Indian architecture ii 4
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The document discusses ancient Indian architecture and cave dwellings in Madhya Pradesh, such as the famous Bhimbetka caves. It explores how early inhabitants may have lived in caves starting 100,000 years ago, noting the advantages of shelter but disadvantages of living underground. Archaeologists find evidence that many people lived in the Bhimbetka caves through remnants of tools, art, and everyday materials used to survive. Cave paintings at the site also provide clues about prehistoric life in India thousands of years ago.
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Lesson vii
The Moghuls conquered India and used architecture to establish cultural dominance. The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife, is the most famous example of Moghul architecture. It features symmetrical designs and decorative elements like calligraphy that were novel in India. Through grand architectural works like the Taj Mahal, the Moghuls were able to spread Islam and assert political control while incorporating local styles.
Lesson iv – the great indian desert
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Lesson iii – river cu l tures
The document discusses the importance of rivers for culture and civilization. It focuses on the Ganges River in India, describing how the religion of river cultures would develop a deity for the river. The Ganges is seen as a goddess in India called Ganga Ma or Mother Ganges. Varanasi is an important city located along the Ganges River, and features temples dedicated to Ganga Ma and ghats providing steps down to the river. However, Varanasi also faces overcrowding and pollution problems from its dense development along the river banks.
Lesson 5
This document provides an overview of the cultures and architecture of South India, specifically the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It discusses:
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2) The industries that developed from the fertile jungle environment, including fishing, coconut, and wood trades. Tourism has also become important and brought both advantages and disadvantages.
3) The unique architecture of coastal cities like Fort Kochi/Kochi, with its unusual European-influenced buildings.
4) The prominent
Introduction2
This document discusses how architecture can be used to recognize different cultures. It provides examples of key features of Islamic architecture like domes and minarets, and Hindu architecture which is heavily decorated with towers and open spaces. Desert cultures tend to be nomadic, while river cultures are ancient, permanent, and build upon previous structures. Buddhist settlements in the north are simple and quiet, while jungle cultures in the south decorate brightly and colorfully. India is described as a land of extremes, with rich and poor populations, traditional and modern aspects, and many religious and environmental contrasts.
Introduction1
The document provides a timeline of architecture in India from ancient to modern times. It describes how the Vedic age saw developments in art, religion, and technology that were reflected in impressive architecture. Medieval Indian architecture was advanced compared to Europe, as evidenced by stunning buildings that still stand today. Islamic Mughal architecture from the 17th century brought a distinct style based on simplicity and symmetry, seen in famous buildings like the Taj Mahal. The 19th century saw British colonial architecture used to assert control, like the Gothic train station in Mumbai. Indian architecture continues to blend diverse cultural influences over time.
Exploring indian architecture lesson viii
The architecture of the British Raj period in India was designed to intimidate and assert dominance over the local Indian population. Gothic and neo-Gothic styles were used as they conveyed a sense of being old, powerful, and technologically advanced. Some of the designs, like the Victoria Terminus train station in Mumbai, were fantastical and unlike traditional Indian architecture. However, some British buildings in India incorporated some local elements. The British-built towns in places like Shimla featured extreme and bizarre architectural styles. Modern Indian views on preserving or removing remaining British colonial architecture are mixed.
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The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
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Coach Domenico Tedesco has managed a tactical shakeup and a regular exit for some of the oldest players. Experienced bests remain, not least the 37-year-old Jan Vertonghen in defense, the 32-year-old De Bruyne himself in midfield, and 31-year-old Romelu Lukaku up visible.
Still, younger actors like De Bruyne’s Manchester City partner Jeremy Doku bring fresh vitality to the team. Euro Cup Germany Qualifying unbeaten with just four goals allowed from eight games was a welcome sign of accomplishment back on track under Tedesco.
The only other squad in Group E besides Belgium to UEFA Euro 2024 qualify unbeaten, Romania was awestruck by winning a group that also checked Switzerland and Israel. Still, Euro 2024 will test a squad sorely lacking in top-level skill.
Euro 2024: Belgium's Transition from Golden Generation to New Hope
Tottenham guardian Vlad Dragusin is the only Euro Cup 2024 squad member singing regularly for one of Europe’s top clubs this flavor. He even played only nine Premier League games since adoption in January. Goalkeeper Horatiu Moldovan is a stoppage at Atletico Madrid.
There’s a link to the beauty days of Romanian soccer with midfielder Ianis Hagi, son of Gheorghe Hagi, who assisted the team to the rounds of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000.
We are only a combine of days away from the UEFA Euro 2024 curtain raiser. The 24 squads are winding up their provisions and getting ready to give it their all to life the wanted Euro Cup Final trophy on July 14. Spread across six clusters, the first hurdle in the knockout phase will be the plump of 16.
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Germany and Scotland will take things off before we get into overdrive in two weeks. Meanwhile, Belgium will be longing to bounce back after a horrendous 2022 FIFA World Cup movement, which ended in the group stage.
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Roberto Martinez completed the way for Domenico Tedesco, who has overseen a compact start to his tenure. The 38-year-old will be assured heading into the group stage
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Indian architecture ii 4
- 1. INDIAN ARCHITECTURE II : ANCIENT INDIA As we learned last week, the history of India is vast and goes back many thousands of years. The earliest inhabitants moved here perhaps 100,000 years ago – what types of homes would we expect them to have lived in?
- 2. CAVES!
- 3. This week we will be looking at the Bhimbetka caves, some of the most famous and most beautiful cave homes in the world…
- 4. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that many thousands of people lived in caves in Madyar Pradesh, such as the famous Bhimbetka civilisation… • What would have been the advantages of living in caves in prehistoric times? • What disadvantages might there have been? • What problems to we have when looking at caves from an architectural perspective? • Obviously, these homes were not „built”, they were and remain natural formations which existed for millions of years before human settlers arrived. • How, then, could you make a cave into a home?
- 5. There is not much evidence of any prehistoric furniture… but early Indian settlers did have access to materials with which to live successful lives (otherwise, their descendents would not still be there today…) Any ideas what this might be?
- 6. What materials did they have for tools and home equipment?
- 7. So… How do we know people lived in these caves for so long? What evidence remains that these were homes, and not just temporary shelters?
- 8. There are cave paintings in Europe, too, but what differences can we see between early art in India, and those found in France and Spain? SPAIN FRANCE
- 9. Bhimbetka examples from the same period 10,000-20,000 BC….
- 10. WHAT IS THIS?????????????????????????????????? This, and images like it appear all over the Bhimbetka caves. But what is it? What can you see? What do you think it is for?