Impact of the Internet on politics.pdf
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The Internet is a revolutionary force. If it means more significant participation in politics rather than a commitment to democratic values, it is democratization. Extremist groups that reject these values benefit from the "democratization" of knowledge and communication. The direct political impact of the Internet has been to strengthen the views of extremists and increase the number of people who represent them. According to Wajid khan's point of view, New political mechanisms are needed to control participation and dissent. The decline in content moderation The Internet's impact on content delivery has been particularly pronounced, with decentralized media replacing editors and fact-checkers of the past. Social media has become more and more disinterested. Facebook has become a primary news source for many Americans, but word on Facebook is automatically selected and tailored to group preferences, resulting in information that contradicts established beliefs. Are often included. Companies design algorithms that maximize user engagement. Algorithms do this by selecting information based on the user's interests. Wajid Khan Mp concludes that User interests can automatically reflect and unwittingly reinforce biases. Some studies suggest that the information overload unleashed by the internet fuels the spread of conspiracy theories that offer simple and coherent explanations for complex and unpredictable events. I'm here. The Internet provides proponents of these theories with a broader audience and an uncritical medium to disseminate them. Legitimacy and Consent of Rulers Legitimacy arises from the consent of the ruled to recognize authority and agree to its rules (often by voting, a symbolic act of affirmation). Permission can be obtained through moral authority, such as religion, coercion, or violence (where the subject does not oppose the issue out of fear) or through participation mechanisms. Moral authority and expertise can also exert influence, but this influence is most effective when reinforced or "operationalized" through formal institutions. Communities where the consent of the governed is insufficient to confer authority, become unstable. The challenges to liberal democracy began before the Internet, but the online environment has reinforced them, allowing for competing narratives and unfiltered information, amplifying extremism and conspiracy theories. The Internet has changed the requirements of political legitimacy and democratic consent. Currently, structured representative democracies have not fully lived up to the expectations that the Internet has brought to citizens regarding access to information, a voice in decision-making, and direct contact with political leaders. Canadian Politician Wajid khan says the same pressures pushing companies to become flatter, less hierarchical organizations are also putting pressure on governance structures. Citizens also expect immediacy and authenticity of their messages. The
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1
ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENT
Fredrick Abimbola-peters
Prof. Marci Dawson
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7 July 2021
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The concept relates to the emergence of ‘newly mass media’ results form the development of ICTs. The ICTs enables some real-time communication tool, such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, to become a critical platform for citizens to express their political issues. Consequently, as a government, which is famous by its democratic social media, it was announced by Hillary that the US would spend 2.5 billion in the enhancement of “internet democracy”. Thus, the year of 2011 is regarded as .
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Week 3
Rational and Expressive Choice
Rational Choice Theory and the Rational Voter Model (P = B > C; or Participation or voter choice (P) = perceived benefits of participation or choice (B) > perceived costs of participation or choice (C)) became popular in the 1970s. Pursuant to this theory and model, voters decide whether to vote and which candidate to vote for on some rational basis, usually on the basis of which action gives them greater expected benefits. The model lends itself more than others to predicting what effects changes in external conditions will have on the vote. A major contribution of the model was to emphasize the role of issues in voter choice.
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Some have used rational choice theory to argue that those in a high socio-economic class would be less active “because they have the education and intellectual sophistication to comprehend the free-rider problem and because their high salaries raise the opportunity cost of participation” (Verba 1995, 284). The facts however suggest this hypothesis is false. In fact, strong empirical evidence demonstrates that those in a high socio-economic class are actually the most likely to be active.
Other rational choice proponents, including Anthony Downs, have argued that lower information and transaction costs for the well educated imply that it is actually easier for them to participate in politics. Verba (1995) notes “[t]his approach has the virtue of fitting the facts but seems somewhat post hoc” (284).
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1PAGE 2Title of the EssayStudent’s NamePolitical Scie
1
PAGE
2
Title of the Essay
Student’s Name
Political Science Department, Capilano University
POL 100 03: Introduction to Government and Politics
Dr. Ramjee Parajulee
November 05, 2020
Over the last few decades’ young people have had a loss of faith in the political system. One of the symptoms of the decline in trust with the political system is the decline in voter turn out from youth. Between 1984 and the year 2000, the number of youth that voted went from 75.3% to 61.2% in the Canadian federal elections (Adsett, 2003). There are a number of reasons Canadian youth have begun to turn away from the political system. First, when compared to past generations youth have developed a sense of distrust with politics and a lack of responsible citizenship due to emerging social movements. Second, politicians fail to address many issues that young Canadians value, which has caused youth to lose faith in the current, set up of our political system. Third, there is a lack of education and discussion during youth’s formative years; leaving many youth disengage from politics. Fourth, the low voter turn out may be due to a lack of motivation to register to vote, which would further cement youths belief that the political system is a strenuous and complicated system that they can’t partake in. Finally, there is a huge cultural gap between today’s politicians and today’s youth due to the lack of political presence on the internet. Young people spend a huge amount of their time on the Internet and they may feel that politics today is out of touch with their needs and daily lives.
Today’s youth have developed ideologies and a preference for social movements that have meant very few youth have a sense of how to part take in traditional citizenship. After decades of wars that were against the public’s opinion, from the Vietnam War to the Iraq War, youth have developed a sense of mistrust of politicians. The anti-war attitude that youth currently have has meant that wars have become divisive issues rather than uniting issues. D. Fisher (2012) has explained that when compared to past generations who grew up during wartime, such as World War 2, the current generation of young people are unlikely to engage in any form of political and civic activities. Previous generations felt the need for nationalism and action-based citizenship whereas today’s youth have little need to participate. Furthermore, even youth who have a strong sense of what a “good” citizen should be end up with a weak idea of civic duty and prefer to emphasize the rights of citizens over the responsibilities (Goodman et al., 2011). Hence there is a clear pattern emerging among the young generation to remain aloof from the political process.
Anti-war sentiments are not the only areas that leave youth feeling disconnected and doubtful of today’s politicians. In general, the issues that matter most to youths are rarely addressed during election periods. R. Shabazz (2008) recognizes that “people h ...
studying populism.pdf
Populism as an illiberal democracy
A lot has been done about Viktor Orbán. Indeed, some argue that there is too much going on about him. His influence is disproportionate for a leader in a country of fewer than 10 million people. With an area less than half the size of Shanghai and a population larger than Hungary's, he is only one of his six cities in China.
Wajid khan says a better comparison for Americans in New York City. It has an official population of around 8 million, slightly less than Hungary, but more than 18 million in its metropolitan areas. Hungary's economy is more significant than Kazakhstan and Ukraine but smaller than the lesser economies of Algeria and Iraq.
But Victor Orban captured the imagination of scholars when he challenged Europe with his brand of illiberal democracy. Perhaps what his government did was not so much an outright opposition to liberalism. In 2014 he declared: "The new nation we are building is an illiberal nation, an illiberal nation." he acknowledged the direction already taken. His government had already begun rewriting his country's constitution, overthrowing its judicial system, and
How Political Factors Affect Nike.pdf
How Political Factors Affect Nike
Research shows Nike is making huge profits thanks to the US government's pro-growth policies. The policy has kept interest rates low. Currency stability and an internationally competitive tax system are also maintained. The company has also benefited from the government's Global Value chain transparency initiative.
An example was the Clinton administration's accession to the Apparel Industry Partnership in 1997. In many ways, Nike has enjoyed changing political factors. However, political pressure has adversely affected Nike's hiring practices.
Wajid khan further says Democrats appear to be more growth-minded than republicans. That suggests that Democrats are more likely to believe that people can change their talents, abilities, and intelligence, which makes them more focused on learning and growing than on looking good. Republicans seem to be more tolerant than Democrats.
That suggests that Republicans actively seek new information to help them think more optimally. Put another way, Republicans seem more focused on thinking optimally, while Democrats seem more focused on being right. Republicans seem to support it more than Democrats. That suggests that Republicans focus more on achieving goals and finding solutions, while Democrats focus more on preventing problems and ensuring they are okay.
Democrats appear to be more cosmopolitan than Republicans. That suggests that Democrats tend to see others as people and want to elevate them. Republicans, on the other hand, objectify others because they want to come forward. These are exciting findings, but they are also generalities. For example, these results do not imply that all Democrats support growth and all Republicans are staunch.
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The Relationship Between Mass Media and Politics.pdf
In today's society, the role of mass media in politics is undeniable. Mass media has a significant impact on the way politics is conducted, from the way news is reported to the messages that are sent through social media. To comprehend the relationship between mass media and politics, it is crucial to understand its role. This blog post explores the effect of mass media on the way people think and communicate, and how it influences politics and our lives.
Jason A. Cohen - Political Communication Literature Review and Analysis Paper
This document analyzes Barack Obama's successful use of internet strategies in his 2008 presidential campaign. It reviews literature showing the increasing role of the internet in political campaigns. Obama recognized voters were getting more information online and embraced new technologies. He used social media more than previous candidates to communicate his message, raise funds, organize supporters, and mobilize voters. This helped him overcome initial disadvantages against opponents like Clinton and McCain. Obama raised record amounts of donations online, including over $500 million of the $750 million total. His multifaceted digital engagement strategies were credited as a major reason for his election victory by staying connected to supporters throughout the campaign.
The Political Power of Social Media Technology, the Publ.docx
This document summarizes Clay Shirky's article "The Political Power of Social Media" which examines how social media has enabled political change by facilitating coordination and collective action. The article discusses examples where social media helped topple governments, such as in the Philippines in 2001, but also cases where it failed to spark change, such as in Belarus in 2006. Overall, the article argues that social media strengthens civil society and public spheres over the long run, rather than immediately enabling political change. It cautions against US policy that aims to directly influence other countries' politics through social media.
Doyle grimes debate paper
The document discusses the key issues, benefits, and concerns related to social media. Regarding issues, it discusses privacy concerns and effects on relationships from decreased face-to-face communication. Benefits include connecting with others globally and bringing awareness to causes. Concerns include privacy issues from data collection without consent and social media becoming an obsession threatening relationships. It also discusses how social media has affected democratic societies by increasing political participation but also directing campaigns only to social media users.
Chapter 13Politics and New MediaObjectivesTo
Chapter 13
Politics and New Media
Objectives
To understand:
How the shift towards narrowcasting and digital media might change the nature of political participation
How online media are creating a new space and a new set of challenges for the conduct of political debate
How the shift towards a greater degree of social and political surveillance may alter the broader political landscape
How myths of the digital sublime shape our views of electronic democracy
How media and new media tools are central to advancing social and political economic change
Web 2.0 Structuration and the
End of Politics
Argument for democratic emancipatory potential of the Internet
In reality, there is a shrinking of a public sphere
Within the capitalist market economy, there is a contradiction between the formal equality of political participation and the inequalities of income and opportunity that define the relationships of the market
Web 2.0 Structuration and the
End of Politics, cont’d
Media’s relationship with political power—an unofficial watchdog role, acting as a series of checks and balances on those who exercise power
Political economy analysis suggests “democracy” is tolerated by big business as long as real control is off-limits to popular deliberation
Leaps in Logic?
An idealized view of the democratizing power of the Internet is a hopeful prediction; however, this requires leaps in logic:
Internet is no less susceptible to being manipulated by political parties and sectional interest groups than the current system
Issues under consideration in politics online are still determined by those in power positions and do not necessarily address key issues for a broader community
The control of sites by those who wish to promote their own interests will greatly diminish the credibility of the polling results within political circles
Leaps in Logic? cont’d
E-democracy
People make their own history, just not within conditions of their choosing
Structuration: structures may be formal (laws, policies, regulations), formalized (in institutions or organizations), or relatively informal (class, gender or race)
Degree of agency that one can exercise is dependent on these structures, but the human ability to exercise this agency means that they can be changed
New media are contemporary tools used in this process
The Internet as an Election Campaign Tool
Beginning of twenty-first century: politicians in Canada began to embrace the significance and power of using the Internet to reach constituents
The Internet has become an increasingly necessary tool
Cost efficiency
Relative lack of regulation control
Production simplicity
Swift narrowcasting via active interaction with the individual
New technologies in election campaigns are not always used to expand the voter base; sometimes they are used to suppress it
Online Politics and the
Reportorial Community
Digital media convergence is shifting the borders of the reportorial community
B ...
Social Media as a political voice in many societies
Social media is increasingly being used as a political voice around the world. It allows more freedom of expression and makes it easier for like-minded individuals to organize collectively. Studies show that social media users, especially younger ones, frequently engage in civic activities like commenting on issues, following candidates, and joining political groups online. While social media gives more people a platform to voice opinions, some argue it mainly benefits those already influential online and there are doubts about how accurately it represents those without internet access. Overall, social media seems to be enhancing political participation for many, though governments can also attempt to monitor or control online political networks.
Politics
The document discusses the impact of social media on politics in Bangladesh. It analyzes how social media influences politics and political parties in the country in various ways, through both primary and secondary research. The document finds that social media has significant influence on political movements and allows politicians to more directly communicate with citizens. However, it can also spread misinformation if the information portrayed is inaccurate. The document examines different levels of influence from individual media workers to large organizations and how they can shape political coverage.
Online assignment
This document summarizes some key democratic challenges in contemporary society. It discusses how special interest groups, ethnic and single issue parties, and organized religion can potentially undermine democracy. It also examines how multinational corporations can maneuver around nation states' laws. Other challenges include lack of time leading to mass stupidity, voter apathy, government suppression of the press, the influence of mass media, and powerful lobbying groups distorting public opinion. Overall, the document analyzes factors that can destabilize democracy and how its principles of individual worth, equality, and opportunity need active protection and defense against these influences.
Social media
Social media has significantly impacted politics by allowing for more direct communication between politicians and citizens. It has enabled new forms of political organization and activism online. While social media has increased political transparency and participation, it also introduces new challenges. Politicians must now operate in a context of constant public commentary online. Some argue this reduces opportunities for compromise and limits bold policy ideas. Overall, social media is changing how political discourse and campaigns are conducted, with platforms like Twitter and Google+ growing in importance. It remains unclear whether these changes will strengthen democracy or introduce new problems.
Social Media Paper
The document discusses the impact of social media on society. It addresses three main issues: personal relationships, privacy, and community engagement. Regarding personal relationships, some studies have found social media improves mood and teaches empathy. However, privacy is a concern as data mining and oversharing of information is common. Community engagement on social media has helped organize causes and spread awareness, though disagreements can also occur. In conclusion, social media has both benefits and risks to relationships, privacy, and civic participation.
Transforming Governance
This document provides background information on three examples of democratic innovations that feature technology:
1. The town of Jun, Spain uses Twitter as the main platform for citizens to interact with local government and provide feedback on issues large and small. This has improved transparency and responsiveness of government.
2. In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the "Government Asks" initiative crowdsources policy ideas from citizens through websites, mobile apps, and in-person meetings. Citizens then vote on the ideas. Over 360,000 votes have been cast on 3,600 policy proposals.
3. A third example is not described due to length limitations, but the document discusses factors like government support, digital access, and use of
Social media and counter democracy
This document summarizes Peter Dahlgren's presentation on the contingencies of political participation via social media. Some key points:
1) Dahlgren argues that political participation through social media is shaped by various contingencies including political economy, technology, and socio-cultural patterns. These factors both enable and constrain online participation.
2) He examines how the commercial logic and data collection practices of major tech companies like Google and Facebook can undermine democracy by collecting personal information without transparency and sluicing users towards certain sites.
3) Socio-cultural currents online often promote individualized consumerism and entertainment over political engagement, which can subvert alternative politics and civic participation. Navigating these
1ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENTFredrick Abimbola-petersProf. M
1
ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENT
Fredrick Abimbola-peters
Prof. Marci Dawson
EGL1010 DL01
7 July 2021
Social media is an upcoming trend that has slowly become a serious addiction to many
people as much as it has its positive implications to the community. For instance, for small and
medium-scale businesses it helps in the marketing strategies that connects with free & targeted
customers because of the small time and energy input that lowers the operational costs due to
marketing. The advantage is that it helps these businesses to grow in numbers because it offers
a viable communication channels because of these social media sites have their own popularity.
Additionally, these social media sites give individuals and businesses an opportunity for
Marcia Dawson-Moser
This sentence has little to do with the rest of this paragraph, which seems more of a body paragraph than an introduction.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Title goes here.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Heading should
be at the top left.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Last name here
Marcia Dawson-Moser
2
sharing their expertise and advice to the mass through the blogs, articles that enhances the
follower’s network. Also, it gives social networking for people that helps in creating unity for
people useful in achieving the specific goals that impacts a positive change for the community.
The negative implications of these social media sites include the increase in addiction.
The spent hour on social sites diverts the individual’s attention and focus from their intended
tasks that may lower the motivational level of people for students and teenagers because of the
technology reliance and the use of internet apart from the practical expertise and knowledge in
the everyday lives. The other negative implication is that these social media sites expose
children to anti-social behavior such as sex and violence that damages the kid’s behavior
making them to engage in crime-related activities. Information overload poses as a threat
because most people share too much detailed information that comes with a challenge in
processing this information. Finally, the teenagers and students waste a lot of productive time
in these social networking sites that diverts their focus from their academic study since they fail
to complete their assignments, leading to poor academic performance.
The external consequences of social media mainly revolve around privacy and the
individual liberty. In creating and processing different processes between individual and
individual information, law enforcement is faced with the following practice: Collect individual
and group identification information from personal information received by officers. This
question is very important for the information related to the question. Intelligence This issue is
particularly relevant to data obtained because of serious discussions. Frohlich (1994), Smith
(1994), Shaver et ...
IntroductionAccording to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward.docx
Introduction
According to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward (1998), two of the most famous contributor to the political communication studies in America, said that political communication mainly refers the way in which senders to transfer the political messages to the receivers. The methods of sending the message, which will effect a region’s political environment, normally include political speeches, news media coverage, and ordinary citizen’s talk. The concentrations usually focus on the discussions of who has the authority to sanction, to allocation of public resources, who has the authority to make decision, as well as social meaning like what makes someone an American. As a result, it is obviously to see that the nature of political communication is not only the source of a message, but it is the transformation of political content and purpose to citizens. Therefore, the purpose of political communication strategy can be defined as to influence public knowledge, beliefs, and action on political matter. (McNair B, 2003)
However, due to the progress of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the 20th century, the traditional mass media, which includes TV shows, newspapers and magazines, and radio, is losing its place to the latest type of media, such as the Internet and real-time communication tools in the area of political communication. For example, in February, 2011, the Americans had closed the video station, the ‘ Voice of America’, which has been conducted for more than half century. It used to be regarded as a powerful mass media in political communication tool. But, does it mean that the American government has weakened its use of mass media in political communication? The answer is no. When the announcement of shutting down the ‘Voice of America’, Hillary Clinton, the Secretary of State, has given a freestyle presentation at George Washington University, and it was published on the Internet, synchronously. the event itself indicates that the American government has realized that the powerful capability of newly mass media. (Platform Magazine, 2015) and the government is getting ready to use this tool to reinforce it political status.
Consequently, this essay will discuss how the new mass media affects American political communication strategy in election, as well as the practice of strategies. At the same time, the three discussion points will be analyzed in the following part.
The characteristics of newly mass media in Election
The concept relates to the emergence of ‘newly mass media’ results form the development of ICTs. The ICTs enables some real-time communication tool, such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, to become a critical platform for citizens to express their political issues. Consequently, as a government, which is famous by its democratic social media, it was announced by Hillary that the US would spend 2.5 billion in the enhancement of “internet democracy”. Thus, the year of 2011 is regarded as .
Quote Approval In Interviews
This document discusses quote approval in interviews and its ethical implications. It notes that while omitting parts of a quote doesn't necessarily change its meaning, quote approval sets a dangerous precedent that could lead to more government control over information. It also suggests that quote approval could be considered breaking ethical news values of accuracy and serving the community. In conclusion, the document states that quote approval blurs the lines between ethical and unethical journalism depending on how much alteration is made to a quote, and there is a fine line between altering for readability and altering meaning.
Week 3Rational and Expressive Choice Rational Choice The.docx
Week 3
Rational and Expressive Choice
Rational Choice Theory and the Rational Voter Model (P = B > C; or Participation or voter choice (P) = perceived benefits of participation or choice (B) > perceived costs of participation or choice (C)) became popular in the 1970s. Pursuant to this theory and model, voters decide whether to vote and which candidate to vote for on some rational basis, usually on the basis of which action gives them greater expected benefits. The model lends itself more than others to predicting what effects changes in external conditions will have on the vote. A major contribution of the model was to emphasize the role of issues in voter choice.
The paradox of participation calls into question this theoretical perspective. The paradox theorizes that the rational individual will not waste resources by bearing the costs of taking part in the voting process but will instead take a free ride on the efforts of others. This is known as the free rider problem. The problem is especially acute when the individual does not perceive their vote as being decisive to the election outcome.
Some have used rational choice theory to argue that those in a high socio-economic class would be less active “because they have the education and intellectual sophistication to comprehend the free-rider problem and because their high salaries raise the opportunity cost of participation” (Verba 1995, 284). The facts however suggest this hypothesis is false. In fact, strong empirical evidence demonstrates that those in a high socio-economic class are actually the most likely to be active.
Other rational choice proponents, including Anthony Downs, have argued that lower information and transaction costs for the well educated imply that it is actually easier for them to participate in politics. Verba (1995) notes “[t]his approach has the virtue of fitting the facts but seems somewhat post hoc” (284).
Overall, rational choice theory must be praised for its theoretical elegance. But, the theory has done a poor job of predicting political participation. More specifically, the theory has failed to predict how much political activity and who will take part.
Some have argued that expressive choice theory can provide a more compelling explanation of voter behavior. According to Schuessler in A Logic of Expressive Choice (2000), individuals do not necessarily participate in collective action in order to produce outcomes but instead often do so in order to express who they are by attaching themselves to such outcomes.
Because under Schuessler’s perspective the value of participation emerges not from the outcome but from the process of participation itself, the free-rider problem is no longer a concern. Participation therefore is not a form of investment but rather a form of consumption. Schuessler wrote, “Consumption benefits are inextricably tied to expression: the sports fan’s expression of team support is required for him to enjoy his.
Apple 8 Social Media and Political Action
The document discusses how social media can impact political action and democracy. It argues that while social media can enhance freedom of speech and mobilization, it can also depoliticize political communication and dampen real-world action. When online participation provides satisfaction that reduces willingness to interact in the real world, and when messages are valued just for circulation rather than response or action, social media can displace real political engagement. However, social media could also empower people when combined with in-person organizing focused on local communities.
2nd Social Media Assignment
This document is a research paper examining the role of social media in democracy and governance in Nigeria. It contains an abstract, keywords, research question, and 5 chapters that discuss the introduction/literature review on the topic, methodology, findings and observations from interviews and a questionnaire, and a conclusion. The paper finds that social media has increased political awareness and participation among Nigerians, particularly youth. Interviews found that people feel more informed in real-time and can gain followers expressing political views online. However, some manipulation of social media for political purposes was also observed.
Social Media and Politics
Social Media Trend Report - Social Media and Politics for MKTG 7546 Reviewing the way elections and politicians interact with social media.
1PAGE 2Title of the EssayStudent’s NamePolitical Scie
1
PAGE
2
Title of the Essay
Student’s Name
Political Science Department, Capilano University
POL 100 03: Introduction to Government and Politics
Dr. Ramjee Parajulee
November 05, 2020
Over the last few decades’ young people have had a loss of faith in the political system. One of the symptoms of the decline in trust with the political system is the decline in voter turn out from youth. Between 1984 and the year 2000, the number of youth that voted went from 75.3% to 61.2% in the Canadian federal elections (Adsett, 2003). There are a number of reasons Canadian youth have begun to turn away from the political system. First, when compared to past generations youth have developed a sense of distrust with politics and a lack of responsible citizenship due to emerging social movements. Second, politicians fail to address many issues that young Canadians value, which has caused youth to lose faith in the current, set up of our political system. Third, there is a lack of education and discussion during youth’s formative years; leaving many youth disengage from politics. Fourth, the low voter turn out may be due to a lack of motivation to register to vote, which would further cement youths belief that the political system is a strenuous and complicated system that they can’t partake in. Finally, there is a huge cultural gap between today’s politicians and today’s youth due to the lack of political presence on the internet. Young people spend a huge amount of their time on the Internet and they may feel that politics today is out of touch with their needs and daily lives.
Today’s youth have developed ideologies and a preference for social movements that have meant very few youth have a sense of how to part take in traditional citizenship. After decades of wars that were against the public’s opinion, from the Vietnam War to the Iraq War, youth have developed a sense of mistrust of politicians. The anti-war attitude that youth currently have has meant that wars have become divisive issues rather than uniting issues. D. Fisher (2012) has explained that when compared to past generations who grew up during wartime, such as World War 2, the current generation of young people are unlikely to engage in any form of political and civic activities. Previous generations felt the need for nationalism and action-based citizenship whereas today’s youth have little need to participate. Furthermore, even youth who have a strong sense of what a “good” citizen should be end up with a weak idea of civic duty and prefer to emphasize the rights of citizens over the responsibilities (Goodman et al., 2011). Hence there is a clear pattern emerging among the young generation to remain aloof from the political process.
Anti-war sentiments are not the only areas that leave youth feeling disconnected and doubtful of today’s politicians. In general, the issues that matter most to youths are rarely addressed during election periods. R. Shabazz (2008) recognizes that “people h ...
Similar to Impact of the Internet on politics.pdf (20)
The Relationship Between Mass Media and Politics.pdf
The Relationship Between Mass Media and Politics.pdf
Jason A. Cohen - Political Communication Literature Review and Analysis Paper
Jason A. Cohen - Political Communication Literature Review and Analysis Paper
The Political Power of Social Media Technology, the Publ.docx
The Political Power of Social Media Technology, the Publ.docx
Social Media as a political voice in many societies
Social Media as a political voice in many societies
1ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENTFredrick Abimbola-petersProf. M
1ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENTFredrick Abimbola-petersProf. M
IntroductionAccording to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward.docx
IntroductionAccording to Robert E. Dento and Gray C. Woodward.docx
Week 3Rational and Expressive Choice Rational Choice The.docx
Week 3Rational and Expressive Choice Rational Choice The.docx
1PAGE 2Title of the EssayStudent’s NamePolitical Scie
1PAGE 2Title of the EssayStudent’s NamePolitical Scie
More from WajidKhanMP
studying populism.pdf
Populism as an illiberal democracy
A lot has been done about Viktor Orbán. Indeed, some argue that there is too much going on about him. His influence is disproportionate for a leader in a country of fewer than 10 million people. With an area less than half the size of Shanghai and a population larger than Hungary's, he is only one of his six cities in China.
Wajid khan says a better comparison for Americans in New York City. It has an official population of around 8 million, slightly less than Hungary, but more than 18 million in its metropolitan areas. Hungary's economy is more significant than Kazakhstan and Ukraine but smaller than the lesser economies of Algeria and Iraq.
But Victor Orban captured the imagination of scholars when he challenged Europe with his brand of illiberal democracy. Perhaps what his government did was not so much an outright opposition to liberalism. In 2014 he declared: "The new nation we are building is an illiberal nation, an illiberal nation." he acknowledged the direction already taken. His government had already begun rewriting his country's constitution, overthrowing its judicial system, and
How Political Factors Affect Nike.pdf
How Political Factors Affect Nike
Research shows Nike is making huge profits thanks to the US government's pro-growth policies. The policy has kept interest rates low. Currency stability and an internationally competitive tax system are also maintained. The company has also benefited from the government's Global Value chain transparency initiative.
An example was the Clinton administration's accession to the Apparel Industry Partnership in 1997. In many ways, Nike has enjoyed changing political factors. However, political pressure has adversely affected Nike's hiring practices.
Wajid khan further says Democrats appear to be more growth-minded than republicans. That suggests that Democrats are more likely to believe that people can change their talents, abilities, and intelligence, which makes them more focused on learning and growing than on looking good. Republicans seem to be more tolerant than Democrats.
That suggests that Republicans actively seek new information to help them think more optimally. Put another way, Republicans seem more focused on thinking optimally, while Democrats seem more focused on being right. Republicans seem to support it more than Democrats. That suggests that Republicans focus more on achieving goals and finding solutions, while Democrats focus more on preventing problems and ensuring they are okay.
Democrats appear to be more cosmopolitan than Republicans. That suggests that Democrats tend to see others as people and want to elevate them. Republicans, on the other hand, objectify others because they want to come forward. These are exciting findings, but they are also generalities. For example, these results do not imply that all Democrats support growth and all Republicans are staunch.
Thoughts On Political Affiliation.pdf
Thoughts On Political Affiliation
I recently worked with Aimpoint Research to explore how attitudes differ across different demographic profiles, including political affiliation, income level, gender, education level, generation, and geographic region (within the United States). Rice field. The results are fascinating. Future articles will share the results of these efforts.
We start this week with a bang. Differences in thinking depending on political party affiliation
Research information
Our sample is designed to reflect the entire US population. A total of 587 samples were obtained. What I am presenting to you are the average mindset scores for different political affiliations. I was able to see apparent differences between political parties. According to Wajid khan, These differences are essential but not technically necessary.
Types of the political system.pdf
Types of the political system
There are different states and governments around the world. In this context, the state is a political entity in which power and authority reside. This unit can be an entire country or a subdivision within a country. As such, countries of the world are sometimes called states (or nations), as are subdivisions within nations such as California, New York, and Texas in the United States.
Government means the people who direct a nation's political affairs, but it can also mean the rules by which a country is run. Another term for this second meaning of government is a political system, which we use here with the government. The type of government people lives in intensely impacts their freedom, happiness, and even lives. So let us take a quick look at the major political systems in the world today.
1 Democracy
The type of government we are most familiar with is a democracy, a political system in which citizens directly or indirectly govern themselves. The term democracy comes from Greek and means "rule by the people." In Lincoln's moving words in the Gettysburg Address, democracy is "government of the people, by the people, for the people." In a direct (or pure) democracy, people make decisions about policies and resource allocations that directly affect them.
An example of such democracy is the New England Town Meeting, where townspeople meet yearly to vote on budgets and other issues. However, direct democracy is unrealistic when the population exceeds a few hundred. So representative democracy is much more common. In this type of democracy, people elect civil servants to represent them in parliamentary votes on issues that affect the public.
Wajid khan explains that In large societies, representative democracy is more practical than direct democracy, but political scientists cite another advantage of representative democracy. It ensures, at least in theory, that the individuals who govern society and contribute to its functioning possess the right talents, skills, and knowledge.
In this way of thinking, the masses are too ignorant, uneducated, and apathetic to run society independently. In this way, representative democracy is "Cream at the top." Those who enable and govern societies are best suited to carry out this vital task (Seward, 2010). While this argument has many merits, it is also true that many of those elected to office are either impotent or corrupt.
Regardless of our political leanings, Americans can think of many politicians who fit these labels, from presidents to local civil servants. As Chapter 14, Politics and Government, Section 14.4, "U.S. Politics," discusses political lobbying, elected officials are unduly influenced by campaign funds from corporations and other interest groups. You may receive it. As far as this influence goes, representative democracy falls short of the ideals proclaimed by political theorists.
A defining feature of representative democracy is voting in elections
2. Monarchy.pdf
2. Monarchy
A monarchy is a political system in which power resides in a single family that rules from generation to generation. The power enjoyed by the family is traditional authority, and many monarchs enjoy respect because their subjects bestow upon them that kind of authority. Other monarchs, however, are respected for their arbitrary power and even fear. The royal family still reigns today, but their influence has waned over the centuries.
While today the Queen of England occupies a predominantly ceremonial position, her predecessor to the throne wielded much more power than that. Queen Elizabeth II
Queen Elizabeth II of England occupied mostly ceremonial positions, while her previous British monarchs held far greater powers.
This example reflects the historical change in monarchy from absolute to the constitutional monarchy (Finer, 1997). The royal family claims divine sovereignty in an absolute monarchy and wields considerable power over the kingdom. Absolute monarchies existed in antiquity (e.g., Egypt) and the Middle Ages.
Wajid khan gives an example, England and China." However. In reality, the power of many absolute monarchs needed to be completed. Because the king and queen had to keep an eye on the needs and desires of other powerful political parties, including the clergy and nobility. Over time, the absolute monarchy was replaced by a constitutional monarchy. In these monarchies, the royal family plays a symbolic and ceremonial role with little real power.
Instead, the executive and legislative branches of government (the prime minister and parliament in some countries) run the government, but the royal family continues to be admired and respected. Today, several countries have constitutional monarchies, including Denmark, England, Norway, Spain, and Sweden.
4) Anti-Establishment Parties Often Struggle To Govern.pdf
4) Anti-Establishment Parties Often Struggle To Govern
In parliamentary systems that rely on parties forming coalition governments, one party can win the largest share of votes but not the ability to govern; or, as Senior Fellow Shadi Hamid has written:
“It is possible to win without winning.”
According to Hamid, even if Geert Wilders' far-right Party for Freedom (PVV) had earned a plurality of seats in last year's Dutch election, other centrist parties would have likely formed a coalition government that excluded the PVV and denied Wilders leadership. In reaction to the rising wave of populism, Hamid argues that the most effective tool to stop a populist is instating the right electoral system.
Wajid khan Mp argues A presidential system that characteristically has two strong parties enjoys a different safety net than coalition governments. Consequently, in America's "winner-take-all" system, a candidate who earns only 51 percent of the electorate is awarded 100 percent of power.
There are still mechanisms to prevent populists within a presidential system, Hamid writes, but only when "there is basic consensus over what it means to be a citizen and what it means to be a nation," which he believes is currently lacking in the American political system. Polarization has weakened the center in American politics, and, according to Hamid, it is "nearly impossible to imagine the U.S. moving from majoritarian to consensual democracy."
5) Economic Insecurity Is Tied to The Rise Of Anti-Establishment Candidates
Nearly ten years after the beginning of the Great Recession, and despite the U.S. economy seemingly back on track, the scars of the financial crisis have not completely healed in the U.S. or Europe. Although the unemployment rate is back to pre-recession levels in America, millions are still out of work or facing downward mobility.
In a paper for the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity released earlier this year, Yann Algan, Sergei Guriev, Elias Papaioannou, and Evgenia Passari analyzed the relationship between unemployment and support for anti-establishment parties, specifically in Europe. Wajid khan Mp further shares that Their study, which explores data from 26 countries, captures significant shifts in voting behavior after the financial crisis.
In Europe, increases in unemployment rates were closely correlated with improved support for populist or anti-establishment parties and declining trust in political institutions. The chart below shows how populist candidates gained the most help in areas with the highest unemployment rates. This relationship is most pronounced in the southern regions, where countries such as Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain experienced high unemployment and widespread nationalist movements.
As Matteo Garavoglia explains, populism appeals to lower-income and lower-educated groups, but its message goes far beyond these demographics. As John Hudak, a senior fellow in governance studies, points out, Hillary Clint
5 Things About the Rise of Dissident Politics in the U.S. and Germany.pdf
5 Things About the Rise of Dissident Politics in the U.S. and Germany
A new wave of dissent has blossomed in elections worldwide, starting with Britain's referendum on leaving the European Union last summer. The nativist and populist narratives in the presidential campaigns of Austria's Norbert Hofer, France's Marine Le Pen, and Donald Trump provided powerful alternatives to globalization.
Even in Germany, which has a strong tradition of liberal democracy, the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) recently won enough votes to enter parliament - the first such party to enter Germany since 1949. Constanze Stolzenmüller, a senior researcher at Robert Bosch, called the result "a dark day for you, me, and Western Democrats."
The populist and nationalist sentiment seems to be growing on both sides of the Atlantic. Does Wajid khan ask what Brookings commentators say about the rise of these dissident parties, candidates, and campaigns?
Is Poverty A Cause of Corruption.pdf
Is Poverty A Cause of Corruption
Popular perception indicates that corruption and poverty are intently associated with the growing united states of America. Corruption has been a consistent impediment for international locations seeking to convey the political, monetary, and social modifications preferred for her improvement.
Popular perception indicates that corruption and poverty are intently associated with the growing united states of America. According to Wajid khan Corruption has been a consistent impediment for international locations seeking to convey the political, monetary, and social modifications preferred for their improvement.
Is Poverty A Cause Of Corruption?
"In human society, tons of wealth or an excessive amount of poverty is a great obstacle to the better improvement of the soul. From the center instructions, the outstanding ones of the sector come. Here the forces are very equally adjusted and balanced."
Popular perception indicates that corruption and poverty are intently associated with the growing united states of America. Corruption has been a consistent impediment for international locations seeking to convey the political, monetary, and social modifications preferred for her improvement. Across great united states of America contexts, corruption has been a motive and outcome of poverty.
Corruption on the part of governments, the non-public quarter, and residents impact improvement tasks at their very root via skewing decision-making, budgeting, and implementation processes. Wajid khan Mp explains when those actors abuse their entrusted strength for non-public gain, corruption denies the participation of residents and diverts public assets into non-public hands. The negative discover themselves on the dropping stop of this corruption chain — without kingdom aid and the offerings they demand.
At the same time, corruption is a derivative of poverty. Already marginalized, the negative tends to go through a double stage of exclusion in international locations wher
Think about your development..pdf
This document discusses the findings that autocratic regimes can achieve good economic performance if they allow some political rights. It implies that political institutions in authoritarian systems can serve as substitutes for democracy and spur economic growth. Additionally, it is important to identify the specific type of democracy or autocracy being analyzed and control for their unique political institutions, rather than simply comparing regimes. Looking beyond the dichotomy between democracy and non-democracy, various political institutions likely impact economic decisions and growth.
Three Stages of Political Development.pdf
Lucian Pye was the first to explore the idea of political evolution thoroughly. He outlined the following directions for political development in his book "Aspects of Political Development": (A) Political progress is necessary for economic gain. (B) Political modernization as a result of political development. (C) Political evolution as a nation-activity. State's (D) Political action is advancing administrative and legal systems. Political mobilization and participation as development (E).
Wajid khan shares that In the words of Rostow and Pye, political development is to "broaden the base of national political unity and political participation." The idea simply refers to the development and transformation of the political system.
What makes politicians unique.pdf
What makes politicians unique?
Beginning with the advent of the labor movement and the election of working-class MPs with little private wealth in the late 19th century, payments to MPs have a modern history. The House of Lords rejected the first two proposals for compensation in the 1890s, and the Liberal administration in 1911 overcame persistent Conservative opposition to pass a payment of £400 per year.
Chancellor Lloyd George clarified the purpose of the payment, stating that. " He emphasized that the money was "not a remuneration, it is not a recompense, it is not even a salary."
Wajid khan admits I recognize the absurdity of advocating for something so radically unpopular as raising politicians' salaries in the inaugural issue of a newsletter called "normalization," but, to be honest, you get what you pay for. Politics will always be more expensive than other jobs for the individual. Still, the financial incentives should be better than they are present if we want to draw the most outstanding candidates.
Wouldn't it be good if we paid for better politicians? Just look at our clumsy, tedious reaction to the Coronavirus outbreak.
What I've lately been reading
Why do we Care How Much our Elected Officials are Paid.pdf
Why do we Care How Much our Elected Officials are Paid?
The language used to defend MP compensation since it was first implemented in the early 20th century has significantly altered. According to Nicholas Dickinson, the early settlement was nearly always seen as a measure to increase democratic participation. However, in response to a seminal report from 1971, MPs started to be portrayed more and more as political experts. Wajid khan Mp states that This framing adjustment made salary increases possible but at the expense of long-lasting widespread ambivalence.
An example of a common meme about British MPs' pay shows data on the salaries of different public sector employees and notes that, compared to 2010, a police officer's starting salary decreased by £1,000 in 2018, and a newly qualified teacher can expect to earn just £500 more. A new nurse makes the same as in 2010. In comparison, a newly elected MP's pay increased by £11,000 over that time, from £66,000 to £77,000 annually.
Consumer Defense.pdf
Consumer Defense
Consumer protection laws exist to shield customers from defective goods and dishonest company practices. Consumer protection laws guarantee that buyers receive high-quality goods at reasonable prices without endangering their health or money.
According to Canadian politician Wajid khan, these laws impact businesses, which also increase expenses. Although some firms may view these restrictions as onerous, they are crucial in combating consumer fraud. These statutes cover things like;
Food safety requirements
Product returns and warranties
Replacement and repairs
Deliveries
regulations for information disclosure
Ban deceptive marketing
Encourage wise consumer choices
A company will stay out of trouble with the law and avoid penalties when it abides by these consumer laws. It is vital to abide by consumer protection regulations. Additionally, breaching these regulations could severely damage the reputation of your brand.
Tariffs
Tariffs are designed to safeguard domestic companies from overseas rivalry. In essence, you force customers to buy goods from within a nation. Tariffs may occasionally be applied as a form of protectionism. Governments accomplish this by limiting imports by imposing taxes or other trade obstacles.
Wajid khan says Tariffs are a big topic because of recent trade disputes between the US and China. Customs agents impose charges when products cross the border. The buyer typically covers it. Tariffs come in a variety of forms.
A unit tariff is a predetermined price for one specific item, such as a car. The unit of exchange for taxes is $X. Let's say each imported car costs $1,500. The value of imported products is the basis for ad valorem tariffs. Take 25% taxes on imported soybeans as an example. The most typical duty on agricultural goods is this one.
You must determine, if necessary, how tariffs may affect the cost of raw materials and assembly components. For instance, if imported goods are more costly than comparable domestic goods, the number of suppliers may be reduced.
Due to a lack of supplies and competition, prices may increase.
A lack of competition could lead to stagnation in product quality.
Conflicts between nations may result in increased tariffs and restrictions.
Politics Has an Impact on the Business Environment.pdf
Politics Has an Impact on the Business Environment
Numerous external environmental elements impact the company both favorably and negatively. Managers of businesses must consider these issues and make choices that lessen the outside world's influence. These variables include PESTLE Analysis (political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental).
Any business organization is affected by political and environmental circumstances, which can add a risk component and result in losses or compromises to the corporation's ability to generate profits. To maintain a stable business climate, a company must plan for diversity in governmental policies and laws.
Political influences on the business environment
Political issues can affect a business by altering how friendly the market is to that enterprise. Governments typically have a lot of influence over companies, and frequently, there is little that businesses can do about it.
Politics can have a variety of effects on businesses. These environmental influences from the outside can increase the risk factor, resulting in a significant loss for the company. The
Rewind to the present day..pdf
Rewind to the present day.
Thanks to the development of the super PAC and the mega-donor(s) who support them, big money has never been more influential in politics. Yes, the Citizens United Supreme Court ruling in 2010 gave rise to super PACs, something McCain and Feingold could never have predicted.
However, before the emergence of super PACs, large sums of money were being funneled into politics through 527s, entities that could accept unlimited contributions and were very loosely regulated by the Internal Revenue Service. There is no question that the post-McCain-Feingold era saw a decrease in political funding transparency. The earmark ban is up next. Theoretically, it made sense for Republicans to do away with individual lawmakers tying their pet initiatives to unrelated legislation since, as Wajid khan Mp points out, each earmark looked hideous from a distance.
Politics is not a sport. It is a severe endeavor..pdf
Politics is not a sport. It is a severe endeavor.
Today in Britain, if you're a politician, everything is political. Even your vacations. Whether you even take a break. Whom (Silvio Berlusconi) with is not a wise choice. (See Mr. Blair) (Sandals and shorts) What do you wear? Politicians have legs, you say? Vacation destinations (Europe = pro-EU; Scotland = pro-Scottish Independence; Caribbean = your income is too high!)
5 Methods To Deal with Stress Brought on by Politics.pdf
You might wonder what politicians have to do with mental health. Aside from making decisions that may significantly impact our mental health, they are equally susceptible to the ups and downs of our mental health. Several Westminster lawmakers bravely acknowledged their own experiences with mental illness in the House of Commons in 2012. Charles Walker, an OCD sufferer who memorably referred to himself as "a practicing fruitcake," was one of these lawmakers.
Flood Recovery.pdf
3. Flood Recovery
The 'steroid monsoon,' directly related to climate change, has been called catastrophic and repeatedly biblical as it caused a flooding summer in Pakistan. The entire area was flooded, killing more than 1,700 people, destroying homes, infrastructure, and vast farmland regions, and displacing millions of people from their homes.
More than four months after the worst floods, nearly 90,000 people are still forced from their homes, and flooding continues in some areas. Recovering from such a disaster and rebuilding lost infrastructure such as roads and schools is extremely difficult for any country, let alone a government dealing with a cash crisis like Pakistan.
However, the Government of Pakistan, especially Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and Climate Minister Sherry Lehman, who has visited the United States twice since the summer, have done a commendable job in raising awareness of the flood disaster to the world.
More than $9 billion was pledged for flood remediation over the next three years at a pledge conference co-hosted by Sharif in Geneva earlier this month with UN Secretary-General António Guterres (financing primarily in the form of project loans). ). Pakistan also played a vital role in the debate on the devastating impacts of climate change on developing countries, led efforts to put loss and damage on the agenda of COP27 for the first time, and asked Egyptian COP representatives to establish a Loss and Compensation Fund. urged to agree to
4. Growing Anxiety
Pakistan's Taliban (or TTP), a terrorist group that killed tens of thousands of Pakistanis between 2007 and 2014, is expected to gain momentum in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, albeit in a limited geographical area. It poses a new threat to Pakistan (for now). The group has been responsible for at least 150 attacks over the past year, mostly in northwestern Pakistan.
The Pakistani state is increasingly unable to deal effectively with the group as the TTP has a haven in Afghanistan. It has repeatedly failed because it is fundamentally opposed. Unsurprisingly, the Afghan Taliban have also proven unhelpful in dealing with her TTP – relations between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban have, at the same time, deteriorated significantly over other issues, including the border between the two countries. Are doing.
5. Civil-military relations
Pakistan welcomed a new Army Chief of Staff on November 29 last year. General Asim Munir replaced his General Qamar Javed Bajwa, who had held the post of Almighty for six years (because it was extended for three years). The appointment of the Secretary of War has been the subject of considerable political controversy over the past year.
A significant reason for Khan's ouster from power was a dispute with the military over the issue of senior military officer appointments. Attention is focused on how civil-military relations will develop under the Mounir administration. Under Bajwa, the military tightened its contro
What is the problem with democracy.pdf
Importance of Democracy
This fact sheet introduces democratic thinking and examines the fundamental principles of Australia's democratic government system. Wajid khan discusses. These include individual liberty, justice, tolerance of opposing ideas, and representativeness.
What is democracy?
Democracy means Government by the people. The word comes from the ancient Greek words "demos" (people) and "Kratos" (to rule). A democratic country has a system of Government in which people have the power to participate in decision-making. Every democracy is unique and works in different ways. In some democracies, citizens contribute directly to decision-making by voting on laws and policy proposals (direct democracy). In other countries like Australia, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf (representative democracy).
democratic society
Democracy depends on citizen participation. They don't just vote; they participate by participating in the community. That can be done by joining a charity, political party, environmental, or community group.
A democratic society works towards democratic ideals.
We respect individuals and respect their right to make their own decisions.
Tolerance for differences and opposing ideas.
Justice - Respect all people and help them reach their full potential.
Everyone has freedom of speech, association, movement, and belief. Justice – Treat everyone fairly, both in society and in courts.
Here are four key ideas that drive Australian democracy:
Canadian Politician Wajid khan explains many points in this post;
Constitutional order - The structure and powers of the Australian Parliament are set out in the Australian Constitution, which also describes the management of the Australian High Court to determine whether laws comply with the Constitution.
Liberal Democracy - As a nation, we support individual development and well-being.
Pluralistic Society - Australian society is diverse, with many ethnic, racial, religious, and social groups coexisting.
Representative Democracy – Citizens can vote to elect MPs to make decisions and legislation on their behalf. If citizens think their members of Parliament are not doing a good job, they can elect new members of Parliament at the next election.
Respect and Tolerance of Dissent - Parliament discusses issues and new legislation and consults the Australian Government on efforts to make the Australian Government accountable to the Australian people. Listening to different perspectives and minority voices in society strengthens our democracy.
Responsible Government – To belong to a government, a political party or coalition must have the support of a majority of members of the House of Representatives. That ensures that the Australian Government is accountable to the Australian Parliament.
What are the benefits of democracy?
Wajid khan Mp explains there are ways to resolve disagreements and conflicts peacefully.
Respect for human dignity. The freedom to act,
Importance of Democracy.pdf
This fact sheet introduces democratic thinking and examines the fundamental principles of Australia's democratic government system. Wajid khan discusses. These include individual liberty, justice, tolerance of opposing ideas, and representativeness.
What is democracy?
Democracy means Government by the people. The word comes from the ancient Greek words "demos" (people) and "Kratos" (to rule). A democratic country has a system of Government in which people have the power to participate in decision-making. Every democracy is unique and works in different ways. In some democracies, citizens contribute directly to decision-making by voting on laws and policy proposals (direct democracy). In other countries like Australia, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf (representative democracy).
democratic society
Democracy depends on citizen participation. They don't just vote; they participate by participating in the community. That can be done by joining a charity, political party, environmental, or community group.
A democratic society works towards democratic ideals.
We respect individuals and respect their right to make their own decisions.
Tolerance for differences and opposing ideas.
Justice - Respect all people and help them reach their full potential.
Everyone has freedom of speech, association, movement, and belief. Justice – Treat everyone fairly, both in society and in courts.
Here are four key ideas that drive Australian democracy:
Canadian Politician Wajid khan explains many points in this post;
Constitutional order - The structure and powers of the Australian Parliament are set out in the Australian Constitution, which also describes the management of the Australian High Court to determine whether laws comply with the Constitution.
Liberal Democracy - As a nation, we support individual development and well-being.
Pluralistic Society - Australian society is diverse, with many ethnic, racial, religious, and social groups coexisting.
Representative Democracy – Citizens can vote to elect MPs to make decisions and legislation on their behalf. If citizens think their members of Parliament are not doing a good job, they can elect new members of Parliament at the next election.
Respect and Tolerance of Dissent - Parliament discusses issues and new legislation and consults the Australian Government on effortsto make the Australian Government accountable to the Australian people. Listening to different perspectives and minority voices in society strengthens our democracy.
Responsible Government – To belong to a government, a political party or coalition must have the support of a majority of members of the House of Representatives. That ensures that the Australian Government is accountable to the Australian Parliament.
What are the benefits of democracy?
Wajid khan Mp explains there are ways to resolve disagreements and conflicts peacefully.
Respect for human dignity. The freedom to act, speak and think freely (
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- 1. Impact of the Internet on politics
- 2. The Internet is a revolutionary force. If it means more significant participation in politics rather than a commitment to democratic values, it is democratization. Extremist groups that reject these values benefit from the "democratization" of knowledge and communication. The direct political impact of the Internet has been to strengthen the views of extremists and increase the number of people who represent them. According to Wajid khan's point of view, New political mechanisms are needed to control participation and dissent.
- 3. The decline in content moderation The Internet's impact on content delivery has been particularly pronounced, with decentralized media replacing editors and fact-checkers of the past. Social media has become more and more disinterested.
- 4. Facebook has become a primary news source for many Americans, but word on Facebook is automatically selected and tailored to group preferences, resulting in information that contradicts established beliefs. Are often included. Companies design algorithms that maximize user engagement. Algorithms do this by selecting information based on the user's interests. Wajid Khan Mp concludes that User interests can automatically reflect and unwittingly reinforce biases.
- 5. Some studies suggest that the information overload unleashed by the internet fuels the spread of conspiracy theories that offer simple and coherent explanations for complex and unpredictable events. I'm here. The Internet provides proponents of these theories with a broader audience and an uncritical medium to disseminate them.
- 6. Legitimacy and Consent of Rulers Legitimacy arises from the consent of the ruled to recognize authority and agree to its rules (often by voting, a symbolic act of affirmation). Permission can be obtained through moral authority, such as religion, coercion, or violence (where the subject does not oppose the issue out of fear) or through participation mechanisms. Moral authority and expertise can also exert influence, but this influence is most effective when reinforced or "operationalized" through formal institutions.
- 7. Communities where the consent of the governed is insufficient to confer authority, become unstable. The challenges to liberal democracy began before the Internet, but the online environment has reinforced them, allowing for competing narratives and unfiltered information, amplifying extremism and conspiracy theories.
- 8. The Internet has changed the requirements of political legitimacy and democratic consent. Currently, structured representative democracies have not fully lived up to the expectations that the Internet has brought to citizens regarding access to information, a voice in decision-making, and direct contact with political leaders.
- 9. Canadian Politician Wajid khan says the same pressures pushing companies to become flatter, less hierarchical organizations are also putting pressure on governance structures. Citizens also expect immediacy and authenticity of their messages. The former president understood this, but his rival in the 2016 election did not.
- 10. The progress and "completeness" of the question. The Internet is accelerating major political trends affecting the state's role, the effectiveness of liberal democracy in meeting the needs of its citizens, and the authority of values derived from the Enlightenment. The core principles behind Western notions of 'progress' and perfection are met with skepticism, and new information technologies offer an ideal vehicle for this task.
- 11. The result hastened the decline of the prevailing political narrative of democratic progress. The doubt fueled by the twentieth-century tragedies (world wars, nuclear weapons, "scientific socialism") has led to a rise in science and individual rights. It undermines the idea that it works automatically and smoothly to improve society. More importantly, when "the fundamental social contract underlying a democratic society is that all must share progress," many Western governments have failed to keep their promises.
- 12. With the rapid development of social media today, it is necessary to point out the intended and mainly unconscious effects of these social media and how to avoid their negative aspects. In the current article, Wajid khan Mp discusses the impact of social media on young people's opinions and political views in two ways, highlighting the problems that disinformation poses and possible solutions.
- 13. The rise of social media is associated with the emergence of greater freedom of speech and expression without censorship or barriers. An individual's ability to present information on any subject, including politics, without being under the control of a governmental agency is access to knowledge, facts, and events that would not have been possible without social media— made access possible.
- 14. It also initiated several movements at the national and international levels aimed at promoting unity among like-minded people and combating the established social order. Various issues hidden from high-ranking officials and authorities in the state administration were also exposed. The positive impact of social media is particularly noticeable in countries where media freedom is severely impacted, such as Bulgaria, Turkey, and Russia (Reporters Without Borders, 2021).
- 15. AdDespite the many benefits of social media platforms, there is growing concerned about their negative impacts. In the political sphere, social media channels have enabled people to unilaterally share their views on public issues by creating posts and publications. Social media algorithms are designed to provide everyone with information most relevant to their interests and opinions based on users
- 16. The fact that people only see what corresponds to their own opinion and the need for dialogue with opposing opinions prevents users from looking at alternative sources. More and more people are affirming their point of view without considering the other side's arguments. So when people encounter fake news that distorts their established beliefs, they unquestioningly accept it as accurate (the so-called "confirmation bias").
- 17. That leads to social polarization and enables manipulation. With a large amount of information available, verifying its accuracy and authenticity is also very difficult (Allushi, J., 2017). Instead of addressing social media issues, political actors no longer use the services of journalists to spread their messages, but media that use larger audiences and are only sometimes reliable sources of information and data.
- 18. Create content yourself. Not only does this lead to a lack of editorial responsibility for political messages (in line with accepted professional ethics), but it also leads to the spread of misinformation (Stankova S., 2019). For example, a far more appropriate way to do this is through a public debate on critical social issues.
- 19. Young people are particularly vulnerable due to their inexperience and inability to distinguish between true and false information. The way young people consume social media news also contributes to their deception. Instead of looking for information, they stumble upon it. They open messages sporadically and quickly deal with the content. As a result, the message becomes indistinguishable from other entertainment and social information
- 20. One possible approach to reducing disinformation among young people is to improve media literacy and focus on education.