Syria, located in the heart of the Middle East, has a population of over 22 million, primarily Arabic-speaking Muslims, with a rich cultural heritage in music and cuisine. Historically significant, it is home to two of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, Damascus and Aleppo, and has been a center of agriculture since 10,000 BC. Currently, Syria is facing challenges due to the ongoing civil war and has been ruled by the Ba'ath party and the Assad family since 1970.