Origins of Exercise Physiology

1. Physiology of
Exercise and
Physical
Activity

2. OBJECTIVES
Differentiate physical exercise and
physical activity
Explain what is physiology, exercise
and physical activity
Perform some exercises and physical activity
01
03
02

4. How do you define exercise?
It is a planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful physical
activity that , that maintain or improve one or more of the
components of physical fitness. e.g.: training for or
performing athletics and sports
What is physical activity?
It is the Body movement produced by muscle action that
increases energy expenditure. Physical activity includes
exercise as well as other activities which involve bodily
movement and are done as part of playing, working, house
chores and recreational activities, shopping, gardening,
swimming, house keeping and work-related activities, etc.

5. What is physiology of exercise?
Exercise physiology is the study of the body’s responses to physical
activity. These responses include changes in metabolism and in physiology
of different areas of the body like the heart, lungs, and muscles, and
structural changes in cells. The word exercise comes from the
Latin exercitus, “to drive forth,” while physiology comes from the
words physis (“nature”) and logia (“study”).
As an academic discipline:
• Body of knowledge built on facts and theories derived from research.
• Formal course of study in institutions of higher learning
• Professional preparation of practitioners, future investigators, and leaders in
the field.

6. What is exercise?
It is a planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful
physical activity that , that maintain or improve one or
more of the components of physical fitness. e.g.:
training for or performing athletics and sports
What is physical activity?
It is the Body movement produced by muscle action that
increases energy expenditure. Physical activity includes
exercise as well as other activities which involve bodily
movement and are done as part of playing, working, house
chores and recreational activities, shopping, gardening,
swimming, house keeping and work-related activities, etc.

7. What is exercise training?
The repeated use of exercise to improve physical fitnes
Adaptations to Exercise
Acute adaptations
-The changes in human physiology that occur during exercise or
physical activity
Chronic adaptations
-The alterations in the structure and functions of the body that occur in
response to the regular completion of physical activity and exercise.

8. What does training do?
• Permits adaptations within the physiological systems to
minimize the disturbance to homeostasis resulting from
exercise
• This means exercise intensity can be increased for a given
distance or duration, or a given intensity can be sustained
longer

9. Physiological Interaction with Training
• Oxygen delivery
• Heat dissipation
• Motor control
• Substrate delivery
• Endurance
• Power output
• Hormonal responses

10. BRIEF HISTORY OF EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY
The Greek physician Hippocrates is one of the earliest-recorded and most
well-known proponents of exercise. He recommended moderate exercise in
order to stay healthy and even improve health.
Other prominent ancient scholars throughout history followed suit, including
Plato, Aristotle, and the Roman physician Galen, who believed that
exercise improved general health, metabolism, and muscle tone, and even
led to better bowel movements.
Later, the Persian physician Avicenna also wrote in support of Galen in the
medical text Canon of Medicine. Avicenna believed that exercise balanced
the four body humors (an idea that was popular at the time and had been
passed down from Ancient Greece). Importantly, he also recognized that too
much exercise could have negative effects on the body.

13. 16TH century • The start of Scientific Revolution, physicians began to write
books on exercise.
• One of the earliest known books on exercise was Book of
Bodily Exercise, written by the Spanish physician Cristobal
Mendez.
19th century • Some medical textbooks began to include chapters on exercise.
1910 • The first true exercise physiology textbook, Exercise in
Education and Medicine by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie was
published.
20th century • Laboratories devoted to the study of exercise physiology were
also established.
1927 • Harvard Fatigue Laboratory were opened.
1944 • Physical Fitness Research Laboratory at University of Illinois
were opened.
1948 • The Journal of Applied Physiology began to be published.

14. Types of Exercise Physiology
SPORTS EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
use knowledge of the body’s response to exercise in order to
develop training regimens for athletes. Such regimens include
fitness conditioning, which is the process of training to become
more physically fit through periods of exercising certain muscles
and resting
use of physical activity for therapy, treatment, and
prevention of chronic diseases.
CLINICAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

15. Why physiology of exercise should
be taught?
To understand how the basic physiological functioning of the
human body is modified by effects of short- and long- term
exercises as well as the mechanisms causing these changes.
Provide quality physical education programs in schools colleges
and universities that stimulate children and adolescents both
physically and intellectually.

16. Apply the results of scientific research to maximize health,
rehabilitation, and/or athletic performance in a variety of
populations.
Respond accurately to questions as well as recognize myths and
misconceptions regarding exercise. Good advice should be
based on scientific evidence.
To become lifelong exercisers, students need to understand how
physical activity can benefit them, why they take physical fitness
tests, and what to do with fitness test results.

17. Relationship of energy metabolism to performance
Effectiveness of training programs, environmental factors,
individual differences on fitness development and performance ,
various rehabilitation programs
Understand the effects of various exercises on various systems
of the body and therapeutic effects associated with exercise

18. Quiz 1: Answer the following
questions briefly.
1. In your own perspective, create 5 goals of exercise
physiology or physiology of physical activity? Explain
each.
2. What are the physiological benefits of physical
education and exercise?

19. Everything to know about VO2
MAX
VO₂ max refers to how much oxygen your
body can absorb and use
during exercise.
VO₂ max is the maximum (max) rate (V) of oxygen (O₂)
your body is able to use during exercise.
ATP powers your cells and helps release the carbon dioxide
(CO₂) that’s created during your respiratory process when
you exhale.
Oxygen is a critical ingredient in the respiratory process that’s involved in
breathing. As you breathe in oxygen, your lungs absorb and turn it into
energy called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

20. How is VO₂ max measured?
Typically, VO₂ max tests are conducted in a medical facility like a lab
or hospital by a doctor, cardiologist, or fitness specialist.
How to determine VO₂ max METS
Want to get really geeky? Here’s the methodology for figuring out what
your VO₂ max is as a figure called metabolic equivalents (METS). That’s
the official term for how much energy your body uses when it’s resting.
Basically, 1 MET equals about 3.5 milliliters (mL) of oxygen (O₂) divided by
how much you weigh times a single minute.
That looks like this: 1 MET = 3.5 mL O₂ / kilograms (kg) x minute.What’s
considered a ‘good’ VO₂ max?

21. How is VO₂ max measured?
Typically, VO₂ max tests are conducted in a medical facility like a lab
or hospital by a doctor, cardiologist, or fitness specialist.
How to determine VO₂ max METS
Want to get really geeky? Here’s the methodology for figuring out what
your VO₂ max is as a figure called metabolic equivalents (METS). That’s
the official term for how much energy your body uses when it’s resting.
Basically, 1 MET equals about 3.5 milliliters (mL) of oxygen (O₂) divided by
how much you weigh times a single minute.
That looks like this: 1 MET = 3.5 mL O₂ / kilograms (kg) x minute.What’s
considered a ‘good’ VO₂ max?

22. Typical VO₂ max for people born
male measured in METS
: