This document commemorates Fred Tomlinson and Ray Tomlinson, noting that Fred passed away in 2016 and Ray passed away also in 2016. It discusses the first email ever sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 between two computers in Cambridge, MA. It also mentions that spam existed as early as 1871 in the form of telegram spam, which was 100 years before email, and discusses how traditionally the recipient paid for receiving messages.
The document provides information on effective groups and teamwork. It discusses necessary conditions for effective groups, including a clear goal, results-driven structure, competent members, commitment, collaborative climate, excellence standards, external support, and principled leadership. It also covers creativity and brainstorming techniques, working in cross-functional and virtual teams, and the challenges of group decision making compared to individual decision making.
This document summarizes the features of the Mini Solar Tracker TK101S, a small GPS tracking device that can be powered by solar energy or a rechargeable battery. It has GPS and GSM connectivity, waterproofing, magnets for attachment, and optional WiFi. The tracker provides location tracking through an app or website without monthly fees.
5 modi non convenzionali per diffondere i post di linkedinGiorgio Fatarella
Scrivere i tuoi Post su Linkedin è semplice. Scrivi contenuti di valore, aumentano la tua Reputation. Inserisci immagini, slide video e diffondi rapidamente attraverso l'URL che Linkedin ti assegna ad ogni tuo Post.
The document is a resume for Maria A. Herrera. It summarizes her objective of seeking an administrative position, her skills including being bilingual in English and Spanish and proficient in Microsoft Office, and her education including an Associate's degree in Business Administration. It also lists her work history including her current role as an HR Clerk for a nonprofit and previous roles providing home healthcare and retail work.
El boletín informa sobre varios eventos y oportunidades de la Universidad de Huelva, como jornadas de puertas abiertas, cursos del Servicio de Empleo y Atención a la Comunidad, y la guía de estudiantes recién publicada. También anuncia becas, ayudas y convocatorias para formación de profesorado, realización de másteres en el extranjero, y relaciones universidad-sociedad. Por último, promueve actividades relacionadas con la salud, inmigración, idiomas y concurs
Tawi is a Kenyan software company that develops mobile messaging gateways. The gateways provide APIs and a web portal to remotely and securely access SMS, USSD, airtime, and location services from various mobile networks. Key features of the gateways include delivery reports, message status queries, account management tools, usage reports, documentation, and a test environment. The gateways are hosted securely and aim to meet various security and certification standards.
The document provides information on effective groups and teamwork. It discusses necessary conditions for effective groups, including a clear goal, results-driven structure, competent members, commitment, collaborative climate, excellence standards, external support, and principled leadership. It also covers creativity and brainstorming techniques, working in cross-functional and virtual teams, and the challenges of group decision making compared to individual decision making.
This document summarizes the features of the Mini Solar Tracker TK101S, a small GPS tracking device that can be powered by solar energy or a rechargeable battery. It has GPS and GSM connectivity, waterproofing, magnets for attachment, and optional WiFi. The tracker provides location tracking through an app or website without monthly fees.
5 modi non convenzionali per diffondere i post di linkedinGiorgio Fatarella
Scrivere i tuoi Post su Linkedin è semplice. Scrivi contenuti di valore, aumentano la tua Reputation. Inserisci immagini, slide video e diffondi rapidamente attraverso l'URL che Linkedin ti assegna ad ogni tuo Post.
The document is a resume for Maria A. Herrera. It summarizes her objective of seeking an administrative position, her skills including being bilingual in English and Spanish and proficient in Microsoft Office, and her education including an Associate's degree in Business Administration. It also lists her work history including her current role as an HR Clerk for a nonprofit and previous roles providing home healthcare and retail work.
El boletín informa sobre varios eventos y oportunidades de la Universidad de Huelva, como jornadas de puertas abiertas, cursos del Servicio de Empleo y Atención a la Comunidad, y la guía de estudiantes recién publicada. También anuncia becas, ayudas y convocatorias para formación de profesorado, realización de másteres en el extranjero, y relaciones universidad-sociedad. Por último, promueve actividades relacionadas con la salud, inmigración, idiomas y concurs
Tawi is a Kenyan software company that develops mobile messaging gateways. The gateways provide APIs and a web portal to remotely and securely access SMS, USSD, airtime, and location services from various mobile networks. Key features of the gateways include delivery reports, message status queries, account management tools, usage reports, documentation, and a test environment. The gateways are hosted securely and aim to meet various security and certification standards.
This resume is for Vaibhav Jain. He has 1 year of experience as a software engineer in manual testing, Selenium IDE, JMeter, and other tools. He has a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Gyan Ganga College of Technology with a 6.8 CGPA. His skills include C++, Java, C#, SQL Server, Hadoop, and manual testing. He has worked on projects involving OrangeHRM and an online examination system. His hobbies include listening to music, photography, and travelling.
The document provides tips for conducting effective conference calls using the acronym "FORCE":
F - Familiarize yourself with the technology used for conference calls and collaboration services. Common features include muting/unmuting lines, roll calls, recording calls, and security codes.
O - Organize and prepare for the call by identifying attendees, establishing an agenda and goals, sending meeting invites with call-in details, and having materials ready.
R - Be respectful by arriving on time, muting when not speaking, not talking over others, stating your name before commenting, and keeping to the scheduled time.
C - Be concise by keeping comments on topic, using a parking lot for off
This document summarizes the features of the T510 GPS tracker, which can be used as a keychain or attached to items like purses and luggage. It has a small size, long battery life, built-in panic button, and indoor/outdoor tracking via GPS, WiFi and GSM. The tracker can also be located via its WiFi signal if GPS/WiFi are unavailable, and it has an anti-lost function that alerts the owner's phone if the attached item moves away.
Este documento resume la historia y evolución de Internet. Comenzó como un proyecto militar estadounidense en 1969 llamado ARPANET que buscaba crear una red de computadoras redundante. En los años siguientes se desarrollaron tecnologías como el correo electrónico y los protocolos TCP/IP. En 1989 Tim Berners-Lee creó la World Wide Web en el CERN. Hoy Internet permite el acceso global a información y la comunicación entre personas en todo el mundo a través de servicios como redes sociales y plataformas de video.
El documento proporciona definiciones y detalles sobre varios conceptos clave relacionados con presentaciones de PowerPoint, incluyendo:
1) Define conceptos como presentación, diapositiva, diseño, transición, animación e hipervínculo.
2) Enumera diferentes tipos de transiciones y animaciones como efectos de entrada, salida y énfasis.
3) Menciona varios temas predeterminados de PowerPoint como Oficina, Espiral, Faceta e Integral.
4) Explica pasos para realizar tareas comunes como eliminar y ordenar
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where a researcher immerses themselves in a group to observe and participate in their daily lives over an extended period of time. This allows the researcher to gain an intimate understanding of the group's practices, behaviors, and culture. There are various levels of participation a researcher can take, from non-participatory observation to fully embracing the group's customs. While this provides rich insights, it also carries risks like bias and losing objectivity. Participant observation works best when little is known about a topic or to study phenomena in natural settings.
This document summarizes a GPS logger and speedometer device that projects driving data like speed and time onto a vehicle's windshield using a head-up display. It allows drivers to keep their eyes on the road by not having to look down at the speedometer. The device gets the true speed from GPS rather than just relying on the car's speedometer. It has features like logging location data, overspeed warnings, and online data analysis. It is designed to be a low-cost solution for fleet management needs with an easy plug-and-play installation.
Este documento presenta los resultados de un aprendiz sobre la identificación de peligros y riesgos en tres sectores económicos: servicios sociales y de salud, servicios comunitarios, sociales y personales, y educación. El aprendiz concluye que la matriz de riesgos permite identificar sistemáticamente los riesgos por área y facilita la intervención oportuna, y que las medidas de intervención sugeridas pueden mejorar cada plan de acción. El aprendiz agradece las guías interactivas pero solicita acceder a otras actividades.
Nell’ambito del Corso Per Esperto di Marketing per l’Internazionalizzazione, promosso dall’Asips della Camera di Commercio di Caserta in collaborazione con la Facoltà di Economia della Seconda Università di Napoli, (coordinatore delle attività formative: Prof. Del Giudice), e tenutosi dal 22 settembre al 04 dicembre 2008 presso la sede della CCIAA di P.zza S.Anna (Ce), sono stati previsti degli stage aziendali da tenersi – a valle delle lezioni teoriche e dei project work Kiton e Acqua Calena – presso 7 imprese casertane, affinché gli allievi potessero apprendere sul campo linee strategiche e procedure operative di internazionalizzazione imprenditoriale
Congratulations!
You and your friends have been selected by the Ministry of Tourism to participate in a multimedia itinerary competition. You are introducing and promoting some places of interest in Malaysia for the competition.
This document discusses spatial (urban) planning and plan documents in India. It outlines the hierarchy of plans from the national to local levels and the types of urban planning documents used, including metropolitan regional plans, master plans, zonal plans, and area plans. It also mentions the supporting legislation for urban planning in India, such as the Town and Country Planning Act, and literature like the Model Town and Country Planning Act. Current initiatives in urban planning like PPPP and reforms under JNNURM are also briefly outlined.
This resume is for Vaibhav Jain. He has 1 year of experience as a software engineer in manual testing, Selenium IDE, JMeter, and other tools. He has a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Gyan Ganga College of Technology with a 6.8 CGPA. His skills include C++, Java, C#, SQL Server, Hadoop, and manual testing. He has worked on projects involving OrangeHRM and an online examination system. His hobbies include listening to music, photography, and travelling.
The document provides tips for conducting effective conference calls using the acronym "FORCE":
F - Familiarize yourself with the technology used for conference calls and collaboration services. Common features include muting/unmuting lines, roll calls, recording calls, and security codes.
O - Organize and prepare for the call by identifying attendees, establishing an agenda and goals, sending meeting invites with call-in details, and having materials ready.
R - Be respectful by arriving on time, muting when not speaking, not talking over others, stating your name before commenting, and keeping to the scheduled time.
C - Be concise by keeping comments on topic, using a parking lot for off
This document summarizes the features of the T510 GPS tracker, which can be used as a keychain or attached to items like purses and luggage. It has a small size, long battery life, built-in panic button, and indoor/outdoor tracking via GPS, WiFi and GSM. The tracker can also be located via its WiFi signal if GPS/WiFi are unavailable, and it has an anti-lost function that alerts the owner's phone if the attached item moves away.
Este documento resume la historia y evolución de Internet. Comenzó como un proyecto militar estadounidense en 1969 llamado ARPANET que buscaba crear una red de computadoras redundante. En los años siguientes se desarrollaron tecnologías como el correo electrónico y los protocolos TCP/IP. En 1989 Tim Berners-Lee creó la World Wide Web en el CERN. Hoy Internet permite el acceso global a información y la comunicación entre personas en todo el mundo a través de servicios como redes sociales y plataformas de video.
El documento proporciona definiciones y detalles sobre varios conceptos clave relacionados con presentaciones de PowerPoint, incluyendo:
1) Define conceptos como presentación, diapositiva, diseño, transición, animación e hipervínculo.
2) Enumera diferentes tipos de transiciones y animaciones como efectos de entrada, salida y énfasis.
3) Menciona varios temas predeterminados de PowerPoint como Oficina, Espiral, Faceta e Integral.
4) Explica pasos para realizar tareas comunes como eliminar y ordenar
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where a researcher immerses themselves in a group to observe and participate in their daily lives over an extended period of time. This allows the researcher to gain an intimate understanding of the group's practices, behaviors, and culture. There are various levels of participation a researcher can take, from non-participatory observation to fully embracing the group's customs. While this provides rich insights, it also carries risks like bias and losing objectivity. Participant observation works best when little is known about a topic or to study phenomena in natural settings.
This document summarizes a GPS logger and speedometer device that projects driving data like speed and time onto a vehicle's windshield using a head-up display. It allows drivers to keep their eyes on the road by not having to look down at the speedometer. The device gets the true speed from GPS rather than just relying on the car's speedometer. It has features like logging location data, overspeed warnings, and online data analysis. It is designed to be a low-cost solution for fleet management needs with an easy plug-and-play installation.
Este documento presenta los resultados de un aprendiz sobre la identificación de peligros y riesgos en tres sectores económicos: servicios sociales y de salud, servicios comunitarios, sociales y personales, y educación. El aprendiz concluye que la matriz de riesgos permite identificar sistemáticamente los riesgos por área y facilita la intervención oportuna, y que las medidas de intervención sugeridas pueden mejorar cada plan de acción. El aprendiz agradece las guías interactivas pero solicita acceder a otras actividades.
Nell’ambito del Corso Per Esperto di Marketing per l’Internazionalizzazione, promosso dall’Asips della Camera di Commercio di Caserta in collaborazione con la Facoltà di Economia della Seconda Università di Napoli, (coordinatore delle attività formative: Prof. Del Giudice), e tenutosi dal 22 settembre al 04 dicembre 2008 presso la sede della CCIAA di P.zza S.Anna (Ce), sono stati previsti degli stage aziendali da tenersi – a valle delle lezioni teoriche e dei project work Kiton e Acqua Calena – presso 7 imprese casertane, affinché gli allievi potessero apprendere sul campo linee strategiche e procedure operative di internazionalizzazione imprenditoriale
Congratulations!
You and your friends have been selected by the Ministry of Tourism to participate in a multimedia itinerary competition. You are introducing and promoting some places of interest in Malaysia for the competition.
This document discusses spatial (urban) planning and plan documents in India. It outlines the hierarchy of plans from the national to local levels and the types of urban planning documents used, including metropolitan regional plans, master plans, zonal plans, and area plans. It also mentions the supporting legislation for urban planning in India, such as the Town and Country Planning Act, and literature like the Model Town and Country Planning Act. Current initiatives in urban planning like PPPP and reforms under JNNURM are also briefly outlined.
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. As our first order of business I’d like to dedicate today’s presentation to two men name Tomlinson. Fred, who wrote the song Spam, for Monty python many years ago, and to
Ray, who made this all possible, the inventor of email, who also passed away this year.
‘it worked!’ 16 July 1945 Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
This is also, for the keen observer, the first line of text on a computer keyboard.
It is amazing to thing that my phone, or my watch probably have more computing power than these geriatric beasts. That said, the average hosting facility doesn’t look too much different these days …
Would anyone care to guess when the first spam was sent?
Spam has been around a long while
Here’s why spam works from a cost model, and why spammers do it.
If you think about how things normally work, if you wanted to put an ad in the New York Times Sunday Magazine, the ad would cost $100,000 US. Plus, of course, the models, writers, graphic artists, the limo for the models, the photographer and her limo, the catering … you get the point.
Or you could send spam, hit millions of people, with almost no cost to yourself, because you steal the resources of others. Someone else’s graphics, another person’s server, and so on. In the end it is the recipient who pays, because the receiver system has to pay for staff, storage, and network protection, which is a cost passed on to the user, one way or another.
Let’s take a very quick run through some notable points in email history
The very first networked virus was in 1971
This was at a time when everyone knew everyone on the network, so Gary’s boss was immediately contacted. He never spammed again.
Email – note the spelling
RFC 822 describes in technical detail, as a standard, how email works. I should note, that no thought was given to security when it was designed, because you could always call someone’s boss if abuse took place.
Open relays and proxies were the first mechanism used to transmit spam illicitly. It took almost ten years to shut them all down. Of course, open relays were a part of being a good neighbour when the Internet first started.
My organization has been doing this for 20 years.
MAPs was the first commercial spam filtering service. Spam backwards, of course.
Followed soon after by Spamhaus who are still around and arguably the biggest anti-spam service on the net.
Botnets replaced open relays. Very effectively, of course, we are still battling them today.
The first U.S. initiative
I’d like to remind you that M3AAWG works with the I2C Internet Infrastructure Coalition on Hosting & Cloud service provider best practices, and you will find an invitation to the next two MAAWG meetings, in Paris in San Francisco in your delegate bag.
CANSPAM, still a contentious law …
How’d that work out for you Bill?
SURBL was the first DOMAIN blocking list.
Canada’s anti-spam law came into being in 2010. My organization, CAUCE had a direct hand in crafting the law. It has some of the highest penalties for spam (up to $10,000,000 per email) and next year, in 2017, individual citizens will have the right to sue spammers under the law.
M3AAWG, Botfrei (Germany), Japan, and many other countries took a concerted effort against botnets in 2012. It had some very good effect in diminishing infected home computers.
So … the criminals turned to hosting companies to support their activities.
Where are we now?
I’m happy to report that email spam took a great downturn last year, dropping by almost 50%
But not so fast!
This is caused in part by Necurs, a hosting service-based botnet, dealing in ransomeware such as Locky. Necurs evolved from Zeus, and Spyeye, then Gameover Zeus.
“To help keep the botnet hidden, Necurs will only use a subset of infected nodes at one time. An infected host is used for two to three days, and then not again for two to three weeks. This complicates the job of personnel who respond to attacks, because they believe the offending host was found and cleaned up, and suddenly the spam starts again.” - Jaeson Schultz, CISCO
In the top 20 infections country as seen by the CBL, we find India, Vietnam, China, Pakistan, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand. In total volume, Hong Kong and Singapore are also part of that list. For total % of networks infected, add Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal. For per-capita infections, Maldives is one of the worst as are the Seychelles.
Rather, it certainly isn’t the marketing golden goose of the 1990s, and it isn’t the primary communications channel between individuals, SMS, direct message and push notifications have surpassed email in popularity, and will continue to do so.
2-33 messages per day, per person totaling over 6 billion text messages in the U.S. each day; Push notifications are in the same volume range. 90% are responded to in under 3 minutes. You can see why criminals would want to leverage these technologies
Where are we headed? A Bruce Schneier piece recently talked about a nationstate that is trying to figure out how to take down the internet. That is a reality that affects us all, they will be using consumer-facing infrastructure, such as hosting companies to do so.
Imagine how little it takes to cause a top-level domain nameserver to cease functioning. We’ve seen DDoS traffic hit 1TB/s, virtually no NS is prepared to withstand such an onslaught
Cloudbots – instead of using a single compromised host, what if I were to create hundreds of thousands of accounts on various distributed cloudservices, and use them to attack in a coordinated fashion?
IoT – we have already seen where security is secondary, if even a consideration for much of the IoT. What if a Toasterbotnet or LightbulbBotnet were deployed to send spam, or …
Security researcher Brian Krebs writes about the criminal areas of the Internet. The criminals reacted last week taking his site offline.
BP38!
Last week’s headline. They attribute this to an un-named state-sponsored actor.