Ivey-sol® SEORTM is a surfactant technology that enhances oil recovery from reservoirs. It was developed in the 1990s and has been shown to increase oil recovery by 400-1200% compared to conventional extraction. The surfactant works by desorbing stranded oil from soils and rocks underground, making it available for extraction. Field trials have demonstrated its ability to rapidly increase oil recovery from contaminated land and its potential to improve production from oil fields. The document proposes a pilot project to demonstrate how Ivey-sol® SEORTM can increase recovery from a marginal well.
Aquapharm Chemicals Pvt. Ltd produces Aquacid SI 113 EX, an aminomethylene phosphonic acid salt that is an effective scale inhibitor for calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, and iron scales at high temperatures. It can also inhibit corrosion as it is applied in cooling water systems, boilers, water floods, and drilling systems. Aquacid SI 113 EX has high calcium tolerance, provides good scale inhibition, and has little effect on drilling mud viscosity, making it suitable for continuous treatment in oil fields.
The document discusses various technologies for reducing emissions from ship engines, including those that reduce NOx and SOx emissions. It discusses methods such as humid air injection, exhaust gas recirculation, water injection, and selective catalytic reduction to reduce NOx. It discusses using low-sulfur fuels and exhaust gas scrubbers to reduce SOx. It also discusses liquefied natural gas carriers and technologies for reliquefying boil-off gas, including multi-stage compression and closed-loop nitrogen cycles to efficiently re-liquefy gas.
The document discusses a polymer flooding project in the Bohai Bay offshore oilfield in China. It summarizes that the project used a hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWP) for polymer flooding due to challenges of high salinity water and highly viscous oil. The HAWP demonstrated good viscosification, solubility even at high salinity, resistance to mechanical degradation, long-term thermal stability, and could be treated from produced fluids. The polymer flooding project using HAWP achieved a decrease in water cut and increase in oil production for the wells.
The document discusses the use of formate brines, specifically cesium formate brine, as drilling, completion and suspension fluids for deep, high pressure high temperature (HPHT) gas wells. Cesium formate brine provides benefits such as stability at high temperatures, compatibility with reservoirs, and less corrosion and damage compared to other brines. It has been used successfully in over 50 HPHT gas field developments worldwide, enabling improved well construction methods like open hole completions.
Pavement Preservation - carbon footprintRoadman Paul
This document discusses the environmental impacts of asphalt road construction and maintenance. It notes that refining oil and manufacturing asphalt release large amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. It also depletes aggregate resources. The document promotes the use of Reclamite, a pavement preservative sealant that can extend the life of roads, requiring fewer overlays that use additional raw materials and fuel. Reclamite has a lower carbon footprint than traditional overlays since it is applied in a simple process using existing roads and can postpone more intensive rehabilitation. It also improves pavement performance characteristics like skid resistance and reduces the need for winter road chemicals.
Drill and complete wells faster with clear formate brines John Downs
Clear formate brines drill and complete oil wells and gas wells much faster than conventional drilling muds and completion fluids. Formate brines reduce HPHT well drilling and completion times by weeks.
This document summarizes a study on applying a low salinity water injection system in the Clair oil field in the North Sea. It describes the field geology, the low salinity water injection process which improves oil recovery through cation exchange, and simulation results showing the low salinity system significantly improves recovery factors, oil production rates, and cumulative oil production over a conventional water injection system. Specifically, low salinity injection was found to increase recovery factor by 12%, daily oil rates by 100%, and cumulative oil production by 382 million barrels compared to conventional injection.
Aquapharm Chemicals Pvt. Ltd produces Aquacid SI 113 EX, an aminomethylene phosphonic acid salt that is an effective scale inhibitor for calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, and iron scales at high temperatures. It can also inhibit corrosion as it is applied in cooling water systems, boilers, water floods, and drilling systems. Aquacid SI 113 EX has high calcium tolerance, provides good scale inhibition, and has little effect on drilling mud viscosity, making it suitable for continuous treatment in oil fields.
The document discusses various technologies for reducing emissions from ship engines, including those that reduce NOx and SOx emissions. It discusses methods such as humid air injection, exhaust gas recirculation, water injection, and selective catalytic reduction to reduce NOx. It discusses using low-sulfur fuels and exhaust gas scrubbers to reduce SOx. It also discusses liquefied natural gas carriers and technologies for reliquefying boil-off gas, including multi-stage compression and closed-loop nitrogen cycles to efficiently re-liquefy gas.
The document discusses a polymer flooding project in the Bohai Bay offshore oilfield in China. It summarizes that the project used a hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWP) for polymer flooding due to challenges of high salinity water and highly viscous oil. The HAWP demonstrated good viscosification, solubility even at high salinity, resistance to mechanical degradation, long-term thermal stability, and could be treated from produced fluids. The polymer flooding project using HAWP achieved a decrease in water cut and increase in oil production for the wells.
The document discusses the use of formate brines, specifically cesium formate brine, as drilling, completion and suspension fluids for deep, high pressure high temperature (HPHT) gas wells. Cesium formate brine provides benefits such as stability at high temperatures, compatibility with reservoirs, and less corrosion and damage compared to other brines. It has been used successfully in over 50 HPHT gas field developments worldwide, enabling improved well construction methods like open hole completions.
Pavement Preservation - carbon footprintRoadman Paul
This document discusses the environmental impacts of asphalt road construction and maintenance. It notes that refining oil and manufacturing asphalt release large amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. It also depletes aggregate resources. The document promotes the use of Reclamite, a pavement preservative sealant that can extend the life of roads, requiring fewer overlays that use additional raw materials and fuel. Reclamite has a lower carbon footprint than traditional overlays since it is applied in a simple process using existing roads and can postpone more intensive rehabilitation. It also improves pavement performance characteristics like skid resistance and reduces the need for winter road chemicals.
Drill and complete wells faster with clear formate brines John Downs
Clear formate brines drill and complete oil wells and gas wells much faster than conventional drilling muds and completion fluids. Formate brines reduce HPHT well drilling and completion times by weeks.
This document summarizes a study on applying a low salinity water injection system in the Clair oil field in the North Sea. It describes the field geology, the low salinity water injection process which improves oil recovery through cation exchange, and simulation results showing the low salinity system significantly improves recovery factors, oil production rates, and cumulative oil production over a conventional water injection system. Specifically, low salinity injection was found to increase recovery factor by 12%, daily oil rates by 100%, and cumulative oil production by 382 million barrels compared to conventional injection.
Clean World Innovations offers water treatment systems using electrocoagulation (EC) that are highly effective at treating wastewater from oil and natural gas production. EC removes a wide variety of contaminants and achieves over 99.999% removal of pathogens. EC produces less sludge than conventional methods and the sludge meets standards for non-hazardous waste disposal.
Clean World Innovations offers water treatment systems using electrocoagulation (EC) that are highly effective at treating wastewater from oil and natural gas production. EC removes a wide variety of contaminants and achieves over 99.999% removal of pathogens. EC produces less sludge than conventional methods and the sludge meets standards for non-hazardous waste disposal.
Crude Oil Emulsion Treatment by the Application of Chemical DemulsifiersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the treatment of crude oil emulsions through the use of chemical demulsifiers. Crude oil is often produced along with water, forming emulsions that must be treated before transportation or refining. The author tests five different chemical demulsifiers - lime, carrot oil, alum, detergent, and camphor - using the bottle test method to determine the most effective option. Results show that lime demulsifier separated the emulsion into clear oil and water phases in the shortest time (1 minute) using the least amount (0.4 mL) of demulsifier, and is therefore recommended for treating the light, sweet crude oil emulsion samples from Umuseti Well 6 in Delta State, Nigeria.
This presentation discusses enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, which are used to extract additional oil from reservoirs beyond primary and secondary recovery. EOR methods include thermal injection like steam flooding, chemical injection using polymers or surfactants, and gas injection using carbon dioxide. Steam flooding is the most common thermal method, using steam to heat and liquefy thick crude oil. Chemical injection helps lower tensions and mobilize oil droplets. Gas injection, like CO2 flooding, dissolves gases in oil to lower its viscosity. While EOR extends oil production and is often economically viable, challenges include equipment corrosion and gas storage.
FloWell is a non-toxic aqueous solution that disperses paraffin wax deposits in crude oil pipelines and wells, returning the wax to the oil's liquid phase. It improves oil production rates and reduces maintenance costs. The document describes a case study where FloWell treatment increased an oil well's production from 170 to 265 barrels per day, lowered torque on the pump, and paid for itself over 45 times based on increased revenue from extra oil extracted. FloWell also proved 100% effective in removing wax deposits from a gas condensate stream.
The document is a report on enhanced oil recovery through caustic flooding submitted by Dhiman Kakati. It discusses the mechanisms of caustic flooding including reduction of oil-water interfacial tension through formation of in-situ surfactants. Experiments were conducted to measure the interfacial tension between Assam crude oil and an aqueous solution of 1% sodium bicarbonate using a spinning drop tensiometer. The results showed that interfacial tension remained constant for a fixed rotational speed but increased with increasing drop diameter. The report concludes that Assam crude oil would be responsive to caustic flooding based on the experimental observations and outlines some key factors for effective implementation of caustic flooding in oil reservoirs.
How does QuickFlo work?
When mixed with adequate amounts of good crude oil and agitated, QuickFlo breaks down paraffin causing it to return to the crude oil solution where it remains in solution until refining takes place. Furthermore, one of the major added benefits for QuickFlo applications is a reduction in viscosity apparent in the oil that has been treated. This will improve all aspects of production from the treatment point all the way through the flow lines to the refinery!
Not only does our product work efficiently, it can be proven to be one of the most cost-effective paraffin treatments available to the industry.
This document provides an introduction to alkaline injection for enhanced oil recovery. It discusses the history of alkaline flooding which dates back to the 1920s. Enhanced oil recovery techniques like alkaline flooding are used to extract additional oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery leave between 30-70% of oil unrecovered. The document outlines different types of EOR including thermal, gas injection, and chemical injection methods. It provides an overview of alkaline flooding and discusses how alkalis work on a chemical level to improve oil recovery through mechanisms like emulsification, wettability alteration, and chemical precipitation. The contents section lists the various topics that will be covered in the document related to alkaline injection characteristics, mechanisms of action, figures, tables, and
Alkaline flooding is a chemical EOR method that involves injecting alkaline chemicals like sodium hydroxide, sodium orthosillicate, or sodium carbonate during water or polymer flooding. The chemicals react with certain types of oil to form surfactants that reduce interfacial tension and increase oil production. It works best for oil with relatively high acid content in reservoirs that meet criteria like permeability above 20 md, depth less than 9,000 feet, and temperature below 200 degrees F. A newer variant, alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding, combines alkali with surfactant and polymer for an effective and less costly form of EOR.
The document discusses the process of re-refining used lubricating oil. It is a 3 step process where (1) water, solids, lighter oils are removed through dehydration and diesel stripping, (2) the lubricating oil fractions are distilled and condensed, and (3) aromatic contaminants are extracted using N-methylpyrolidone. The re-refined oil is then blended with additives to enhance its lubricating properties and meet specifications.
The document discusses various methods for recovering heavy oil and bitumen reserves, which are crucial to future petroleum supply as conventional reserves decline. It notes that Canada and Venezuela have the largest heavy oil reserves worldwide. Steam injection and in-situ combustion are described as common thermal methods to reduce viscosity and improve mobility. SAGD and VAPEX are highlighted as advanced thermal and non-thermal techniques using horizontal well pairs to extract heavy oil via gravity drainage. Challenges of each method are also summarized.
This paper discusses a single-phase microemulsion technology for cleaning oil- or synthetic-based mud filter cakes in a single step. Laboratory tests showed that microemulsions incorporating oil, surfactants, brine and acid could solubilize oil-based mud, make filter cake solids water-wet, and remove acid-soluble particles in one treatment. Sandpack and filtration cell tests demonstrated the microemulsions restored over 90% of original water injection permeability after cleaning oil-based mud filter cakes. The single-phase microemulsion technology allows efficient filter cake clean-up in a single step compared to traditional multiple step methods.
Demulsifiers are specialty chemicals used to separate water emulsified in crude oil. They are important for removing water before refining as water causes corrosion. The global market for oilfield chemicals, including demulsifiers, is growing as drilling and production increase worldwide. Demulsifier effectiveness depends on properties of the crude like viscosity, density, stabilizing components, pH, salt concentration, and presence of solids, which determine emulsion stability. Proper demulsification is necessary to prevent operational and processing problems from transporting and refining emulsified crude oils.
Enhanced oil recovery techniques like miscible gas injection can be used to extract additional oil from reservoirs. Carbon dioxide flooding involves restoring reservoir pressure with water injection and then injecting CO2 to form a miscible front that dissolves in the oil. Cyclic CO2 stimulation uses repeated injection and production cycles to reduce oil viscosity. Nitrogen flooding works for light oil reservoirs by vaporizing oil components to create a miscible nitrogen front. The conditions for miscibility depend on pressure, temperature, and fluid compositions as represented on phase diagrams.
Notes on used oil re refining aug 2017 with api prsnt attachedM Hussam Adeni
Used oil can be re-refined through various processes to remove contaminants and produce re-refined base oils. Re-refining involves distillation processes like wiped film evaporation and vacuum distillation to separate base oils from other materials in used oil. The resulting re-refined base oils can be of similar or even better quality than virgin base oils and are capable of meeting industry specifications when used to formulate engine oils. Re-refined base oils offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to disposal of used oils.
EOR methods involve injecting various substances into oil fields to increase the amount of oil extracted. Primary recovery uses natural reservoir pressure to extract 5-10% of oil. Secondary recovery injects water or gas to extract an additional 25-30% of oil. Tertiary recovery injects different materials like steam, CO2, polymers or surfactants to extract another 20-30% of oil remaining after primary and secondary recovery. The three main EOR categories are thermal, gas, and chemical injection. Thermal injection uses heat to reduce oil viscosity while gas injection uses gases like CO2, nitrogen or natural gas to increase oil recovery. Chemical injection uses polymers, alkali or surfactants to improve oil mobility.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods aim to increase the amount of crude oil extracted from oil fields. There are three main EOR categories - thermal, which uses heat to extract oil; miscible, which uses gases like CO2 or nitrogen to extract oil; and chemical, which uses polymers, surfactants or alkalis. Common EOR techniques include gas injection, thermal injection like steam flooding, and chemical injection like polymer flooding. EOR selection depends on factors like reservoir depth, viscosity, and permeability. Thermal methods recover additional 20-30% of oil, while chemical/miscible methods recover additional 20-30% of oil remaining after primary/secondary recovery.
- QuicksilverUSA develops a proprietary blend called Quicksilver that remediates paraffin wax precipitation in oil and gas wells by returning the wax to liquid phase.
- Quicksilver cleans wells of wax buildup in under 24 hours without requiring removal of other contaminants like some other cleaners. The wax becomes part of the saleable hydrocarbon stream.
- Quicksilver has been shown to increase well production by 20% or more in some cases with one well seeing a 75% increase and a reported ROI of less than 2 days for one client.
This document summarizes a patent from 1957 regarding improvements to the froth flotation process for concentrating uranium ores. It describes using an emulsified oil with an anionic emulsifying agent and insoluble hydrocarbon oil to concentrate ores containing uranium minerals like davidite. The process was more efficient than previous gravity methods. It allows the production of concentrates with sufficiently high grade and recovery to make the concentration process economic.
This document summarizes a patent from 1957 regarding improvements to the froth flotation process for concentrating uranium ores. Specifically, it describes using an emulsified mixture of an anionic emulsifying agent like sodium oleate, an insoluble hydrocarbon oil like fuel oil, and a stabilizing agent like cresylic acid. This allows for a simpler, more efficient process to produce uranium concentrates from low-grade ores compared to previous gravity separation methods. As an example, it provides details on treating an Australian davidite ore using specific amounts of sulphonated whale oil, linoleic acid, fuel oil, and cresylic acid to produce a 23% uranium concentrate.
Clean World Innovations offers water treatment systems using electrocoagulation (EC) that are highly effective at treating wastewater from oil and natural gas production. EC removes a wide variety of contaminants and achieves over 99.999% removal of pathogens. EC produces less sludge than conventional methods and the sludge meets standards for non-hazardous waste disposal.
Clean World Innovations offers water treatment systems using electrocoagulation (EC) that are highly effective at treating wastewater from oil and natural gas production. EC removes a wide variety of contaminants and achieves over 99.999% removal of pathogens. EC produces less sludge than conventional methods and the sludge meets standards for non-hazardous waste disposal.
Crude Oil Emulsion Treatment by the Application of Chemical DemulsifiersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the treatment of crude oil emulsions through the use of chemical demulsifiers. Crude oil is often produced along with water, forming emulsions that must be treated before transportation or refining. The author tests five different chemical demulsifiers - lime, carrot oil, alum, detergent, and camphor - using the bottle test method to determine the most effective option. Results show that lime demulsifier separated the emulsion into clear oil and water phases in the shortest time (1 minute) using the least amount (0.4 mL) of demulsifier, and is therefore recommended for treating the light, sweet crude oil emulsion samples from Umuseti Well 6 in Delta State, Nigeria.
This presentation discusses enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, which are used to extract additional oil from reservoirs beyond primary and secondary recovery. EOR methods include thermal injection like steam flooding, chemical injection using polymers or surfactants, and gas injection using carbon dioxide. Steam flooding is the most common thermal method, using steam to heat and liquefy thick crude oil. Chemical injection helps lower tensions and mobilize oil droplets. Gas injection, like CO2 flooding, dissolves gases in oil to lower its viscosity. While EOR extends oil production and is often economically viable, challenges include equipment corrosion and gas storage.
FloWell is a non-toxic aqueous solution that disperses paraffin wax deposits in crude oil pipelines and wells, returning the wax to the oil's liquid phase. It improves oil production rates and reduces maintenance costs. The document describes a case study where FloWell treatment increased an oil well's production from 170 to 265 barrels per day, lowered torque on the pump, and paid for itself over 45 times based on increased revenue from extra oil extracted. FloWell also proved 100% effective in removing wax deposits from a gas condensate stream.
The document is a report on enhanced oil recovery through caustic flooding submitted by Dhiman Kakati. It discusses the mechanisms of caustic flooding including reduction of oil-water interfacial tension through formation of in-situ surfactants. Experiments were conducted to measure the interfacial tension between Assam crude oil and an aqueous solution of 1% sodium bicarbonate using a spinning drop tensiometer. The results showed that interfacial tension remained constant for a fixed rotational speed but increased with increasing drop diameter. The report concludes that Assam crude oil would be responsive to caustic flooding based on the experimental observations and outlines some key factors for effective implementation of caustic flooding in oil reservoirs.
How does QuickFlo work?
When mixed with adequate amounts of good crude oil and agitated, QuickFlo breaks down paraffin causing it to return to the crude oil solution where it remains in solution until refining takes place. Furthermore, one of the major added benefits for QuickFlo applications is a reduction in viscosity apparent in the oil that has been treated. This will improve all aspects of production from the treatment point all the way through the flow lines to the refinery!
Not only does our product work efficiently, it can be proven to be one of the most cost-effective paraffin treatments available to the industry.
This document provides an introduction to alkaline injection for enhanced oil recovery. It discusses the history of alkaline flooding which dates back to the 1920s. Enhanced oil recovery techniques like alkaline flooding are used to extract additional oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery leave between 30-70% of oil unrecovered. The document outlines different types of EOR including thermal, gas injection, and chemical injection methods. It provides an overview of alkaline flooding and discusses how alkalis work on a chemical level to improve oil recovery through mechanisms like emulsification, wettability alteration, and chemical precipitation. The contents section lists the various topics that will be covered in the document related to alkaline injection characteristics, mechanisms of action, figures, tables, and
Alkaline flooding is a chemical EOR method that involves injecting alkaline chemicals like sodium hydroxide, sodium orthosillicate, or sodium carbonate during water or polymer flooding. The chemicals react with certain types of oil to form surfactants that reduce interfacial tension and increase oil production. It works best for oil with relatively high acid content in reservoirs that meet criteria like permeability above 20 md, depth less than 9,000 feet, and temperature below 200 degrees F. A newer variant, alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding, combines alkali with surfactant and polymer for an effective and less costly form of EOR.
The document discusses the process of re-refining used lubricating oil. It is a 3 step process where (1) water, solids, lighter oils are removed through dehydration and diesel stripping, (2) the lubricating oil fractions are distilled and condensed, and (3) aromatic contaminants are extracted using N-methylpyrolidone. The re-refined oil is then blended with additives to enhance its lubricating properties and meet specifications.
The document discusses various methods for recovering heavy oil and bitumen reserves, which are crucial to future petroleum supply as conventional reserves decline. It notes that Canada and Venezuela have the largest heavy oil reserves worldwide. Steam injection and in-situ combustion are described as common thermal methods to reduce viscosity and improve mobility. SAGD and VAPEX are highlighted as advanced thermal and non-thermal techniques using horizontal well pairs to extract heavy oil via gravity drainage. Challenges of each method are also summarized.
This paper discusses a single-phase microemulsion technology for cleaning oil- or synthetic-based mud filter cakes in a single step. Laboratory tests showed that microemulsions incorporating oil, surfactants, brine and acid could solubilize oil-based mud, make filter cake solids water-wet, and remove acid-soluble particles in one treatment. Sandpack and filtration cell tests demonstrated the microemulsions restored over 90% of original water injection permeability after cleaning oil-based mud filter cakes. The single-phase microemulsion technology allows efficient filter cake clean-up in a single step compared to traditional multiple step methods.
Demulsifiers are specialty chemicals used to separate water emulsified in crude oil. They are important for removing water before refining as water causes corrosion. The global market for oilfield chemicals, including demulsifiers, is growing as drilling and production increase worldwide. Demulsifier effectiveness depends on properties of the crude like viscosity, density, stabilizing components, pH, salt concentration, and presence of solids, which determine emulsion stability. Proper demulsification is necessary to prevent operational and processing problems from transporting and refining emulsified crude oils.
Enhanced oil recovery techniques like miscible gas injection can be used to extract additional oil from reservoirs. Carbon dioxide flooding involves restoring reservoir pressure with water injection and then injecting CO2 to form a miscible front that dissolves in the oil. Cyclic CO2 stimulation uses repeated injection and production cycles to reduce oil viscosity. Nitrogen flooding works for light oil reservoirs by vaporizing oil components to create a miscible nitrogen front. The conditions for miscibility depend on pressure, temperature, and fluid compositions as represented on phase diagrams.
Notes on used oil re refining aug 2017 with api prsnt attachedM Hussam Adeni
Used oil can be re-refined through various processes to remove contaminants and produce re-refined base oils. Re-refining involves distillation processes like wiped film evaporation and vacuum distillation to separate base oils from other materials in used oil. The resulting re-refined base oils can be of similar or even better quality than virgin base oils and are capable of meeting industry specifications when used to formulate engine oils. Re-refined base oils offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to disposal of used oils.
EOR methods involve injecting various substances into oil fields to increase the amount of oil extracted. Primary recovery uses natural reservoir pressure to extract 5-10% of oil. Secondary recovery injects water or gas to extract an additional 25-30% of oil. Tertiary recovery injects different materials like steam, CO2, polymers or surfactants to extract another 20-30% of oil remaining after primary and secondary recovery. The three main EOR categories are thermal, gas, and chemical injection. Thermal injection uses heat to reduce oil viscosity while gas injection uses gases like CO2, nitrogen or natural gas to increase oil recovery. Chemical injection uses polymers, alkali or surfactants to improve oil mobility.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods aim to increase the amount of crude oil extracted from oil fields. There are three main EOR categories - thermal, which uses heat to extract oil; miscible, which uses gases like CO2 or nitrogen to extract oil; and chemical, which uses polymers, surfactants or alkalis. Common EOR techniques include gas injection, thermal injection like steam flooding, and chemical injection like polymer flooding. EOR selection depends on factors like reservoir depth, viscosity, and permeability. Thermal methods recover additional 20-30% of oil, while chemical/miscible methods recover additional 20-30% of oil remaining after primary/secondary recovery.
- QuicksilverUSA develops a proprietary blend called Quicksilver that remediates paraffin wax precipitation in oil and gas wells by returning the wax to liquid phase.
- Quicksilver cleans wells of wax buildup in under 24 hours without requiring removal of other contaminants like some other cleaners. The wax becomes part of the saleable hydrocarbon stream.
- Quicksilver has been shown to increase well production by 20% or more in some cases with one well seeing a 75% increase and a reported ROI of less than 2 days for one client.
This document summarizes a patent from 1957 regarding improvements to the froth flotation process for concentrating uranium ores. It describes using an emulsified oil with an anionic emulsifying agent and insoluble hydrocarbon oil to concentrate ores containing uranium minerals like davidite. The process was more efficient than previous gravity methods. It allows the production of concentrates with sufficiently high grade and recovery to make the concentration process economic.
This document summarizes a patent from 1957 regarding improvements to the froth flotation process for concentrating uranium ores. Specifically, it describes using an emulsified mixture of an anionic emulsifying agent like sodium oleate, an insoluble hydrocarbon oil like fuel oil, and a stabilizing agent like cresylic acid. This allows for a simpler, more efficient process to produce uranium concentrates from low-grade ores compared to previous gravity separation methods. As an example, it provides details on treating an Australian davidite ore using specific amounts of sulphonated whale oil, linoleic acid, fuel oil, and cresylic acid to produce a 23% uranium concentrate.
1. Ivey-sol® Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery
SEORTM Technology
OVERVIEW:
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is the process of obtaining stranded oil not recovered from oil
reservoirs through certain extraction processes. EOR uses methods including thermal recovery, gas
injection, chemical injection and low-salinity water flooding. Although these methods have shown
promise, SEOR (Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery) utilizes a modified formulation of the
internationally known Ivey-sol® non-ionic surfactant, non-toxic product, that has a proven capacity to
expedite oil mass recovery not being realized by conventional EOR methodologies.
Ivey-sol® Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery (SEORTM) Technology was developed by George A. Ivey,
of Ivey International Incorporated (IVEY) in the mid to late 1990’s. The technology first surfaced when
IVEY started sub-surface (in-situ) Ivey-sol® injection treatments at down-stream oil contaminated sites
to enhance oil (i.e., petroleum hydrocarbon) mass removal from subsurface soil and saturated
groundwater regimes, in a non-destructive method. Applied case studies, and peer reviewed journal
publications and international conference presentations have verified the EOR capacity of Ivey-sol®.
The SEOR approach significantly improved oil mass recovery by 400% to 1200% compared to
conventional pumping extraction methods alone. The oil impacts to the subsurface soils and
groundwater were the result of uncontrolled spills from downstream underground storage tanks (UST)
at fuel stations, above ground storage tanks (AST) at refineries, and along pipe lines.
Ivey-sol® was injected into the subsurface well sites and began desorbing hydrocarbon contaminants
from the soil base and moving them to the oil extraction wells for rapid recovery. It was these early
successes that lead IVEY to focus their energy on Upstream Oil & Gas SEOR applications for
improving oil mass recovery during secondary and tertiary oil recovery programs to maximize the
value of the subject reserves.
2. Ivey-sol® TECHNOLOGY:
Ivey-sol® is a non-ionic, biodegradable, non-toxic surfactant formulation that utilizes water as its base
with specially designed surfactant molecules that can ‘selectively’ desorb sorbed oils from soils into the
aqueous phase for enhanced oil recovery. Ivey-sol® is unique in its able to desorb unavailable oil and
make them more “Physically Available” for expedited subsurface recovery. The Ivey-sol® products are
uniquely effective well below the CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration); hence they will not form
emulsions, making oil recovery possible. It can also reduce the surface tension of saline formation
water tension from >73 dyne to <30 dyne allowing for improved fluid flow (K) rates within oil laden
saline formations to the nearby oil extraction wells within a given oil production field. This approach is
primarily targeted at SEOR™ during the secondary and/or tertiary oil recovery phases. The following
image illustrates how Ivey-sol® SEOR™ process can be incorporated into existing oil field to aid EOR
during secondary and tertiary oil recovery programs.
MECHANISM:
For years, many scientists have been trying to achieve controlled desorption of stationary sorbed oils
within an oil fields, which has been a significant limiting factor for oil field operations and financial
viability. The mechanism of how the Ivey-sol® product works is illustrated below. The Ivey-sol® is
shown desorbing the oils off a soil grain within an oil field. Once liberated, the desorbed oil has
increased ‘Physical Availability’ for improving the associated in-situ mass recovery at nearby oil
extraction wells.
3. FIELD TRIALS:
Application of the Ivey-sol® surfactant technology to enhance in-situ oil mass recovery in sands, silts,
clays and fractured bedrock was first successfully applied in the early 1990’s. Since that time the
technology has been applied at hundreds of sites globally. The ability of the Ivey-sol® products to
desorb the oil below the CMC, and not form emulsions, was the primary key to expediting the rate of
oil recovery. For the downstream site applications, this meant going from multi-year remediation
treatment plans (i.e., oil recovery) timeframes to the order of weeks and months.
As shown in the figure to the left, the
heavy-oil from a pipeline spill site was
made miscible for enhanced oil recovery
in the aquious phase. This benchscale
application was the basis for a successful
field trial at a pipeline spill site.
The Ivey-sol® took the free phase oils into
solution for the C10-19 by >2,621%, and the
C19-32 by greater than 1,761%. Although
C32-50 was not reported in this test, the
effects are obvious.
Regarding SEOR™ within oil fields, Ivey-sol® is capable of desorbing the sorbed oil from organics,
fine sands, silts, clays and fractured bedrock. Desorption of the sorbed oil is central to the effective
recovery of trapped oils for Enhanced Oil Recovery within upstream oil recovery programs. The Ivey-
sol® SEOR™ products will not negatively affect the quality of the recovered oil during upstream
refinement, storage and downstream distribution as this is a “NON-CHEMICAL” application.
The following images illustrate the pre to post Ivey-sol® SEOR™ soil washing application of Frac-sand
(>10%), Refinery Soils (>50,000 ppm) and sands and gravel originating from am Manufactured Gas
Plant (MGP) site. The results are generally immediate and significant with the option for oil recovery.
Proposal: Ivey-sol® SEOR™ Technology is now available in the Middle East using Bahrain as our
business hub. If SEOR™ Technology is of interest to your petroleum company, we would like to
establish a pilot project on an existing marginal production well to demonstrate the efficiency of this
technology to increase well capability and production in a non-hazardous sustainable way.