The document summarizes several Java 5 features including generics, enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, typesafe enums, varargs, static imports, and annotations. It provides examples and explanations of each feature.
A minimal collection of most wanted and widely accepted idioms and coding conventions for C++ development presented with examples and explanations. The lecture targets performance oriented codes so emphasis is on performance-friendly techiques.
Topics covered:
1) Design issues: idioms and best practices
- Resource Aquisition Is Initialization (RAII)
- Ownership semantics and smart pointers
- Header files: dependencies and decoupling
2) Objects Construction/Destruction/Copying
- Designing constructors
- Rule Of Three
- Transactional programming
3) Namespaces
- ADL/Koenig Lookup
4) Static analyzers
This document discusses generics in Java. It begins by defining generics as a facility that allows types and methods to work with different types while maintaining compile-time type safety. It then shows an example of code using raw types that could result in exceptions at runtime due to improper type checking. The document explains how generics were introduced to address this issue by making type information like List<String> explicit. It also covers how generics are implemented internally and some of the key terminology like parameterized types, type erasure, wildcard types, raw types, bounded types, and generic methods. The document recommends always using parameterized types rather than raw types for type safety except in some specific cases.
The document provides an overview and summary of key features of C# classes, including:
- Class declaration syntax and default access levels
- Constructors and initializing fields
- Static and readonly fields
- Value and reference parameters
- Arrays as reference types that can be initialized with shorthand syntax
It also briefly discusses the System.Array base class and how to safely access elements in multi-dimensional arrays.
Generics were introduced in Java 5.0 to provide compile-time type safety and prevent runtime errors. The document discusses key features of generics like type erasure, type inference, subtype polymorphism, wildcard types, and generic methods. It analyzes data from open source projects to evaluate hypotheses about generics reducing type casts and code duplication. The findings show generics benefits were limited and adoption by projects and developers was uneven, with conversion of legacy code to use generics being uncommon.
Carol McDonald gave a presentation on the new features introduced in Java SE 5.0, including generics, autoboxing/unboxing, enhanced for loops, type-safe enumerations, varargs, and annotations. Generics allow type-safety when working with collections by specifying the collection element type. Autoboxing automatically converts between primitives and their corresponding wrapper types. The enhanced for loop simplifies iteration over collections. Type-safe enumerations provide an improved way of defining enum types. Varargs and annotations were also introduced to simplify coding patterns.
1. Generics in Java allow types (like lists and stacks) to operate on multiple type parameters, providing compile-time type safety without sacrificing performance.
2. Using generics avoids casting and reduces errors by catching type problems at compile time rather than runtime. It produces more readable and maintainable code.
3. The document demonstrates how to define a generic Stack class that works for any type rather than just Integers, avoiding code duplication and future bugs.
The document discusses the new features in C++11 including new language features such as rvalue references, decltype, lambdas, and auto; new library features such as smart pointers, regular expressions, and hash tables; and the status of support for C++11 in Visual Studio 2010 and 2012. It also discusses modern C++ style using features like lambdas, smart pointers, and move semantics.
A minimal collection of most wanted and widely accepted idioms and coding conventions for C++ development presented with examples and explanations. The lecture targets performance oriented codes so emphasis is on performance-friendly techiques.
Topics covered:
1) Design issues: idioms and best practices
- Resource Aquisition Is Initialization (RAII)
- Ownership semantics and smart pointers
- Header files: dependencies and decoupling
2) Objects Construction/Destruction/Copying
- Designing constructors
- Rule Of Three
- Transactional programming
3) Namespaces
- ADL/Koenig Lookup
4) Static analyzers
This document discusses generics in Java. It begins by defining generics as a facility that allows types and methods to work with different types while maintaining compile-time type safety. It then shows an example of code using raw types that could result in exceptions at runtime due to improper type checking. The document explains how generics were introduced to address this issue by making type information like List<String> explicit. It also covers how generics are implemented internally and some of the key terminology like parameterized types, type erasure, wildcard types, raw types, bounded types, and generic methods. The document recommends always using parameterized types rather than raw types for type safety except in some specific cases.
The document provides an overview and summary of key features of C# classes, including:
- Class declaration syntax and default access levels
- Constructors and initializing fields
- Static and readonly fields
- Value and reference parameters
- Arrays as reference types that can be initialized with shorthand syntax
It also briefly discusses the System.Array base class and how to safely access elements in multi-dimensional arrays.
Generics were introduced in Java 5.0 to provide compile-time type safety and prevent runtime errors. The document discusses key features of generics like type erasure, type inference, subtype polymorphism, wildcard types, and generic methods. It analyzes data from open source projects to evaluate hypotheses about generics reducing type casts and code duplication. The findings show generics benefits were limited and adoption by projects and developers was uneven, with conversion of legacy code to use generics being uncommon.
Carol McDonald gave a presentation on the new features introduced in Java SE 5.0, including generics, autoboxing/unboxing, enhanced for loops, type-safe enumerations, varargs, and annotations. Generics allow type-safety when working with collections by specifying the collection element type. Autoboxing automatically converts between primitives and their corresponding wrapper types. The enhanced for loop simplifies iteration over collections. Type-safe enumerations provide an improved way of defining enum types. Varargs and annotations were also introduced to simplify coding patterns.
1. Generics in Java allow types (like lists and stacks) to operate on multiple type parameters, providing compile-time type safety without sacrificing performance.
2. Using generics avoids casting and reduces errors by catching type problems at compile time rather than runtime. It produces more readable and maintainable code.
3. The document demonstrates how to define a generic Stack class that works for any type rather than just Integers, avoiding code duplication and future bugs.
The document discusses the new features in C++11 including new language features such as rvalue references, decltype, lambdas, and auto; new library features such as smart pointers, regular expressions, and hash tables; and the status of support for C++11 in Visual Studio 2010 and 2012. It also discusses modern C++ style using features like lambdas, smart pointers, and move semantics.
The emergence of support of functions and lambda expressions as first-class citizens in Java 8 gives us a tremendous opportunity to adapt the concepts of functional programming to the Java language.
This document provides an overview of several Java generics features including: generics allow compile-time type safety for collections without casting; the enhanced for loop automates use of iterators to avoid errors; autoboxing/unboxing avoids manual conversion between primitive types and wrapper types; typesafe enums provide benefits of the typesafe enum pattern; and examples of using generics with classes, methods, and collections.
- Exception handlers immediately follow a try block and are denoted by the catch keyword. Each catch clause handles a single exception type.
- Exception specifications inform users of the types of exceptions a function can throw. They use the throw keyword and appear after a function's argument list.
- The set_unexpected() and set_terminate() functions allow customizing the handlers called for unexpected exceptions and uncaught exceptions, respectively.
Enums should be used instead of int constants to represent a fixed set of values. Enums provide type safety and other advantages over int constants. There are a few different ways to implement methods for enums, including constant-specific implementations and using a switch statement. In some cases, a nested "strategy" enum can help share code between enum constants while avoiding duplicated code.
This document provides an overview of basic Java programming concepts including:
- Java programs require a main method inside a class and use print statements for output.
- Java has primitive data types like int and double as well as objects. Variables are declared with a type.
- Control structures like if/else and for loops work similarly to other languages. Methods can call themselves recursively.
- Basic input is done through dialog boxes and output through print statements. Formatting is available.
- Arrays are objects that store multiple values of a single type and know their own length. Strings are immutable character arrays.
••• Learn how to safely manage memory with smart pointers! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ the dangers of using raw pointers for dynamic memory
▸ the difference between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr
▸ how to use factories to increase safety and performance
▸ when raw pointers are still needed
The document discusses various Java programming concepts such as Hello World, primitive data types, variables, input/output, and control structures like if/else, switch/case, while loops. It provides examples of declaring and using variables, type casting between primitives, and commenting code. Various Java classes for input/output like Scanner and System.out are demonstrated.
[C++] The Curiously Recurring Template Pattern: Static Polymorphsim and Expre...Francesco Casalegno
••• Exploit the full potential of the CRTP! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ what is the curiously recurring template pattern
▸ the actual cost (memory and time) of virtual functions
▸ how to implement static polymorphism
▸ how to implement expression templates to avoid loops and copies
Java allows writing code once that can run on any platform. It compiles to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Key features include automatic memory management, object-oriented design, platform independence, security, and multi-threading. Classes are defined in .java files and compiled to .class files. The JVM interprets bytecode and uses just-in-time compilation to improve performance.
Smart pointers help solve memory management issues like leaks by automatically freeing memory when an object goes out of scope. They support the RAII idiom where resource acquisition is tied to object lifetime. Common smart pointers include std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, std::weak_ptr, which help avoid leaks from exceptions or cycles in object graphs. make_shared is preferable to separate allocation as it can allocate the object and control block together efficiently in one allocation.
Qcon2011 functions rockpresentation_scalaMichael Stal
Scala functions provide powerful ways to decompose problems and harness the benefits of functional programming. The presentation introduces core concepts of functional programming using Scala as an example language, highlighting how Scala combines object-oriented and functional programming. It presents benefits like immutability, higher-order functions, and improved concurrency while avoiding past performance issues through modern virtual machines and libraries.
This document provides an overview of Java generics through examples. It begins with simple examples demonstrating how generics can be used to define container classes (BoxPrinter) and pair classes (Pair). It discusses benefits like type safety and avoiding duplication. Further examples show generics with methods and limitations like erasure. Wildcard types are presented as a way to address subtyping issues. In general, generics provide flexibility in coding but their syntax can sometimes be complex to read.
••• Boost your code's performances using C++11 new features! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ the difference between an Lvalue and Rvalue
▸ how to use std::move, std::forward, noexcept
▸ how to implement move semantics to avoid useless copies
▸ how to implement perfect forwarding for the factory pattern
JAVA Tutorial- Do's and Don'ts of Java programmingKeshav Kumar
Whether you program regularly in Java, and know it like the back of your hand, or whether you’re new to the language or a casual programmer, you’ll make mistakes. The purpose of this webinar is to talk about some Do's and Don'ts of Java programming.
The webinar will cover the following areas:
- Top 10 mistakes made by Java programmers – How to avoid them
- Core Java- Best Practices – This covers good and bad practices both
- How to prepare for Java Interviews and Sun Java Exams
- Q&A
Key learnings from this webinar:
- It will benefit both junior and senior java professionals so that they don’t make common errors
- Clarity of concepts of Java
- Better awareness of best practices of Java
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key features such as platform independence, object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and polymorphism, automatic memory management, and security features. It also covers basic Java concepts like primitive data types, variables, operators, flow control statements, methods, and classes.
The document summarizes new features introduced in Java 5, including generics for type-safe collections, enhanced for-each loops, auto-boxing/unboxing of primitive types, typesafe enums, variable arguments, static imports, annotations, and improved formatted output. It provides code examples to illustrate how these new features improve on and replace older styles in Java.
Generic Types in Java (for ArtClub @ArtBrains Software)Andrew Petryk
This document discusses generics in Java. It provides an overview of generics, including:
- How generics allow for stronger type checking and elimination of casts compared to non-generic code.
- The benefits of generics include type safety and implementation of generic algorithms.
- Key concepts related to generics include type erasure, bounds/restrictions, wildcards, and type inference.
- Examples are provided to illustrate generic classes, methods, and common issues like heap pollution.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the Java programming language, including:
- Java is an object-oriented language that is simpler than C++ and supports features like platform independence.
- The Java development environment includes tools for compiling, debugging, and running Java programs.
- Java programs work with basic data types like int and double, as well as user-defined classes, variables, and arrays.
- The document explains operators, control structures, formatting output, and the basics of classes and objects in Java.
The emergence of support of functions and lambda expressions as first-class citizens in Java 8 gives us a tremendous opportunity to adapt the concepts of functional programming to the Java language.
This document provides an overview of several Java generics features including: generics allow compile-time type safety for collections without casting; the enhanced for loop automates use of iterators to avoid errors; autoboxing/unboxing avoids manual conversion between primitive types and wrapper types; typesafe enums provide benefits of the typesafe enum pattern; and examples of using generics with classes, methods, and collections.
- Exception handlers immediately follow a try block and are denoted by the catch keyword. Each catch clause handles a single exception type.
- Exception specifications inform users of the types of exceptions a function can throw. They use the throw keyword and appear after a function's argument list.
- The set_unexpected() and set_terminate() functions allow customizing the handlers called for unexpected exceptions and uncaught exceptions, respectively.
Enums should be used instead of int constants to represent a fixed set of values. Enums provide type safety and other advantages over int constants. There are a few different ways to implement methods for enums, including constant-specific implementations and using a switch statement. In some cases, a nested "strategy" enum can help share code between enum constants while avoiding duplicated code.
This document provides an overview of basic Java programming concepts including:
- Java programs require a main method inside a class and use print statements for output.
- Java has primitive data types like int and double as well as objects. Variables are declared with a type.
- Control structures like if/else and for loops work similarly to other languages. Methods can call themselves recursively.
- Basic input is done through dialog boxes and output through print statements. Formatting is available.
- Arrays are objects that store multiple values of a single type and know their own length. Strings are immutable character arrays.
••• Learn how to safely manage memory with smart pointers! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ the dangers of using raw pointers for dynamic memory
▸ the difference between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr
▸ how to use factories to increase safety and performance
▸ when raw pointers are still needed
The document discusses various Java programming concepts such as Hello World, primitive data types, variables, input/output, and control structures like if/else, switch/case, while loops. It provides examples of declaring and using variables, type casting between primitives, and commenting code. Various Java classes for input/output like Scanner and System.out are demonstrated.
[C++] The Curiously Recurring Template Pattern: Static Polymorphsim and Expre...Francesco Casalegno
••• Exploit the full potential of the CRTP! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ what is the curiously recurring template pattern
▸ the actual cost (memory and time) of virtual functions
▸ how to implement static polymorphism
▸ how to implement expression templates to avoid loops and copies
Java allows writing code once that can run on any platform. It compiles to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Key features include automatic memory management, object-oriented design, platform independence, security, and multi-threading. Classes are defined in .java files and compiled to .class files. The JVM interprets bytecode and uses just-in-time compilation to improve performance.
Smart pointers help solve memory management issues like leaks by automatically freeing memory when an object goes out of scope. They support the RAII idiom where resource acquisition is tied to object lifetime. Common smart pointers include std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, std::weak_ptr, which help avoid leaks from exceptions or cycles in object graphs. make_shared is preferable to separate allocation as it can allocate the object and control block together efficiently in one allocation.
Qcon2011 functions rockpresentation_scalaMichael Stal
Scala functions provide powerful ways to decompose problems and harness the benefits of functional programming. The presentation introduces core concepts of functional programming using Scala as an example language, highlighting how Scala combines object-oriented and functional programming. It presents benefits like immutability, higher-order functions, and improved concurrency while avoiding past performance issues through modern virtual machines and libraries.
This document provides an overview of Java generics through examples. It begins with simple examples demonstrating how generics can be used to define container classes (BoxPrinter) and pair classes (Pair). It discusses benefits like type safety and avoiding duplication. Further examples show generics with methods and limitations like erasure. Wildcard types are presented as a way to address subtyping issues. In general, generics provide flexibility in coding but their syntax can sometimes be complex to read.
••• Boost your code's performances using C++11 new features! •••
In this presentation you will learn:
▸ the difference between an Lvalue and Rvalue
▸ how to use std::move, std::forward, noexcept
▸ how to implement move semantics to avoid useless copies
▸ how to implement perfect forwarding for the factory pattern
JAVA Tutorial- Do's and Don'ts of Java programmingKeshav Kumar
Whether you program regularly in Java, and know it like the back of your hand, or whether you’re new to the language or a casual programmer, you’ll make mistakes. The purpose of this webinar is to talk about some Do's and Don'ts of Java programming.
The webinar will cover the following areas:
- Top 10 mistakes made by Java programmers – How to avoid them
- Core Java- Best Practices – This covers good and bad practices both
- How to prepare for Java Interviews and Sun Java Exams
- Q&A
Key learnings from this webinar:
- It will benefit both junior and senior java professionals so that they don’t make common errors
- Clarity of concepts of Java
- Better awareness of best practices of Java
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key features such as platform independence, object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and polymorphism, automatic memory management, and security features. It also covers basic Java concepts like primitive data types, variables, operators, flow control statements, methods, and classes.
The document summarizes new features introduced in Java 5, including generics for type-safe collections, enhanced for-each loops, auto-boxing/unboxing of primitive types, typesafe enums, variable arguments, static imports, annotations, and improved formatted output. It provides code examples to illustrate how these new features improve on and replace older styles in Java.
Generic Types in Java (for ArtClub @ArtBrains Software)Andrew Petryk
This document discusses generics in Java. It provides an overview of generics, including:
- How generics allow for stronger type checking and elimination of casts compared to non-generic code.
- The benefits of generics include type safety and implementation of generic algorithms.
- Key concepts related to generics include type erasure, bounds/restrictions, wildcards, and type inference.
- Examples are provided to illustrate generic classes, methods, and common issues like heap pollution.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the Java programming language, including:
- Java is an object-oriented language that is simpler than C++ and supports features like platform independence.
- The Java development environment includes tools for compiling, debugging, and running Java programs.
- Java programs work with basic data types like int and double, as well as user-defined classes, variables, and arrays.
- The document explains operators, control structures, formatting output, and the basics of classes and objects in Java.
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and streams to support functional programming. Interfaces can now contain default and static methods to allow multiple inheritance. Streams provide a way to process collections of data elements sequentially and support parallel processing.
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, which allow functional-style programming in Java through functional interfaces containing a single abstract method, streams, which provide a way to process collections of objects in a declarative way, and default and static methods in interfaces to enable multiple inheritance. The document provides examples of using these new Java 8 features such as lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default and static methods in interfaces.
The document summarizes several new features and enhancements in Java SE 5.0 including enhanced for loops, autoboxing/unboxing, generics, typesafe enumerations, static imports, metadata, variable arguments, formatted output, and enhanced input. Some key features are generics provide compile-time type safety for collections, enums generate classes that implement interfaces like Comparable, and the Scanner class allows easier reading of input.
The document discusses several core Java concepts including:
1) Comments in Java code can be single-line or multiline javadoc comments.
2) Classes are fundamental in Java and describe data objects and methods that can be applied to objects.
3) Variables and methods have scopes determined by curly braces and a variable is only available within its scope.
The document describes operator overloading in C++. It discusses how operators can be used with user-defined classes by defining operator functions as class members or non-member functions. It provides examples of overloading stream insertion and extraction operators, unary operators, and binary operators. It also presents a case study of overloading operators for an Array class to add capabilities like range checking and deep copying of arrays.
Clarozon Technologies final year project center in coimbatore The mixtures of dynamic professionals have made CLAROZON TECHNOLOGIES standout from the competition. We have a team dedicated to share and infuse knowledge into Brains. With subject ideas and experts concentrating on their areas of experience, we are transforming in a unique way.
This document provides a summary of key Java concepts including primitive data types, arrays, classes, methods, variables, operators, comments, wrapper classes, class member accessibility, access modifiers, arrays, the null value, classes, methods, variables, operators, comments, flow control statements, program structure, keywords, operator precedence, scanner class methods, converting strings to numbers, event listeners, swing components, JComboBox methods, and Java packages. It also includes examples of various Java concepts.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation about Java. It discusses Java history, object-oriented programming concepts like classes and interfaces, inheritance and polymorphism, exception handling, primitive types and wrappers, inner classes, generics, and new features introduced since Java 5 such as varargs, enhanced for loops, annotations, and auto boxing/unboxing. The presentation covers these topics over multiple slides with code examples.
JAVA Tutorial- Do's and Don'ts of Java programmingKeshav Kumar
Whether you program regularly in Java, and know it like the back of your hand, or whether you’re new to the language or a casual programmer, you’ll make mistakes. The purpose of this webinar is to talk about some Do's and Don'ts of Java programming.
The webinar will cover the following areas:
- Top 10 mistakes made by Java programmers – How to avoid them
- Core Java- Best Practices – This covers good and bad practices both
- How to prepare for Java Interviews and Sun Java Exams
- Q&A
Key learnings from this webinar:
- It will benefit both junior and senior java professionals so that they don’t make common errors
- Clarity of concepts of Java
- Better awareness of best practices of Java
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the C# programming language including variables and data types, arrays, conditional logic, loops, methods, parameters, and delegates. It discusses basic syntax, operators, and how to perform common tasks like type conversions and working with dates and strings. The goal is to give readers enough information to get started with C# as well as refer back to for language details while working through ASP.NET examples.
This document provides an introduction to Scala concepts and features compared to Java, including how to set up Scala, the Simple Build Tool (SBT), case classes, lazy definitions, imports, objects, pattern matching, collections, higher-order functions, partial functions, currying, implicit conversions, and implicit parameters. Useful Scala resources are also listed.
...............
FloatArrays.java :
ckage csi213.lab05;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* This {@code FloatArrays} class provides methods for manipulating {@code Float} arrays.
*/
public class FloatArrays {
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the bubble sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
*/
public static void bubbleSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int last = a.length - 1; last >= 1; last--) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the selection sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
* @param out
* a {@code PrintStream} to show the array at the end of each pass
*/
public static void selectionSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int last = a.length - 1; last >= 1; last--) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the quick sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
* @param out
* a {@code PrintStream} to show the array at the end of each pass
*/
public static void quickSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int index = 1; index <= a.length - 1; index++) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* The main method of the {@code FloatArrays} class.
*
* @param args
* the program arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
float[] a = { 5.3F, 3.8F, 1.2F, 2.7F, 4.99F };
bubbleSort(Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length));
System.out.println();
selectionSort(Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length));
System.out.println();
quickSort(Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length));
System.out.println();
}
}
ckage csi213.lab05;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* This {@code FloatArrays} class provides methods for manipulating {@code Float} arrays.
*/
public class FloatArrays {
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the bubble sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
*/
public static void bubbleSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int last = a.length - 1; last >= 1; last--) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the selection sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
* @param out
* a {@code PrintStream} to show the array at the end of each pass
*/
public static void selectionSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int last = a.length - 1; last >= 1; last--) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* Sorts the specified array using the quick sort algorithm.
*
* @param a
* an {@code Float} array
* @param out
* a {@code PrintStream} to show the array at the end of each pass
*/
public static void quickSort(float[] a) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
for (int index = 1; index <= a.length - 1; index++) {
// TODO: add some code here
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
/**
* The main method of the {@code FloatArr.
This document provides an introduction to learning Java, including:
- An overview of Java as an object-oriented language developed by Sun Microsystems, featuring a virtual machine, portability, and memory management.
- Instructions for compiling and running a simple "Hello World" Java program from the command line.
- Explanations of Java programming basics like classes, methods, variables, operators, and control structures.
The document discusses Java classes and objects. It explains that a class describes data objects and operations that can be applied to those objects. Every object and method in Java belongs to a class. Classes have data fields and code methods. Constructors are used to create or construct instances of a class and are differentiated by their arguments. The document also provides examples of classes, methods, and constructors.
The document discusses UNIX processes and related concepts:
1. A UNIX process consists of text, data, and stack segments in memory, and has a process table entry containing process-specific data like file descriptors and environment variables.
2. Processes are started by a kernel which calls a startup routine before main(). Processes can terminate normally via return, exit(), or _exit(), or abnormally via abort() or signals.
3. Functions like atexit(), setjmp(), longjmp(), getrlimit(), and setrlimit() allow processes to register exit handlers, transfer control between functions, and set resource limits.
This presentation considers certain specific features of C++11 and additions to STL library (uniform initialization, new containers and methods, move semantics).
Presentation by Taras Protsiv (Software Engineer, GlobalLogic), Kyiv, delivered at GlobalLogic C++ TechTalk in Lviv, September 18, 2014.
More details -
http://www.globallogic.com.ua/press-releases/lviv-cpp-techtalk-coverage
3. Generics List myIntList = new LinkedList(); // 1 myIntList.add(new Integer(0)); // 2 Integer x = (Integer) myIntList.iterator().next(); // 3 The idea behind generics is to enable the programmer to express his intention List<Integer> myIntList = new LinkedList<Integer>(); // 1 myIntList.add(new Integer(0)); //2 Integer x = myIntList.iterator().next(); // 3 – No cast required Compiler can check the type correctness at compile time. Improved readability and robustness. Introduction Cluttered Runtime error