The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which elevate mood and reduce stress levels.
The Brazilian Congress is drafting a new industrial property law to replace the 1971 law and align with international standards like TRIPS. The new law would expand patentable subject matter to include pharmaceuticals, foods, biotechnology, and microorganisms. It would also strengthen trademark protection, introduce certification and collective marks, define unregistrable signs, and protect prior use and well-known marks without requiring use in Brazil. The changes aim to strengthen intellectual property protections in Brazil and encourage international businesses to invest.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which elevate mood and reduce stress levels.
The Brazilian Congress is drafting a new industrial property law to replace the 1971 law and align with international standards like TRIPS. The new law would expand patentable subject matter to include pharmaceuticals, foods, biotechnology, and microorganisms. It would also strengthen trademark protection, introduce certification and collective marks, define unregistrable signs, and protect prior use and well-known marks without requiring use in Brazil. The changes aim to strengthen intellectual property protections in Brazil and encourage international businesses to invest.
This document provides an overview and comparison of copyright protection for computer software in Japan and the United States. It discusses how the US pushed for global harmonization of software copyright laws based on the US model in order to protect its dominant software industry. Japan initially proposed alternative sui generis legislation but ultimately adopted modified copyright law in line with US pressure. The document then examines the evolution of US software copyright law and key cases that established protection for both literal and non-literal elements of software. It also outlines the main provisions of Japanese copyright law for software protection.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
Brazil is implementing a new intellectual property law in May that will bring the country into general conformity with international standards. The key aspects of the new law include:
1) Patents will now be granted for inventions and utility models for 20 and 15 years respectively from the filing date.
2) Trademark protection will now extend to 10 years from the grant date and is indefinitely renewable for 10-year periods.
3) Licensing agreements will now be allowed and enforceable, and royalty payments abroad will be tax deductible up to 5% for patents and 1% for trademarks.
4) Trade secrets will now be protected under unfair competition laws with criminal penalties of up to 1 year in prison or fines for revealing trade
This document discusses an article from October 25, 2001 about American Airlines recovering the ".com.br" and "aa.com.br" domain names in Brazil from parties that had registered them without permission. While Brazil did not have formal dispute resolution policies or legislation regarding domain name registration at the time, its courts were still ordering the transfer of domain names deemed to be unfairly or in bad faith.
This document discusses music piracy in Brazil and the United States. It notes that music piracy rates are much higher in Brazil at 55% compared to less than 10% in the US. The author examines the political and economic factors driving music piracy in each country. Pressure from international groups like the IIPA has led the US to threaten sanctions against Brazil if it does not strengthen anti-piracy enforcement. However, Brazil argues it has made progress and questions whether the US adequately addresses piracy originating within its own borders. The author also notes that poverty may be a contributing factor to higher piracy rates in Brazil compared to the wealthier US.
1) Uma empresa foi surpreendida com um auto de infração e condenada a pagar impostos retroativamente, contrariando orientações prévias da autoridade tributária.
2) A decisão também desrespeitou disposições do Código Tributário Nacional que proíbem penalidades durante consultas e quando o contribuinte segue atos administrativos.
3) A empresa solicita que o jurista revise o caso e identifique as ilegalidades, uma vez que a decisão foi contra a prova dos autos e normas tributárias.
The First Civil Chamber of the Minas Gerais Court of Appeal ruled in favor of Lago e Ducaa Indústria e Comércio de Alimentos Ltda in a domain name dispute against Master Credi S/C Ltda. The court ordered Master Credi to transfer the domain name containing "lago e ducca" to Lago and pay damages, as well as a R$1,000 fine if it does not comply. The decision clarifies that using a third party's trademark in a domain name without authorization is illegal, and trademark ownership belongs to the first party to register the mark with INPI.
Brazil's Congress approved a measure providing tax incentives for microprocessors. The measure exempts microprocessors worth less than R$11,000 from industrial product taxes in 2003, with the tax exemption amount gradually decreasing until it ends in 2009. To qualify for the incentives, companies must meet technical and production requirements and invest at least 2.5% of their net domestic revenue in research and development. The measure aims to stimulate growth in Brazil's information technology sector, continuing the government's history of using tax breaks for that purpose.
The document discusses a court case in Brazil regarding spam emails. The State Treasury Court of Porto Alegre lifted an injunction against an internet service provider that was allowing a journalist to distribute a daily newsletter to over 11,000 people via email. The court disagreed with the journalist's argument that the newsletter did not constitute spam under Brazilian law since it does not define spam. The court determined the emails were unsolicited, which is an element of the international definition of spam. This decision broke from previous case law that found unsolicited emails were a legitimate part of marketing.
Microsoft was accused of antitrust violations in Brazil for bundling Microsoft Money software with its Office Small Business package. The Brazilian antitrust authority (CADE) ruled partially in favor of Microsoft, finding that the bundling did not limit market access, development of competitors, or access to resources as alleged. However, CADE will investigate potential irregularities in Microsoft's sales of Money software to government agencies in Brazil regarding pricing and contracts denominated in foreign currency.
The document summarizes changes to Brazil's transfer pricing legislation and rules regarding intellectual property rights. Specifically, it notes that:
1) Brazil is considering changes to include intellectual property rights under its transfer pricing rules, which are currently excluded.
2) If passed, the new bill would require companies with IP licenses or technology agreements to review them for compliance.
3) Companies receiving R&D incentives would still be excluded from the new transfer pricing rules.
Mercosur a new address for us investmentkikanovais
This document provides an overview of Mercosur, a regional trade bloc in South America composed of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It discusses the economic development trends in Latin America that led to the formation of Mercosur. It then briefly outlines the history of Mercosur, describes its institutions, and analyzes the integration of economic policies between members. Finally, it argues that Mercosur represents an attractive market for US investors and that its rules could accelerate US investment in the region.
This document provides guidance on managing intellectual property rights in Brazil. It stresses the importance of protecting IP rights through preventative measures to reduce risks and costs of litigation. These measures include conducting thorough research on existing IP rights before filing applications in Brazil to avoid infringement claims. The document also recommends continuously monitoring for other applications that could cause confusion with your own trademarks after filing an application. Overall it aims to help companies maximize the competitive advantage and value of their IP assets in Brazil.
1) A Brazilian sportswear manufacturer filed a lawsuit against another manufacturer for breach of an exclusive trademark licensing agreement.
2) The agreement granted the defendant exclusive rights to produce and sell products branded with the plaintiff's trademark for five years.
3) The plaintiff alleges the defendant failed to manufacture and promote the licensed products as required, prompting the plaintiff to terminate the agreement and file suit seeking damages.
4) The case may involve antitrust issues as the defendant's alleged actions reduced competition in the market for certain sportswear products.
The Brazil Labour Court has implemented a new electronic filing system to reduce queues. Petitioners can now file petitions and attach evidence electronically without needing to submit hard copies. The system automatically issues receipts and notifies filers of the assigned court and date of the first hearing. This avoids long queues and reduces the time to receive notification from over a month to instantly. Over 2,500 lawyers have already registered for the free online registration system, although it is currently only available in São Paulo.
Cookies are small files stored on a user's computer by websites they visit that can store identification information and preferences. Most browsers allow users to view and disable cookies. While some cookies simply store login information with user consent, others may track browsing activity without permission in violation of privacy rights. Brazil lacks specific criminal laws around privacy violations, but civil lawsuits are possible. Proposed legislation aims to protect personal data and require consent for collection in line with European standards. A presidential decree created a committee to investigate protecting public data.
General Motors of Brazil dismissed 33 employees for inappropriate internet and email use to access and distribute pornographic material. While GM would not comment on the decision, a union representative said the dismissal was justified as the employees did not need to access those sites for work. Brazilian law does not have specific internet use policies for employees, but misusing company assets can justify termination, and more companies are monitoring email and internet usage.
Brazilian company Serasa has received authorization to provide digital certification services for electronic documents and signatures, allowing electronic documents certified by Serasa to have the same legal validity as physically signed documents. Serasa was founded in 1968 and provides economic, financial, and information services. Other authorized or pending authorization digital certification providers in Brazil include Serpro, CertiSign, and Unicert. The Provisory Measure 2200 established rules for guaranteeing the legal validity of electronic documents through digital certification.
Brazilian company Serasa has received authorization to provide digital certification services for electronic documents and signatures, allowing electronic documents certified by Serasa to have the same legal validity as physically signed documents. Serasa was founded in 1968 and provides economic, financial, and information services. Other authorized or pending authorized digital certification providers in Brazil include Serpro, CertiSign, and Unicert. The Provisory Measure 2200 established rules for guaranteeing the legal validity of electronic documents through digital certification.
The Brazilian government has launched a public key infrastructure called ICP-Brasil through a new law called Provisional Measure 2200. This will establish a Root Certification Authority to register certification companies and determine procedures they must follow to be accredited. Once registered, certification companies can register e-signatures and issue digital certificates containing identification information and a public key paired with a unique private key, allowing users to encode and decode signatures and documents.
Bill 84/99 in Brazil, which sets out provisions on cybercrime, awaits approval by the House of Representatives and Senate. Once passed, it will provide definitions for criminal offenses related to hacking, misuse of personal information, child pornography, and duplication of mobile phone or credit cards when conducted electronically. The bill aims to regulate cybercrime in Brazil by codifying related criminal acts, as the current lack of clarification has made it difficult to impose sanctions for such offenses.
A Brazilian businessman was sentenced to 3 years in prison and fined for sending defamatory emails about Bradesco bank. The emails falsely claimed the bank was being sued for billions and that clients were withdrawing money and shares were falling. The police traced the emails to a cyber cafe the businessman was using in London at the time. This case shows courts can apply existing laws to online crimes and Brazilian police have the ability to investigate such crimes.
The bill would require web hosts and internet service providers in Brazil to keep detailed records of website usage for at least one year, including user identities and access information. This is to help identify and punish criminals using websites for illegal activities. The proposed legislation would consolidate similar bills and complement an existing cybercrime law by obligating providers to securely store records and only share them with authorities having a court order.
The China Domain Name Authority issued policy changes regarding Chinese character domain names. Two U.S. companies, Procter & Gamble and DuPont, won lawsuits over domain names incorporating their trademarks in Beijing. The court ruled the domain names were invalid and violated Chinese trademark law. The companies registering the domains were ordered to revoke them and repay litigation costs.
The Brazilian Senate has passed amendments to the Minors Protection Law that criminalize child pornography on the Internet. The amendments expand the existing law by making it illegal to produce, distribute, or publish sexual images of minors through any medium, including digital photography and the Internet. Those convicted face 2-6 years in prison and fines, or 3-8 years if the offenses were committed for profit. The law also broadens who can be prosecuted for these crimes against children.
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