.Net framework introduction

1. Priyanka Pinglikar

2. What is framework
 A structure for supporting or enclosing something
else, especially a skeletal support used as the basis for
something being constructed.
 In computer programming, a software framework is
an abstraction in which software providing generic
functionality can be selectively changed by additional
user-written code, thus providing application-specific
software.
 A software framework is a universal, reusable software
platform to develop applications, products and
solutions

3. .Net Framework
 .NET Framework is entirely new environment for
building internet aware application with truly
simplified deployment model .
 The .NET Framework is a software framework
developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on
Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and
provides language interoperability (each language can
use code written in other languages) across several
programming languages

4. .Net, the Rescuer
.NET
OOP JVM
GUI
Web
component-based
design n-tier design

5. .Net provides
 Integrated environment
 Internet, Desktop , Mobile devices
 consistent object-oriented
 To provide a portable environment
 A managed environment

6. What Is .NET
 .NET is a framework
 New programming methodology
 .NET is platform independent / cross platform
 .NET is language-insensitive

7. Narrow view of .Net applications
Operating System + Hardware
.NET Framework
.NET Application

8. .Net Architecture
 .NET architecture is:
 multi-language
 cross-platform
 based on the CLR, FCL, and JIT technology
 .NET components are packaged as assemblies

9. .Net Architecture

10. .Net Technical Architecture
Base Class Library
Common Language Specification
Common Language Runtime
ADO.NET: Data and XML
VB C++ C#
VisualStudio.NET
ASP.NET: Web Services
and Web Forms
JScript …
Windows
Forms
Windows
Forms

11. Common Language Runtime
 A common runtime for all .NET languages
 Common type system
 Common metadata
 Intermediate Language (IL) to native code compilers
 Memory allocation and garbage collection
 Code execution and security
 Over 15 languages supported today
 C#, VB, Jscript, Visual C++ from Microsoft
 Perl, Python, Smalltalk, Cobol, Haskell, Mercury, Eiffel, Oberon, Oz
, Pascal, APL, CAML, Scheme, etc.

12. The CLR Architecture
Class Loader
MSIL to Native
Compilers (JIT)
Code
Manager
Garbage
Collector (GC)
Security Engine Debug Engine
Type Checker Exception Manager
Thread Support COM Marshaler
Base Class Library Support

13. CLR Execution Model (Narrow)
Code in VB.NET Code in C#
Code in another
.NET Language
VB.NET compiler C# compiler
Appropriate
Compiler
IL(Intermediate
Language) code
CLR just-in-time
execution

14. CLR Execution Model
VBSource
code
Compiler
C++C#
CompilerCompiler
Assembly
IL Code
Assembly
IL Code
Assembly
IL Code
Operating System Services
Common Language Runtime
JIT Compiler
Native Code
Managed
code
Unmanaged
Component

15. How CLR works?

16. Common Language Runtime
 Execution Engine
 Compiles Microsoft Intermediate Language
(MSIL) into native code
 Handles garbage collection
 Handles exceptions
 Enforces code access security
 Handles verification
 Managed v. Unmanaged

17. Implications of CLR execution model
1. Clients need CLR & FCL to run .NET apps
 available via Redistributable .NET Framework
2. Design trade-off…
+ managed execution (memory protection,
verifiable code, etc.)
+ portability:
– slower execution?

18. CLR and JIT compiling.
 Indirect execution of .Net applications.
 All .NET languages compile to the same CIL.
 The CLR transforms the CIL to assembly instructions
for a particular hardware architecture.
 This is termed jit’ing or Just-in-time compiling.
 Some initial performance cost, but the jitted code is
cached for further execution.
 The CLR can target the specific architecture in which
the code is executing, so some performance gains are
possible.

19. Advantages of CLR
 Interoperation between managed code and
unmanaged code (COM, DLLs).
 Managed code environment
 Improved memory handling
 Improved “garbage collection”

20. Advantages of CLR
 JIT allows code to run in a protected environment as
managed code.
 JIT allows the IL code to be hardware independent.
 CLR also allows for enforcement of code access
security.
 Verification of type safety.
 Access to Metadata (enhanced Type Information)

21. Common Language
Infrastructure

22. CLI

23. Common Language Infrastructure
 CLI allows for cross-language development.
 Four components:
 Common Type System (CTS)
 Meta-data in a language agnostic fashion.
 Common Language Specification – behaviors that all
languages need to follow.
 A Virtual Execution System (VES).

24. Common Type System (CTS)
 A specification for how types are defined and
how they behave.
 no syntax specified
 A type can contain zero or more members:
 Field
 Method
 Property
 Event

25. Common Type System (CTS)
String Array ValueType Exception Delegate Class1
Multicast
Delegate
Class2
Class3
Object
Enum1
Structure1Enum
Primitive types
Boolean
Byte
Int16
Int32
Int64
Char
Single
Double
Decimal
DateTime
System-defined types
User-defined types
Delegate1
TimeSpan
Guid

26. CTS Data Types

27. Common Data Types
CLR provides a set of primitive types that all languages
must support. The data types include:
 Integer—three types 16/32/64 bits
 Float—two types: 32/64 bits
 Boolean and Character
 Date/time and Time span
 The primitive types can be collected into
 Arrays
 Structures
 Combination of the two

28. Common Language Specification (CLS)
 Not all languages support all CTS types and
features
 C# is case sensitive, VB.NET is not
 C# supports pointer types (in unsafe mode), VB.NET
does not
 C# supports operator overloading, VB.NET does not
 CLS was drafted to promote language
interoperability
 vast majority of classes within FCL are CLS-compliant

29. Comparison to Java
Hello.java Hello.class JVM
compile execute
Hello.vb Hello.exe CLR
compile execute
Source code Byte code
CILSource code

30. Base Class Library @ FCL
Unified Classes
Web Classes (ASP.NET)
XML Classes
System Classes
Drawing Classes
Windows FormsData (ADO.NET)
Controls, Caching, Security, Session, Configuration etc
Collections, Diagnostics, Globalization, IO, Security,
Threading Serialization, Reflection, Messaging etc
ADO, SQL,Types etc
Drawing, Imaging, Text, etc
Design, Cmpnt Model etc
XSLT, Path, Serialization etc

31. Base Class Library
 Similar to Java’s System namespace.
 Used by all .NET applications
 Has classes for IO, threading, database, text, graphics,
console, sockets/web/mail, security, cryptography,
COM, run-time type discovery/invocation, assembly
generation

32. Framework Class Library @ BCL
 Single consistent set of object oriented class libraries
to enable building distributed web applications
(Unified Classes)
 Built using classes arranged across logical hierarchical
namespaces
 Work with all CLR languages
 No more “VBRun” or “MFC” divide

33. Example

34. Intermediate Language (IL)
 .NET languages are not compiled to machine code.
They are compiled to an Intermediate Language (IL).
 CLR accepts the IL code and recompiles it to machine
code. The recompilation is just-in-time (JIT) meaning
it is done as soon as a function or subroutine is called.
 The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls. In
cases where there is not enough memory it is
discarded thus making JIT process interpretive.

35. Queries?

36. Thank you !!!

37. Disclaimer
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