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invertebrate 4 lecture 2022.pdf

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Dr Souad Alsaqabi
Dr Souad Alsaqabi

المحاضرة الرابعه علم اللافقاريات

Education
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Bilateria • Most animals have bilateral symmetry. • The vast majority of animal species belong to the clade Bilateria, ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ل‬ which consists of animals with bilateral symmetry and triploblastic ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ development. DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 2
There can be two Ectoderm Endoderm or three Mesoderm Diploblastic ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Triploblastic ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Tissue Layers DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 3
Body Cavities ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm Pseudocoelomate - the coelom (= pseudocoelom) is lined on one side with mesoderm Acoelomate - there is no body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall Body Cavities - There are three different kinds DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 4
Platyhelminthes - flatworms endoderm mesoderm ectoderm Acoelomate!! DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 5 • Although flatworms undergo triploblastic development, they are acoelomates.
B- Bilateria ‫ب‬ - ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ Triploblastica ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ 1- Acoelomates 1 - ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
• Animal Kingdom ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ • Subkingdom: Eumetazoa ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ • Phylum: Platyhelminthes ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ • 1 - Class: Turbellaria • Genus: Planaria sp. ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ • 2 - Class: Trematoda • Genus: Fasciola hepatica ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 7
‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ Turbellaria : ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ Planaria ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ : ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ 0.5 – 1.5 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 8
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ : ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 9
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ Planaria ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ل‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ( ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ mesenchyme or parenchyme . ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ .
• ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ 3 ‫أ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻸ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ . ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ت‬ ، ‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ . • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCDd-N9lpkE DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 11
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 12
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ : • ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ( • ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : – ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ – ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9EuFuJF9N0&feature=related – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBLDFI4OhWY&feature=related – ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 13
• ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : • ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 14
‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Class : Trematoda Subclass : Digenea ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : .1 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ .2 ‫أ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ) ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ( .3 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ .4 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ ) ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ " ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ " ‫إ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ " ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ " ( .5 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ( • ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Fasciola ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Schistosoma ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Heteropyes DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 16 ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Class: Trematoda Subclass:Digenea ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ Subclass: Monogenea .1 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ . .2 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ . .3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .4 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ث‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 17
Medically Significant Trematodes Reservoir Host ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ن‬ Biological Vector ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ Intermediate ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ Host ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ Common Name Trematodes ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Sheep, cattle, ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ human ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ Snail ‫ﻗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ Sheep liver fluke ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Fasciola hepatica ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 18
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ل‬ : ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPIYRErlEjE&feature=related DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 19 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Fasciola hepatica
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ tegument : ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ tegument-forming cells ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ف‬ pinocytosis vesicles . ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ spinules ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ parenchyma . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 20
DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 21 w ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ oral sucker . w ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ventral sucker . w ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ genital atrium ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ .
DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 22
DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 23 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ :
DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 24 ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ( CLASS CESTODA
.1 ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ . .2 ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ proglottids . .3 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫م‬ . .4 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .5 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ف‬ . .6 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ث‬ . .7 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ . .8 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ . .9 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .10 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ . .11 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ : .1 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ .2 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ .3 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ . .12 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ . .13 ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ .14 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻎ‬ . .15 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ : ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ( CLASS CESTODA DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 25
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MxI2bMwFNE DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 26
• ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ . • ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ . • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ‫أ‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ scolex : – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ . – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ . ‫ب‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ق‬ Neck : – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ . – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ) ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Germinative Zone ( ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ج‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﮫ‬ Strobila : – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ) ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ( : • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ immature proglottids ) ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ( . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Mature Proglottids ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . • ‫ﺛ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Gravid Proglottids ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ . • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ . • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ 3 ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ 4000 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 27
‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ : – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ . – ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ . • ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ث‬ . • ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ : • ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ tegument . • ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻸ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ microvlli ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ : – ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ mitochondria ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ Golgi Apparatus . – ‫إ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺈ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 28
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ Taenia Saginata and T. solium • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ . • ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ، ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 29
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : • ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ : – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ : 5 - 7 ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ 25 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ . – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ : 3 - 5 ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ . • ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ : 1000 - 2000 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ : 600 - 900 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . • ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ :Scolex – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ : ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ Suckers . – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ : ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ Rostellum ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ف‬ hooklets ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ 22 ‫و‬ 32 ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ . • ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ 5 ‫و‬ 10 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً . • ‫ﺛ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ 12 ‫و‬ 15 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ 0 • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : – ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ . – ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ 5 ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ 20 ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ب‬ ) 18 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ( . – ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ 7 ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ 13 ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ) ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 9 ( . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 30
‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ : .1 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .2 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ف‬ Pinocytosis ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ : .1 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً . .2 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻸ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ : .1 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ 0 .2 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ 4 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ 0 .3 ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ lateral exctory canals ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ transvers excretory canal . .4 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ excretory pores ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ . .5 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 31
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : .1 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ Cerebral Ganglia ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ . .2 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ . .3 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ Internal nerve cords ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .4 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ر‬ : .1 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 0 .2 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ : .1 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ testes ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ 500 ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫م‬ . .2 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ vas efferens ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ . .3 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ل‬ vas deferens . .4 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ cirrus ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ cirrus pouch . .5 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ male genital opening ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ genital atrium ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ 0 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ : .1 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ : .2 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ovary ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬ : .1 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .2 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ . .3 ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ oviduct ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ف‬ . .4 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ootype ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ Mehlis gland . .5 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ vitelline gland ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . .6 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ vitellin duct ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ 0 .7 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ uterus ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ . .8 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ل‬ vagina ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ : .1 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ seminal receptacle . .2 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ female genital pore ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 32
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ : DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 33
• ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Eggs : – ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ 0.03 - 0.04 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ . – ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ . • ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ onchosphere hexacanth embryo ‫و‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ • 0 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ض‬ . • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . • ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ 60 - 70 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 34
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ Bladder worm or cysticercus : – ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ 0 – ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ . . . ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺦ‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ 7 - 10 ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 4 - 9 ‫أ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ 3 - 6 ‫أ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ر‬ . DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 35
T.saginata T.solium D.H ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ Human Human Human I.H ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ط‬ Cattle Swine Human Habitation ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ Small intestine Small intestine Tissue(brain, eye, skin etc.) Infective stage ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ Cysticercus bovis Cysticercus Cellulosae Egg Disease ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ Taeniasis Taeniasis Cysticercosis DR-ALSAQABI-2013INVERTEBRATE 36
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