International Labor Organization
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This is a presentation prepared by Kusumsheela Bhatta as a part of assignment under Masters of Public Health (MPH) Curriculum of Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS). This presentation covers: 01 History of ILO 02 Introduction to ILO 03 Working mechanisms of ILO 04 Conventions and standards 05 ILO in Nepal 06 Criticisms of ILO ILO is devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace.
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International Labor Organization
- 1. International Labor Organization Presented By: Kusumsheela Bhatta (403) MPH, PAHS 9 September, 2022
- 2. 01 History TABLE OF CONTENTS 02 Introduction 03 Working mechanisms 04 Conventions and standards 05 ILO in Nepal 06 Criticisms 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 2
- 3. History 01
- 4. 4 403-KSB-ILO Over a hundred years ago the voice of workers was struggling to be heard Industrial Revolution had restructured the world of work. Working class had to live daily with poverty, inequality and discrimination
- 5. 5 403-KSB-ILO It was usual to find children working in the factories and fields.
- 7. 7 403-KSB-ILO People were traumatized by the violence of those who had worked behind the front lines Revolutions broke out when the first world war finally came to an end in 1918
- 8. 8 403-KSB-ILO As part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War To reflect the belief that universal and lasting peace can be accomplished only if it is based on social justice. 1919
- 9. 9 403-KSB-ILO • The Constitution of the ILO was drafted in early 1919 by the Labour Commission • Chaired by Samuel Gompers, head of the American Federation of Labour (AFL) in the United States • It was composed of representatives from nine countries: Belgium, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
- 10. 10 403-KSB-ILO The ILO moved to Geneva in the summer of 1920 France's Albert Thomas as its first Director Nine International Labour Conventions and 10 Recommendations were adopted in less than two years These standards covered key issues, including: • hours of work • unemployment • maternity protection • night work for women • minimum age , and • night work for young persons
- 11. 11 403-KSB-ILO • Government delegates, employers and workers from 41 countries adopted the Declaration of Philadelphia in1944 as an annex to the ILO Constitution • The Declaration still constitutes the Charter of the aims and objectives of the ILO.
- 12. 12 403-KSB-ILO In 1946, the ILO became a specialized agency of the newly formed United Nations
- 13. 13 403-KSB-ILO 1969-10-10, ILO Director-General David A. Morse receives the 1969 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the ILO
- 14. 14 403-KSB-ILO
- 15. Introduction 02
- 16. location • ILO Headquarters is established in GENEVA • The Organization is also present worldwide through a network of field offices and technical specialists (40 field offices) 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 16
- 17. Mission Devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace. Today, the ILO's Decent Work agenda helps advance the economic and working conditions that give all workers, employers and governments a stake in lasting peace, prosperity and progress 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 17
- 18. ILO Director General 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 18 Guy Ryder was elected Director-General by the ILO's Governing Body in May 2012 and was re-elected for another five-year term in 2017. In March 2022, the ILO Governing Body elected Gilbert F. Houngbo as the Organization’s 11th Director-General
- 19. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 19 (not members of ILO)Andorra, Bhutan, Liechtenstein, Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru and North Korea
- 21. Effective recognition of the right of collective bargaining Policies with wages, hours and conditions of workers Protection of life and health of workers Ensure employment in which workers should get satisfaction Assurance of equality of education Provide training and development facilities Full employment and rising standard of living FUNCTIONS OF ILO 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 21
- 22. Promote and realize standards and fundamental principles and rights at work Create greater opportunities for women and men to decent employment and income Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue 01 02 03 04 Four Strategic Objectives 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 22
- 23. Decent Work Agenda Creating Jobs An economy that generates opportunities for investment, entrepreneurship, skills development, job creation and sustainable livelihoods 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 23
- 24. Decent Work Agenda Guaranteeing Rights at Work To obtain recognition and respect for the rights of workers. All workers, and in particular disadvantaged or poor workers, need representation, participation and laws that work for their interests 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 24
- 25. Decent Work Agenda Extending Social Protection To promote both inclusion and productivity by ensuring working conditions that are safe and provide for adequate compensation when necessary 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 25
- 26. Decent Work Agenda Promoting Social Dialogue Involving strong and independent workers and employers organizations is central to increasing productivity, avoiding disputes at work, and building cohesive societies. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 26
- 27. ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work Adopted in 1998 and amended in 2022 1.freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; 2.the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; 3.the effective abolition of child labour; 4.the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation; and 5.a safe and healthy working environment. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 27
- 29. How the ilo works? Tripartism and Social Dialogues Government Employers Workers Promoting a social dialogue Formulating, Implementing national policy 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 29
- 30. MAIN BODIES International labour Conference Governing body International Labour Office 01 02 03 3 MAIN BODIES 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 30
- 31. • Sets the International labor standards and the broad policies of the ILO • Meets annually in Geneva • Often called an international parliament of labor, the Conference is also a forum for discussion of key social and labor questions. 01 31 403-KSB-ILO International labor conference
- 32. • Executive council of the ILO • Meets three times a year in Geneva • Takes decisions on ILO policy and establishes the programme and the budget, which it then submits to the Conference for adoption. 02 32 403-KSB-ILO Governing body
- 33. • Permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization • Focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General 03 33 403-KSB-ILO International Labor Office
- 34. Standards SUPERVISORY System Regular system of supervision Special procedures • Examination of periodic reports submitted by Member States on the measures they have taken to implement the provisions of the ratified Conventions • A representations procedure and a complaints procedure of general application, together with a special procedure for freedom of association Helps to ensure that countries implement the conventions they ratify Regularly examines the application of standards in member states and points out areas where they could be better applied. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 34
- 35. ILO Men and Women everywhere Development Cooperation Partnering for development Over 600 programmes and projects in more than 100 countries – with the support of 120 development partners. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 35
- 36. Programme and Budget The Programme and Budget of the Organization which sets out the strategic objectives and expected outcomes for the Organization’s work is approved every two years by the International Labour Conference. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 36
- 39. working areas-HEALTH SERVICES 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 39 The ILO endorses the fundamental principles of the human right to health and social protection • ILO supports improvement of working conditions and labour relations in the health sector through sectoral labour standards and social dialogue • Collaborates with WHO to promote supportive, enabling environments for the health workforce, including through the ILO-OECD-WHO Working for Health Programme
- 42. 01 02 03 04 05 Legal instruments drawn up by the ILO’s constituents setting out basic principles and Right at Work First considered in 19th century among western countries Provides human conditions of work and also for regulating unfair advantage to employers in countries Either conventions, which are legally binding international treaties or recommendations serving as non-binding guidelines Protection against forced labor, slavery and child labor; non discrimination in employment practices; the right to unionise ILO and International labor standard 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 42
- 43. Conventions and Recommendations are drawn up by the Representatives of Government, Employer and Workers At the ILC there is a discussion on the issues by the members present from various nations 1 2 3 4 5 6 The matters raised can only be adopted when it is passed by 2/3rd of the delegates present at the conference Once it is adopted, the members are to submit it to the competent authority in their respective nations After it is ratified, the ratifying country is to apply these conventions and recommendations in their national laws If any of the ratifying nation violated the provision of the convention that they ratify, then complaint procedure can be initiated against them Procedures of Implementation 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 43
- 44. important conventions on core labor standard 189 Conventions 206 Recommendations 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 44
- 45. important conventions on core labor standard 1930 1948 1949 1951 • Forced Labor Convention • Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to organize convention • Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention • Protection of Wages Convention • Equal Remuneration Convention 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 45
- 46. important conventions on core labor standard 1957 1970 1973 1982 1999 • Abolition of Forced Labor Convention • Minimum Wage Fixing Convention • Protection of Wages Convention • Minimum Age Convention • Termination of Employment Convention 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 46
- 47. Conventions and recommendations concerning medical care and sickness benefit Workmen’s Compensation (Occupational Diseases) Convention 1925 Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention of 1927 Medical Care and Sickness Benefit Convention of 1969 Medical Care Recommendation of 1944 Employment Injury Benefit Recommendation, 1964 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 47
- 48. ilo in nepal 05
- 49. ilo in Nepal • Nepal joined the ILO in 1966 • In view of the increasing need for support in Nepal , the Office of the Senior ILO Adviser was established in January 1994 in Nepal. • The Kathmandu Office transitioned to a full-fledged Country Office in 2000. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 49
- 51. ILO IN NEPAL The ILO Nepal is responsible for the coordination of the outcome two of theUnited Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2018-2022 Aims to increase the country capacity to design, execute and manage economic development programmes, inclusive labour and economic policies, and social protection benefits to boost productive employment and income opportunities 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 51
- 52. ilo in nepal • Workers Activities • Employers Activities • Advocacy for Rights and Good Corporate Governance (UNNATI-Inclusive Growth Programme in Nepal) • Integrated Programme on Fair Recruitment (FAIR) • From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to global action on forced labour (The Bridge project) • Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains • Work in Freedom (WiF) • Skills for Employment Project (SEP) • Migrants Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) • Child Labour Elimination Project (CLEP) • Nepal Labour Force Survey (LFS) –III (2017-2018) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo- kathmandu/documents/publication/wcms_684588.pdf 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 52
- 53. ilo in nepal Nepal has ratified 11 ILO Conventions, including seven core Conventions 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 53
- 54. Criticisms 06
- 56. criticisms Critiques of the ILO focuses on : • its declining standard setting role • low ratification rates of its conventions • perceived no representativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 56
- 60. references 11/18/2022 403-KSB-ILO 60 • https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/decent-work_centenary--has-global-labour- organisation-advanced-workers--rights-/44688686 • https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3668622#:~:text=Critiques%20of%20t he%20ILO%20focuses,and%20restrictive%20decision%2Dmaking%20processes. • https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo- kathmandu/documents/publication/wcms_684588.pdf • https://nepal.un.org/en/91050-undaf-nepal-2018-2022 • https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:1 03197 • https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htm • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJEue9-lTgg&t=56s • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGoP41DhH3A
- 61. 403-KSB-ILO 61
Editor's Notes
- The ILO, as with most of the League of Nations system, hibernated in the late 1930s. The Declaration of Philadelphia brought it back to life.[4]: 941 The Declaration of Philadelphia envisioned the ILO as the master agency among the specialized international bodies, placing the ILO "on the same plane as the UN as the economic counterpart of that world political body."[1]: 482 [5] Instead, the role it saw for the ILO was taken by the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[1]: 482 [6]: 45 The declaration's emphasis on human rights was to bear more fruit: the ILO promulgated a series of Conventions and Recommendations dealing with labour inspection, freedom of association, the right to organise and collectively bargain, equal pay, against forced labor and discrimination.[6] References
- Guy Ryder was elected Director-General by the ILO's Governing Body in May 2012 and was re-elected for another five-year term in 2017. In March 2022, the ILO Governing Body elected Gilbert F. Houngbo as the Organization’s 11th Director-General. He will take office in October this year.
- \
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- the International labour Conference sets the International labour standards and the broad policies of the ILO. It meets annually in Geneva. Often called an international parliament of labour, the Conference is also a forum for discussion of key social and labour questions. the Governing body is the executive council of the ILO. It meets three times a year in Geneva. It takes decisions on ILO policy and establishes the programme and the budget, which it then submits to the Conference for adoption. the International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization. It is the focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General
- the International labour Conference sets the International labour standards and the broad policies of the ILO. It meets annually in Geneva. Often called an international parliament of labour, the Conference is also a forum for discussion of key social and labour questions. the Governing body is the executive council of the ILO. It meets three times a year in Geneva. It takes decisions on ILO policy and establishes the programme and the budget, which it then submits to the Conference for adoption. the International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization. It is the focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General
- the International labour Conference sets the International labour standards and the broad policies of the ILO. It meets annually in Geneva. Often called an international parliament of labour, the Conference is also a forum for discussion of key social and labour questions. the Governing body is the executive council of the ILO. It meets three times a year in Geneva. It takes decisions on ILO policy and establishes the programme and the budget, which it then submits to the Conference for adoption. the International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization. It is the focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General
- International labour standards are backed by a supervisory system that is unique at the international level and that helps to ensure that countries implement the conventions they ratify. The ILO regularly examines the application of standards in member states and points out areas where they could be better applied. If there are any problems in the application of standards, the ILO seeks to assist countries through social dialogue and technical assistance. The ILO has developed various means of supervising the application of Conventions and Recommendations in law and practice following their adoption by the International Labour Conference and their ratification by States. There are two kinds of supervisory mechanism:The regular system of supervision: examination of periodic reports submitted by Member States on the measures they have taken to implement the provisions of the ratified Conventions Special procedures: a representations procedure and a complaints procedure of general application, together with a special procedure for freedom of association
- Since the early 1950s, the ILO has been providing technical cooperation to countries on all continents and at all stages of economic development. Projects are implemented through close cooperation between recipient countries, donors, and the ILO, which maintains a network of country offices worldwide. Development cooperation builds bridges between the ILO’s standard-setting role and women and men everywhere. It is essential to give people decent work opportunities and an important means of assisting our constituents – workers, employers and governments – in making the Decent Work Agenda a reality. Simply put, development cooperation supports the technical, organizational and institutional capacities of ILO constituents for them to put in place meaningful and coherent social policy and ensure sustainable development. With over 50 years of experience in development cooperation on all continents and at all stages of development, the ILO today has over 600 programmes and projects in more than 100 countries – with the support of 120 development partners.
- Procedures of Implementatio
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The 2030 Agenda embraces three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. It has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that put people and planet at its centre, giving the international community a framework for tackling the many challenges confronting humanity, including those in the world of work. The importance of decent work in achieving sustainable development is highlighted by Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T
- The extent to which the ILO has met those challenges as well as its role in contemporary global governance has been questioned. Some observers are of the opinion that the Organization is increasingly at the margins of influence of global economic governance. Critiques of the ILO focuses on its declining standard setting role, low ratification rates of its conventions, perceived nonrepresentativeness, overambitious mandate and restrictive decision-making processes. Recent decades have also seen the emergence of new and diverse governance arrangements and actors outside ILO structures that are also addressing, or potentially undermining, the protection of worker rights. The most frequent complaint about the ILO is that it lacks enforcement power, that it is the proverbial toothless tiger. T