Computer Science Engineering integrates computer science, mathematics, and engineering to create software and hardware systems, with a rich history spanning from early mechanical calculators to the rise of personal computing. Key fundamentals include computer hardware components like CPUs and memory, software types such as operating systems and application software, and programming paradigms. Emerging trends include artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and big data analytics, offering diverse career opportunities in software engineering, data science, and cybersecurity.

1. Introduction to
Computer Science
Engineering
Computer Science Engineering is a dynamic field that combines the principles
of computer science, mathematics, and engineering to design, develop, and
maintain software and hardware systems. This presentation will provide an
overview of the history, fundamentals, and emerging trends in this exciting
discipline.
by Jeesan Shekh
JS

2. History and Development of
Computer Science
1 Early Computing Devices
The origins of computer science can be traced back to the
19th century, with the development of mechanical calculators
and analytical engines.
2 Emergence of Digital Computers
The 1940s and 1950s saw the creation of the first electronic
digital computers, such as the ENIAC and the UNIVAC I.
3 Rise of Personal Computing
The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the proliferation of personal
computers, revolutionizing the way people interact with
technology.

3. Fundamentals of Computer Hardware
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
The CPU is the "brain" of the
computer, responsible for executing
instructions and performing
calculations.
Memory (RAM and Storage)
Memory components, such as RAM
and storage devices, store data and
instructions for the CPU to access.
Input/Output Devices
Devices like keyboards, mice,
monitors, and printers enable users
to interact with the computer system.

4. Fundamentals of Computer
Software
1 Operating Systems
Manage the computer's hardware and provide a user interface, such
as Windows, macOS, or Linux.
2 Application Software
Programs designed for specific tasks, like word processors,
spreadsheets, and media players.
3 System Software
Low-level programs that control the computer's hardware and facilitate
the execution of application software.
4 Software Development
The process of designing, implementing, and testing computer
programs to meet user requirements.

5. Programming Languages and Paradigms
Imperative Languages
C, Java, and Python, which focus on
step-by-step instructions to
accomplish tasks.
Declarative Languages
SQL and Prolog, which describe
what the program should do rather
than how to do it.
Functional Languages
Lisp and Haskell, which treat
computation as the evaluation of
mathematical functions.

6. Data Structures and
Algorithms
Data Structures
Organized ways of storing and manipulating data, such as arrays, linked
lists, and hash tables.
Algorithms
Step-by-step procedures for solving problems, like sorting, searching,
and graph traversal.
Efficiency Analysis
Evaluating the time and space complexity of algorithms to optimize their
performance.
Algorithm Design
Developing new algorithms or modifying existing ones to solve complex
problems efficiently.

7. Computer Networks and Communication
1
Network Protocols
Standardized rules that govern the
exchange of data between devices,
such as TCP/IP and HTTP.
2
Network Topologies
The physical and logical
arrangement of network
components, including bus, star,
and mesh topologies.
3
Network Security
Techniques and technologies used
to protect networks and data from
unauthorized access and threats.

8. Cybersecurity and Privacy
Access Control
Mechanisms to restrict unauthorized access to systems and data.
Threat Detection
Identifying and defending against various cyber threats, such as malware and
hacking attempts.
Data Encryption
Techniques to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and
disclosure.
Privacy Protection
Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of personal information and user
data.

9. Emerging Trends in Computer Science
1 Artificial Intelligence
The development of machines and algorithms that
can perform tasks typically requiring human
intelligence.
2 Quantum Computing
The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to
perform computations that are intractable for
classical computers.
3 Internet of Things (IoT)
The interconnection of everyday devices and
appliances, enabling them to communicate and
exchange data.
4 Big Data and Analytics
The collection, processing, and analysis of large,
complex datasets to uncover insights and patterns.

10. Career Opportunities in
Computer Science
Engineering
Software Engineering Designing, developing, and
maintaining computer programs
and applications.
Data Science Extracting insights and knowledge
from large, complex datasets.
Cybersecurity Protecting computer systems,
networks, and data from
unauthorized access and threats.
Computer Systems Administration Managing and maintaining the
hardware and software
components of computer systems.