This document discusses Muslim personal law in India, specifically regarding the rules around gifts (hiba). It defines a gift as the transfer of property from one person to another without consideration. For a gift to be valid under Muslim personal law in India, it must meet several requirements - the donor must be a Muslim adult of sound mind; the gift must involve the immediate transfer of existing property; the donor must give the gift voluntarily and the donee must accept it; and possession of the gifted property must be delivered.

1. Muslim Personal Law

2. • Law: is set of rules and regulations, for
establishing and maintaining social order.
• Who is Muslim: Any person who professes the
Islamic religion, that is, acknowledges i) That there
is but one God and that Prophet(PBUH) is His last
prophet, is a Muslim.
• Muslim by Birth: It means that the parents of a
child are Muslims and he has followed the same
religion.
• Muslim by Conversion: means that a person has
changed his religion and embraced Islam.
• Sects: Muslims are divided in to two sects, the
Sunnis and the Shias.

3. • Muslim Personal law: is the branch of an
Islamic Law in which we study among family
matters such as Marriage, Will, Dower, Waqf,
Divorce, Gift etc
• Islamic Jurisprudence: Deals with origin of
Islamic Law. Its boudary is very vast
comparatively family laws. Such as sources of
Isamic law Quran, Sunnah etc

4. • Gift (Hiba): Definition: A hiba or gift is a transfer
of property, made immediately, and without any
exchange, by one person to another and
accepted by or on behalf of the latter.
• Hiba means transfer of right of property in
substance by one person to another without
consideration which is a condition to be fulfilled
in order to make a gift valid.

5. Elements of Gift
• Transfer of property.
• Immediate transfer.
• Without any exchange.
• Accepted by himself or on his behalf.

6. Persons capable of making gift.
• Every Mahommdan of sound mind and not a
minor may dispose of his property by gift.
• Gift in the language of law means a transfer of
property immediately and without any
exchange.
• A donor with affected mental capacity,
physical infirmity and old age could not
constitute a valid gift.
• Gift to unborn person: A gift to a person not
yet in existence is void.

7. • The person who make gift is called donor and
to whom gift is made called donee.
• Parties to a Gift: i) Donor ii) Donee
• Persons who can make Gift: i) Muslim ii) Sound
mind iii) Who have attained Majority age.
• Disqualification: Minor ii) Unsound Mind
(Insane).

8. Essentials of a valid gift
• Subject of Gift must belong to donor.
• Subject of Gift must be in existence.
• Donor must make gift by his free will.
• Gift must be accepted by the donee.
• Delivery of possession of the subject matter
must be done.
• Declaration of gift by the donor.

9. • Two types of property movable and
immovable property. i.e land, goods.