This document discusses sympathetic drugs and their mechanisms of action. It describes direct-acting, indirect-acting, and mixed-acting sympathetic agonists (sympathomimetics) such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and various others. It also discusses sympathetic antagonists (sympatholytics) including adrenergic neuron blockers, adrenergic receptor blockers, beta blockers, and others. Various clinical indications and toxicities of these drugs are mentioned.

1. AUTONOMICS MA. JANETTH B. SERRANO, M.D. DPBA

3. Sympathetic Agonists SYMPATHOMIMETICS

4. Sympathetic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) EPINEPHRINE NOREPINEPHRINE DOPAMINE IBOPAMINE AMPHETAMINE METHAMPHETAMINE EPHEDRINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE DOBUTAMINE ISOPROTERENOL β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

5. Sympathetic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) PHENYLEPHRINE METHOXAMINE MEPHENTERMINE METARAMINOL MITODRINE β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

6. Sympathetic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) METHYLDOPA CLONIDINE GUANABENZ GUANFACINE β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

7. Sympathetic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) NAPHAZOLINE TETRAHYDROZOLINE OXYMETAZOLINE XYLOMETAZOLINE β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

8. Sympathetic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) METAPROTERENOL TERBUTALINE, ALBUTEROL RITODRINE ISOETHARINE, PILBUTEROL BITOLTEROL, FENOTEROL FORMOTEROL, SALMETEROL PROCATEROL β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

11. Sympathetic Antagonists SYMPATHOLYTICS

13. Sympathetic Antagonists (Sympatholytics) YOHIMBINE BUTOXAMINE LABETALOL CARVEDILOL Β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

14. Sympathetic Antagonists (Sympatholytics) PRAZOSIN, TERAZOSIN DOXAZOSIN, TRIMAZOSIN INDORAMIN, URADIPIL KETANSERIN, ALFUZOSIN BUNAZOSIN, TAMSULOSIN α 1 and α 2 β 1 and β 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

15. Sympathetic Antagonists (Sympatholytics) PHENOXYBENZAMINE PHENTOLAMINE ERGOT ALKALOIDS NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS Β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

19. Sympathetic Antagonists (Sympatholytics) METOPROLOL ATENOLOL ACEBUTOLOL BETAXOLOL CELIPROLOL ESMOLOL Β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

20. Sympathetic Antagonists (Sympatholytics) PROPRANOLOL NADOLOL, TIMOLOL PINDOLOL, LEVOBUNOLOL CARTEOLOL, BISOPROLOL Β 1 and β 2 α 1 and α 2 β 2 β 1 α and β α 2 α 1

23. Properties of Beta-receptor blocking agents: 50 3-4 hrs Mod + - Metoprolol 70 4-5 hrs No data - + Celiprolol 0 8-10 min Low - - Esmolol 90 14-22 hrs Low Slight - Betaxolol 40 6-9 hrs Low - - Atenolol 50 3-4 hrs Low + + Acebutolol Selective β 1 blockers Approxi-mate Bioavai-lability Elimination Half-life Lipid Solu-bility Local Anesthetic Activity (MSA) Partial Agonist Activity ( ISA)

24. Properties of Beta-receptor blocking agents: 90 3-4 hrs Mod + + Pindolol 50 4-50 hrs Mod - - Timolol 33 14-24 hrs Low - - Nadolol 30 5 hrs Mod + + Labetalol 25-35 6-8 hrs No Data - - Carvedilol 85 6 hrs Low - + Carteolol 30 3.5-6 hrs High + - Propranolol NonSelective β 1 Blockers Approxi-mate Bioavai-lability Elimina-tion Half-life Lipid Solu-bility MSA (Local Anesthetic Activity) ISA (Partial Agonist Activity )

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