempson, the principal research director at Microsoft Research, said she believes the problem can be traced back to families' computer purchasing decisions in the 1980s and ’90s." (18), (19)
  • 14. Og hvor ble det av jenta med den selvkomponerte legofiguren? 14(20)
  • 15. 15 Det er knyttet forventninger til bruk av teknologi, hvem den skal brukes av og hvordan (21)
  • 16. Forventninger gjenspeiles i historiene som fortelles - eksempler fra da telefonen ble alminneliggjort 16 "Women particularly like to use the phone for long and intimate chats, while men tend to use the phone for instrumental reasons" (Frissen 1995:89) Kvinner ble utsatt for hets i USA, Kearney mener fordi deres bruk utfordret eksisterende maktstrukturer (Kearny 2005) I norsk dagspresse på 1920- og 30-tallet en mengde leserinnlegg om kvinners "feilaktige"bruk av offentlige telefoner (Due 2009) (22, (23), (24)
  • 17. Samtidig er det et mangfold av historier vi også kan fortelle, 17 om telefonaviser om telefonkonserter om telefongudstjenester (25), (26), (27)
  • 18. 18 "The wonderful thing about technology is that people end up doing with it something different from what was originally intended" (Castells 2001) (28)
  • 19. Fortsatt reproduserer vi myter om kjønn og teknologi, det er på tide å fortelle nye og mer mangfoldige historier om IT-fag og IT-bransjen 19
  • 20. 1. Synliggjøre og fortelle om gamle og nye rollemodeller 20(29)
  • 21. ...så vi unngår dette: 21 Kidsa koder på Kjelsås i 2013 (30)
  • 22. 2. Skape arenaer og møteplasser for læring 22
  • 24. Det viktigste vi kan gjøre er å skape et mangfold av fortellinger 24 vise hva teknologi kan brukes til la unge selv lage teknologi la unge bli kjent med hvordan teknologier skapes og skaper la unge åpne opp skjermer og bokser diskutere hva teknologi kan gjøre for hvem, hvordan og hvorfor skape engasjement og interesse for læring og mangfold prøv i hverdagen å snakke om interesser istedenfor å reprodusere stereotyper la jenter og gutter få like rosa, grønt og blått, smykker, biler, spill og lek som de vil, alt kan knyttes til teknologi uansett kjønn.
  • 25. Takk for meg! Bare ta kontakt om du vil diskutere videre! @beathe 25
  • 26. Referanser: 26 (1) Mörtberg, Christina och Due, Beathe (2004) Informationsteknologi och kön som prisma i analyser av nordiska IT-policies, NIKK Småskrifter nr 9, http://www.nikk.no/wp-content/uploads/ NIKKpub2004_övriga_ssnr9.pdf (2) Wade, Lisa (2013) What happened to All of the Women in Computer Science?, Pacific Standard, http://www.psmag.com/business-economics/happened-women-computer-science-98057 (3) https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken (4) http://e24.no/jobb/intel-bruker-2-3-milliarder-paa-aa-bli-mindre-hvit-og-gubbete/23369021 (5) http://www.cw.no/artikkel/it-bransjen/vi-trenger-mangfold-kvinner (6) http://e24.no/digital/kvinner-faar-avsmak-av-it-bransjen-det-er-ikke-verdt-det/23402168 (7) http://www.cnet.com/news/google-commits-50-million-to-encouraging-girls-to-code/ (8) http://ndla.no/nb/node/97647 (9) http://tldr.no/16-bilder-som-viser-at-likestillingen-har-gatt-alt-for-langt/ (10) http://www.obiwankimberly.com/2010/03/24/celebrating-ada-lovelace-day-2010/ (11) http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf13327/pdf/tab33.pdf (12) http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.405.9944&rep=rep1&type=pdf (13) http://www.hf.uio.no/iakh/forskning/prosjekter/fosam/delprosjekter/marked_befolkning/ (14) http://www.ub.uib.no/prosj/mellomkrigstid/web-mellomkrigstid/politikk_og_samfunn/kvinnesak/ kvinnerimellomkrigstida.htm (15) http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/Gode-husmodre-i-tidsriktige-hjem-6534944.html
  • 27. Referanser: 27 (16) http://blog.bootstraptoday.com/2012/05/16/startups-are-not-small-versions-of-big-companies/ (17) Gürer, Denise (1995) Pioneering Women in Computer Sciences, Communications of the ACM, http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/readings/p175-gurer.pdf (18) http://blog.modernmechanix.com/apple-ad-what-kind-of-man-owns-his-own-computer/ (19) http://www.edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2014/11/did-computer-science-gender-gap- begin-1984 (20) http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Facebook-protest-mot-jente-Lego-6736273.html (21) Due, Beathe (2003) Et oppkomme av intetsigende sludder? Kritikk av kvinners telefonnummer i norsk dagspresse, Hovedoppgave, UiO, https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/25129 (22) Frissen, Valerie (1995) "Gender is calling: Some Reflections of Past, Present and Future Uses of the Telephone" I Keith Grint and Rosalind Gill (eds.), London, Taylor & Francis Ltd (23) Kearney, Mary Celeste (2005) "Birds on the Wire", Cultural Studies, 19(5), s. 568-601. (24) Lüders Marika, Lin Prøitz og Terje Rasmussen (2007), Personlige Medier. Livet mellom skjermene, Gyldendal akademisk, Oslo, s. 36-55 (25) Martin, Michèle (1991) Hello, Central?: Gender, Technology and the Formation of Telephone Systems. Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press. (26) Marvin, Carolyn (1990). When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking About Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford (27) http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_newspaper (28) Castells, Manuel (2001) The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. Oxford, Oxford University Press (29) http://www.forbes.com/sites/zheyanni/2014/05/28/the-most-powerful-women-in-tech-2014/ (30) http://www.kidsakoder.no/2013/09/27/kodeklubben-pa-kjelsas-hva-gjor-de-jentene-her-da/ (31) http://2014.leanstartup.co/