This document provides an overview of e-commerce, including types of e-commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B), advantages like eliminating geographical barriers and 24/7 availability, drawbacks like security concerns and potential for miscommunication, security threats like viruses and worms, the importance of privacy and preventing fraud, and methods for secure data transmission including encryption, digital signatures, security certificates, and the Secure Socket Layer protocol.

1. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CLASS X (Code 165)
TOPIC:
UNIT 3: Cyber Ethics : E-commerce
By
HIMANSHU PATHAK

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Types of E-commerce
• Advantages of E-commerce
• Drawbacks of E-commerce
– Security Threats
– Privacy
– Fraud
• Secure Data transmission
– Security Measures
– Secure Socket Layer

3. Introduction
• E-commerce is also known as electronic
commerce or internet commerce.
• E-Commerce means buying and selling of
goods, products, or services over the internet.
• The standard definition of E-commerce is
a commercial transaction which is happened
over the internet.
• Online stores like Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Olx
are some examples of E-commerce websites.

4. Cont…
• To understand what e-commerce is with an
example, consider a scenario wherein we log in
to the Flipkart website.
• On this website, we get the chance to interact
with the vendor, get information about the
product like images, and detailed descriptions in
the form of text.
• If we like the product, we place the order by
sharing a delivery address and making the final
payment.

5. Types of E - Commerce
• Business to Business (B2B)
– Here the companies are doing business with each
other.
– The end consumer is not involved in any transaction.
– So the online transactions only involve
the manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers etc.
• Business to Consumer (B2C)
– Here the company will sell their goods and/or
services directly to the consumer.
– Popular examples are Amazon, Flipkart etc.

6. Cont…
• Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
– The consumers are in direct contact with each other.
– No company is involved.
– It helps people sell their personal goods and assets
directly to an interested party.
– OLX, Quikr etc follow this model.
• Consumer to Business (C2B)
– This is the reverse of B2C.
– So the consumer provides a good or some service to
the company.
– Say for example an IT freelancer who demos and sells his
software to a company.

7. Advantages of E - Commerce
• E-commerce has eliminated the geographical
barrier. Buyer and seller can communicate from
any part of the world.
• E-commerce is the 24*7 available shop, i.e. the
website is available at any time for shopping.
• It provides quick delivery of goods.
• Customer complaints are also addressed quickly.

8. Drawbacks of E - Commerce
• The start-up cost of e-commerce is high.
• Not all websites get success.
• Security is the primary concern in e-commerce.
• Due to interaction in the online medium,
miscommunication between customer and
company occurs.
• There are also incidents when the shipments are
misplaced, or the wrong order is delivered.

9. Security Threats
• Threat can be anything that can take advantage
of a vulnerability to breach security.
• Software attacks means attack by viruses,
Worms, Trojan Horse etc.
• Virus is malicious codes/program that causes to
data and files on a system.
• A Worm is a self replicating program which eat
up the entire disk space.
• Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless
code but actual performs malicious function.

10. Privacy
• Privacy means the extent to which a user’s data is kept
secret.
• It is the most important factor because it builds trust
among users/ customers.
• During an online transaction, many personal details of
customers such as credit/ debit card numbers, contact
information, etc. are provided to the merchant company.
• Sometimes they sell it to other companies to make profits
which may lead to cyber-crime against the user.
• Thus, it is important to protect the privacy of the user.
• To do so, merchant companies use HTTPS/ SSL protocol
along with firewall.

11. Fraud
• Fraud is an act of cheating user by various
means to steal his wealth.
• E-commerce is any type of false or illegal
transaction completed by someone from a bank
account of other person without his/her
permission. It is also called Cyber Crime.
• Some examples are charity fraud, online ticket
fraud, online gambling fraud, prize claiming etc.

12. Secure Data Transmission
• Following are the essential requirements for safe
e-commerce transaction:
– Confidentiality: Information should not be accessible
to an unauthorized person.
– Availability: Information should be provided
wherever and whenever required within time limit.
– Authenticity: There should be a mechanism to
authenticate a user.

13. Security Measures
• Encryption: Sender send the data after
encryption by using cypher code and only
authorized user who has a decrypt key, only get
information.
• Digital Signature: It ensures the authenticity of
the information.
• Security certificates: It is a unique digital id used
to verify the identity of an individual website or
user.

14. Secure Socket Layer - SSL
• Secure Data Transmission is the transfer of
data over a secure channel using encrypting
protocols such as SSL, SSH etc.
• Secure Socket Layer is the most commonly
used protocol and have the following security
measure:
– Authentication
– Encryption
– Integrity

15. Summary
• We learned:
E-commerce & their related issues.
• In the next class, we will start Unit IV –
Scratch in detail.
•Thanks