History of Management Thought Daniel A. Wren Chapter 5

1. social betterment
economic opportunity
a nation after being a Colony of Great Britain
religious freedom
political separation
colonial manufactures frowned
by Great Britain
Death of mercantilism
Declaration of independence
good political climate
Condition of America in 19th century
policy of non-interference
Economic Independence laissez-faire
rich in natural resources
growing labor supply
William Almy
source of capital
Smith Brown
Moses Brown
fostered by economic, social &
political condition
Background
Great Britain prevent industrial
development in US
prohibit sale of manufacturing equipment
prohibit emigration of skilled labor
sole proprietorship or
partnership
Rhode Island System
separate spinning & weaving
relatives as supervisor &
assistance
employ families -> child labor
Samuel Slater
steam-driven power loom
regularize production & employment
Steam Cotton Manufacturing
textile mills
hire professional managers
factory ledger to determine cost
Management Practices
vertically integrating
forward : sales
backward : purchasing materials
joint stock companies &
corporate form
integrated spinning & weaving
Early Industrial Development
Waltham System by FC. Lowell
non-family supervisors
adult female labor
power from waterwheels
armor industry
other manufacture industry
textile mills as early US
Enterprise
Antebellum Industry &
Management
strategic response to technological as well as
foreign & domestic competitive pressures
family employment
Ideas &
Concept
adult female labor
personnel policies
better labor treatment
higher wages
managerial hierarchy inline
with company's growth
labor organization
hard work
Values
thrift
innovation
competition
unpickable locks - Alfred Hobbs
sewing machine - Isaac Singer
US prominent industry
repeating pistol - Samuel Colt
mechanical reaper - Cyrus
McCormick
predecessors
Arsenal of Venice - Italy
weapon makers in Switzerland, France
standardized product
interchangeable
division of labor
clearly defined organization
wage payment
use of accounting techniques
concept
control of time & material cost
uniform standards
measurement techniques for
inspection & control
American System of
Manufactures
advanced methods of
metalworking
small organization
family owned
Private sectors
managed as sole proprietorship
or partnership
water-power based
Eli Whitney & Simeon North
The Industrial
Revolution in The
United States
small batch of interchangeable parts
centralized authority
development
definite area of responsibilities
accounting system for wage payment
Colonel Roswell Lee
specialization of labor
Springfield Armory
manufacture parts to close tolerance
increase interchangeability
discipline
better prototype of a modern
factory than textile mills
What?
Who?
Railroalds : US's first big business
Col. John Stevens of Hoboken
Father of American Engineering
Benjamin Latrobe
When?
1850
Camden & Amboy
Chesapeake & Ohio
Where?
Baltimore & Ohio
New York & Erie
other rails
organizational growth
geographical separation of activities'
Background
Trasportation Revolution
separation of ownership &
management
scheduling service
Operation management
controlled by distant
communication
Personnel management
huge number of labor force
integrated system of track age
& station agents
Management practices
wide geographical area
Financial management
massive capital
Strategic management
rules & policies
hierarchy of authority
Service Quality
What ?
Who?
When?
Telegraph
Samuel F.B. Morse
1832
US. began in New York &
Washington D.C
Where?
Railroads : Pioneering in
US Management
How?
Communication Revolution
passenger safety
distance signaling by code
consist of dot & dash
business communication
sweep away local trade barriers
impact
open new lands for settlements
extend market
reshape distribution strategies
inexpensive, rapid, year-round
means for travel & commerce
contribution
foundation of nationwide
communication system
"victorian internet"
Management Thought &
Practices by Daniel McCallum
Jobs
journalist
financing
Concern
principles of railroad operations
regulation
operation
role of railroad in US life
Role
Management Thought &
Practices by Henry V. Poor
source of information for
railroad investors & managers
Principle of railroad
management gained from
McCallum's
organization
communication
information
database
responsibility & accountability
worker resistance developing to
the discipline required by
systematic management
lead to worker protest
Management thought
esprit de corps
Background
Governance Issue
George Hudson's malfeasance in Britain
transparency to public
management vis-a-vis
government
5- Industrial Revolution in US - Lenny 29006014.mmap - 21/09/2006 -
top management as soul of enterprises