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introducing applied ludology
hands-on methods for game design research




             Aki Järvinen

    www.gameswithoutfrontier s.net
manuscript
ludology is no method
abundance of descriptiveness
need for systematics
need for commensurability
call for practical, concrete
 application of ludological
          concepts
‘ludo-psychology’
unifying theory
solutions
in games
without
frontiers
typologies, categories, templates
‘rapid analysis methods’
game design research
for students & teachers
game analysis boot camp
‘100+
 games
project’
Asteroids                                           Rummy games:
                             Ta g
Doom                                                Gin, Canasta       Croquet
                             Space Invaders
Paintball                                           Magic the          Black Jack
                             Dance Dance
Soccer                                              Gathering          Petanque
                             Revolution
Ice Hockey                                          Mastermind         Diner Dash
                             Animal Crossing
Basketball                                          Frequency          Nintendogs
                             The Sims
Ice Skating                                         Wo r l d o f       Bowling
                             MS Flight
Ta b l e t o p R P G s                              Warcraft           Halo
                             Simulator
Te x a s H o l d ' e m                              Modern Art         Hundred meter
                             Tr a c k & F i e l d
Poker                                               Bridge (Contract   sprint
                             Roulette
Carcassonne                                         Bridge)            Deal or No Deal
                             Slot machine
Go                                                  SimCity            Who Wants to be
                             Rush Hour
Jigsaw puzzles                                      Missile Command    a Millionaire
                             14/15 Puzzle
Te t r i s                                          FallOut            Singstar
                             Rubik's Cube
Botfighters                                         Rez                Mancala
                             Hex
Lotto                                               Silent Hill        Darts
                             Myst
Legend of Zelda                                     Chu-Chu Rocket     Mario Kart
                             ICO
series                                              Bomberman          Rock Paper
                             Zork
SSX                                                 Half-life          Scissors
                             Final Fantasy
Te k k e n s e r i e s                              Grand Theft Auto   Pokemon
                             series
Civilization                                        III                Lost Cities
                             Billiards
Ticket to Ride                                      Scratch ticket     Max Payne
                             Boxing
Da Vinci Code                                       Manga Manga!       Puzzle Bobble
                             Backgammon
Ricochet Robot                                      Bejeweled, Zoo     We r e w o l f / M a f i a
                             Fantasy leagues
Monopoly                                            Keeper             L a b y r i n t h Wo o d e n
                             Connect-4
Snakes & Ladders                                    Breakout           Maze
                             Scrabble
Pac-Man                                             Arkanoid           Qix
                             Fox & Geese
Pong                                                Skeet              Loop
                             Lord of the
T i c - Ta c - To e                                 Super Monkey       Tw i s t e r
                             Rings: Boardgame
Tr i v i a l P u r s u i t                          Ball               Hopscotch
                             Draughts /
Pictionary                                          Tu g o f W a r     Bingo
                             Checkers
Alias                                               Sudoku             Bonnie's
                             Risk
Chess                                               Niagara            Bookstore
                             Starcraft
Uno                                                 Zuma               Snake
                             Cribbage
Solitaire                                           Musical Chairs     Flow
                             Dominoes
(Windows)                                           Ye n g a
components
             environment
             information
  game          theme
           game mechanics
elements       rule set
                players
               contexts
theor y of player experience
moods, emotions, pleasures,
   enjoyment, pretense
emotions as valenced
reactions to events, agents,
         or objects
adapting
the OCC
model
self / other / system
key
concepts
psychology of goals
the road to attaining goals is
      beset by emotions
Accomplish        Gain Information
Accumulate        Gain Ownership
Alignment         Guard
Capture           Herd
Collection        King of the Hill
Conceal           Last Man Standing
Configuration     Match
Connection        Nur ture
Contact           Outplay
Deliver y         Overcome
Discard           Race
Eliminate         Reconnaissance
Enclosure         Rescue
Evade             Stealth
Exploration       Sur vive
Gain Competence   Tr a v e r s e
game mechanics as verbs
Accelerating / Decelerating   Information-seeking
Aiming & Shooting             Jumping
Allocating                    Manoeuvring
Arranging                     Motion
Attacking / Defending         Moving
Bidding                       Operating
Browsing                      Pe r fo r m i n g
Building                      Placing
Buying / Selling              Po i n t - t o - p o i n t M ove m e n t
Catching                      Powe r i n g
Choosing                      Sequencing
Composing                     Sprinting / Slowing
Conquering                    Stor ytelling
Contracting                   Submitting
Controlling                   Substituting
Conversing                    Ta k i n g
Discarding                    Tr a d i n g
Enclosing                     Tr a n s f o r m i n g
Expressing                    Upgrading / Downgrading
Herding                       Vo t i n g
cognitive, physical & psychomotor
             abilities
Ideational Fluency
                               Induction
Language
                                                                Naming Facility
development                    Quantitative
                               Reasoning                        Associational
Ve r b a l ( P r i n t e d )
                                                                Fluency
language                       Memor y Span
comprehension                                                   Expressional Fluency
                               Associative Memor y
Lexical knowledge                                               Wo r d F l u e n c y
                               Meaningful Memor y
Reading                                                         Sensitivity to
                               Visual Memor y
comprehension                                                   Problems
                               Visualization
Special Reading                                                 Originality /
                               Spatial Reasoning
comprehension                                                   Creativity
                               Closure Speed
Reading Decoding                                                Figural Fluency
                               Closure flexibility
Reading Speed                                                   Figural Flexibility
                               Pe r c e p t u a l S p e e d
Cloze ability                                                   Sensor y Ability
                               Hearing Acuity
Spelling ability                                                Ability to attend
                               Hearing Acuity
Foreign Language                                                Cognitive Style
                               (phonemic)
Profiency                                                       Static strength
                               Speech Synthesis
Phonetic Coding                                                 Gross body
                               Speech Sound
Grammatical                                                     Equilibrium
                               Discrimination
Sensitivity                                                     Choice Reaction
                               General Sound
Foreign Language                                                Time
                               Discrimination
Aptitude                                                        Reaction Time
                               Sound Frequency
Communication                                                   Speed of Limb
                               Discrimination
ability                                                         Movement
                               Sound Intensity/
Listening Ability /                                             Wrist-finger Speed
                               Duration
Comprehension                  Discrimination                   Multilimb
Oral Production                                                 coordination
                               Musical sensitivity
Oral Style                                                      Finger Dexterity
                               Resistance to
Writing Ability                Stimulus Distor tion             Manual Dexterity
Sequential Reasoning           Te m p o r a l T r a c k i n g
player ability sets
model of
gameplay
dynamics
analysis
methods
Example:
identifying
eliciting
conditions
for
suspense
suspense as a compound emotion
  of hope + fear + uncer tainty
model of
suspense
elicitation
in games
next step:
online
analysis
tools
infinite online database
a teaching aide
OTHER PAGES
                                                                                                 Analysis
                                                                                    Search
                                        Help                            Teacher
                                                                                                 summary
                                                                                    query
                                        pop-up                          UI
                         from any                                                                page
                                                                                    results
                                                        admin
 method                  method
                                                        login
 selection               view
 screen


                                 IGE METHOD: pages 3 to 5

                                            Identify             Identify         Identify       Identify
 Identify    Identify       Identify
                                            Interface            Theme            Players        Contexts
 Compo-      Environ-       Informa-
 nents       ments          tion


                                                                                                 Summa-
                                                                                                 rize &
                                                                                                             Start
                                                                                                 Add
                                                                                                 Notes
                                 GGM METHOD
             Identify       Define                                                 Summa-
                                                                 Link Mec-
                                           Identify &
             Game           Game                                                   rize &
                                                                 hanics
                                           Categorize
             Mecha-                                                                            Start
                            Mech.                                                  Add
                                                                 to Goals
                                           Goals
             nics           Relations                                              Notes




                                                                  IEC METHOD
                                                                                                 Analyse
                                                                                  Analyse
             Define
 Select                                                          Identify
                            Identify        Identify                                             Proxim.
                                                                                  Proxim.
             Game
 Emotion                                                         Uncer-
                            Fear            Hope                                                 to End
                                                                                  to Victory
             Sequ-
 type                                                            tainty                          Condition
                                                                                  Condition
             ence

                                                                                                 Summa-
 TBA in
                                                                                                 rize &
 phase2!
                                                                                                             Start
                                                                                                 Add
                                                                                                 Notes
                                 PAS METHOD
TBA in
                            Identify        Construct
             Choose
phase2!
                            Uncer-          Player
             from
                                                                Start
                            tainty          Ability
             GGM
                            Factors         Set
             Analyses




                                 IGR METHOD
TBA in                                                                            Summa-
             Identify       Identify        Identify            Identify
phase2!!                                                                          rize &       Start
             Motiv. &       Goals &         Feedback            Outcome
                                                                                  Add
             Gratif.        Means           Rhetoric            Rhetoric
mygamestudies.com

  2007 . 12 . 10
aki@gameswithoutfrontiers.net

  http://www.gameswithoutfrontier s.net

       http://www.slideshare .net/
         gameswithoutfrontiers

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Introducing Applied Ludology: Hands-on Methods for Game Design Research

  • 1. introducing applied ludology hands-on methods for game design research Aki Järvinen www.gameswithoutfrontier s.net
  • 7. call for practical, concrete application of ludological concepts
  • 14. for students & teachers
  • 17. Asteroids Rummy games: Ta g Doom Gin, Canasta Croquet Space Invaders Paintball Magic the Black Jack Dance Dance Soccer Gathering Petanque Revolution Ice Hockey Mastermind Diner Dash Animal Crossing Basketball Frequency Nintendogs The Sims Ice Skating Wo r l d o f Bowling MS Flight Ta b l e t o p R P G s Warcraft Halo Simulator Te x a s H o l d ' e m Modern Art Hundred meter Tr a c k & F i e l d Poker Bridge (Contract sprint Roulette Carcassonne Bridge) Deal or No Deal Slot machine Go SimCity Who Wants to be Rush Hour Jigsaw puzzles Missile Command a Millionaire 14/15 Puzzle Te t r i s FallOut Singstar Rubik's Cube Botfighters Rez Mancala Hex Lotto Silent Hill Darts Myst Legend of Zelda Chu-Chu Rocket Mario Kart ICO series Bomberman Rock Paper Zork SSX Half-life Scissors Final Fantasy Te k k e n s e r i e s Grand Theft Auto Pokemon series Civilization III Lost Cities Billiards Ticket to Ride Scratch ticket Max Payne Boxing Da Vinci Code Manga Manga! Puzzle Bobble Backgammon Ricochet Robot Bejeweled, Zoo We r e w o l f / M a f i a Fantasy leagues Monopoly Keeper L a b y r i n t h Wo o d e n Connect-4 Snakes & Ladders Breakout Maze Scrabble Pac-Man Arkanoid Qix Fox & Geese Pong Skeet Loop Lord of the T i c - Ta c - To e Super Monkey Tw i s t e r Rings: Boardgame Tr i v i a l P u r s u i t Ball Hopscotch Draughts / Pictionary Tu g o f W a r Bingo Checkers Alias Sudoku Bonnie's Risk Chess Niagara Bookstore Starcraft Uno Zuma Snake Cribbage Solitaire Musical Chairs Flow Dominoes (Windows) Ye n g a
  • 18. components environment information game theme game mechanics elements rule set players contexts
  • 19. theor y of player experience
  • 20. moods, emotions, pleasures, enjoyment, pretense
  • 21. emotions as valenced reactions to events, agents, or objects
  • 23. self / other / system
  • 24.
  • 27. the road to attaining goals is beset by emotions
  • 28. Accomplish Gain Information Accumulate Gain Ownership Alignment Guard Capture Herd Collection King of the Hill Conceal Last Man Standing Configuration Match Connection Nur ture Contact Outplay Deliver y Overcome Discard Race Eliminate Reconnaissance Enclosure Rescue Evade Stealth Exploration Sur vive Gain Competence Tr a v e r s e
  • 30. Accelerating / Decelerating Information-seeking Aiming & Shooting Jumping Allocating Manoeuvring Arranging Motion Attacking / Defending Moving Bidding Operating Browsing Pe r fo r m i n g Building Placing Buying / Selling Po i n t - t o - p o i n t M ove m e n t Catching Powe r i n g Choosing Sequencing Composing Sprinting / Slowing Conquering Stor ytelling Contracting Submitting Controlling Substituting Conversing Ta k i n g Discarding Tr a d i n g Enclosing Tr a n s f o r m i n g Expressing Upgrading / Downgrading Herding Vo t i n g
  • 31. cognitive, physical & psychomotor abilities
  • 32. Ideational Fluency Induction Language Naming Facility development Quantitative Reasoning Associational Ve r b a l ( P r i n t e d ) Fluency language Memor y Span comprehension Expressional Fluency Associative Memor y Lexical knowledge Wo r d F l u e n c y Meaningful Memor y Reading Sensitivity to Visual Memor y comprehension Problems Visualization Special Reading Originality / Spatial Reasoning comprehension Creativity Closure Speed Reading Decoding Figural Fluency Closure flexibility Reading Speed Figural Flexibility Pe r c e p t u a l S p e e d Cloze ability Sensor y Ability Hearing Acuity Spelling ability Ability to attend Hearing Acuity Foreign Language Cognitive Style (phonemic) Profiency Static strength Speech Synthesis Phonetic Coding Gross body Speech Sound Grammatical Equilibrium Discrimination Sensitivity Choice Reaction General Sound Foreign Language Time Discrimination Aptitude Reaction Time Sound Frequency Communication Speed of Limb Discrimination ability Movement Sound Intensity/ Listening Ability / Wrist-finger Speed Duration Comprehension Discrimination Multilimb Oral Production coordination Musical sensitivity Oral Style Finger Dexterity Resistance to Writing Ability Stimulus Distor tion Manual Dexterity Sequential Reasoning Te m p o r a l T r a c k i n g
  • 37. suspense as a compound emotion of hope + fear + uncer tainty
  • 38.
  • 43. OTHER PAGES Analysis Search Help Teacher summary query pop-up UI from any page results admin method method login selection view screen IGE METHOD: pages 3 to 5 Identify Identify Identify Identify Identify Identify Identify Interface Theme Players Contexts Compo- Environ- Informa- nents ments tion Summa- rize & Start Add Notes GGM METHOD Identify Define Summa- Link Mec- Identify & Game Game rize & hanics Categorize Mecha- Start Mech. Add to Goals Goals nics Relations Notes IEC METHOD Analyse Analyse Define Select Identify Identify Identify Proxim. Proxim. Game Emotion Uncer- Fear Hope to End to Victory Sequ- type tainty Condition Condition ence Summa- TBA in rize & phase2! Start Add Notes PAS METHOD TBA in Identify Construct Choose phase2! Uncer- Player from Start tainty Ability GGM Factors Set Analyses IGR METHOD TBA in Summa- Identify Identify Identify Identify phase2!! rize & Start Motiv. & Goals & Feedback Outcome Add Gratif. Means Rhetoric Rhetoric
  • 45. aki@gameswithoutfrontiers.net http://www.gameswithoutfrontier s.net http://www.slideshare .net/ gameswithoutfrontiers