This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on particle technology. The course will cover topics like particle characterization, size reduction and enlargement, properties and handling of solids, conveying and separation processes. It will help students understand concepts related to particle formation, transport, separation and size reduction. Key reference books are listed. Particle technology involves techniques for processing and handling particulate solids and powders across many industries. Size reduction is important as it increases surface area and enables other processes. Methods of size reduction include compression, impact, attrition and shearing.

1. Introduction to Particle technology
Subject code: CHT-302
Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Arslan Jameel Malik

2. Course outline:
• Characterization Of Solid Particles
• Size reduction and enlargement
• Properties and handling of solids
• Conveying of solids
• Mechanical seperations
• Filtration
• Crystallization

3. CLO’s
• ClO1: Understand and apply the concepts of particle
characterization, formation, particle handling ,transport,
mechanical separation and size reduction.
• CLO2: Develop an understanding of solid-liquid mixing,
sedimentation, fluidization and fluid behavior of solid particles.

4. Reference BOOKs
• Rhodes, Martin J. (1998). Introduction to Particle Technology.
Wiley n sons.
• Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering by McCabe Smith.
• Principles of chemical engineering by Richardson and Coulson
volume 2

5. What is Particle Technology?
• Particulate/particles: A minute solid or small piece of solid.
“Any portion of matter that is suspended in its environment for an
observable period of time”.
Technology: technical method
Particle technology: Techniques for the processing and handling of
particulate solids and powders.
. Unit Operations: Physical changes e.g size reduction, distillation,
crystallization.
. Unit Processes: chemical changes e.g Nitration, sulphonation,
halogenation etc.

6. • Chemical Engineering: it is the branch of engineering which is
concerned with the development and application of manufacturing
processes which involves various unit operations and unit
processes.
• Chemical Engineer: A person who is concerned with the design,
construction and operation of the equipment.

7. Scope:
Its scope spans a range of industries to include chemical,
petrochemical, agricultural, food, pharmaceuticals, mineral
processing, civil engineering, advanced materials, energy, and the
environment.
Particle physics, Nanotechnology.

8. Why we study particle technology?
• 1: Power production.
• 2: Water purification.
• 3: Agriculture
• 4: Environment

9. Chapter 1: Size Reduction
• Introduction and importance of size reduction.
• Mechanism of size reduction
• Energy utilization
• Laws of size reduction
• Nature of material to be crushed
• Methods of size reduction and classification of equipments

10. Size reduction:
• Size reduction: decrease in dia/size of particle.
• Size enlargement: increase in size of particle e.g agglomeration
and flocculation, granulation.
• 1: Crushing---coarse product.
• 2: Grinding----intermediate size
• 3: Pulverization-----fine product
Coarse particles=50 to 5mm
Intermediate=5 to 0.1mm fine particles less than 0.1mm

11. Importance of size reduction
• 1: increase in the surface area e.g chemical reaction engineering.
• 2: intimate mixing of solids.
• 3: Separation of unwanted materials e.g extraction or leaching.
• 4:easy handling and transportation.
• 5: color and covering power of pigments.
• 6: Drying of porous solids.

12. Methods/forces of size reduction
1: Compression----disintegration by 2 rigid forces e.g Nut cracker.
Product---coarse particles.
2: Impact----breaking by a single rigid force e.g a hammer.
Product---intermediate particles.
3: Attrition/ rubbing----scraping of one particle against another e.g
a file. Fine product.
4: shearing/cutting-----particle interaction to produce a definite
size or shape particle e.g a scissors.