Air pollution contains a wide variety of chemical and biological components that can negatively impact human health, especially in cities with high atmospheric pollution levels, such as in Chile. Breathable particulate matter and gases like nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide from outdoor sources increase morbidity, mortality, and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Indoor air pollution from sources like smoking, heating and cooking can also impact health. Exposure to air pollutants reduces quality of life, particularly for infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. Health professionals should advocate for cleaner indoor and outdoor air.