Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. / Strict requirement for an Asp residue at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-|-. / Specifically inhibited by the cowpox virus Crma protein.
Anti-Caspase-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-1-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation. Mediates its effects by interactions with a number of other regulators of apoptosis. Isoform 1 inhibits apoptosis. Isoform 2 promotes apoptosis.
Anti-Mcl-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcl-1-antibody-p-
94947
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated.
Anti-Stat1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/stat1-antibody-p-94442
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Transcription activator that binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes. Important for the coordinated up-regulation of genes in response to oxidative stress. May be involved in the transcriptional activation of genes of the beta-globin cluster by mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region.
Anti-Nrf2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/nrf2-antibody-p-95061
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
May play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. Interacts with a 16-kDa Leu-13 protein to form a complex possibly involved in signal transduction. May act as the viral receptor for HCV.
Anti-CD81 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cd81-antibody-p-95103
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Keratin 19 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins.
Keratin 19 is a type I keratin. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically found in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelops the developing epidermis.
Anti-Cytokeratin 19 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cytokeratin-19-antibody-p-91962
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as histone acetyltransferase and regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Acetylates all four core histones in nucleosomes. Histone acetylation gives an epigenetic tag for transcriptional activation. Mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-122' (H3K122ac), a modification that localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-27' (H3K27ac). Also functions as acetyltransferase for nonhistone targets. Acetylates 'Lys-131' of ALX1 and acts as its coactivator. Acetylates SIRT2 and is proposed to indirectly increase the transcriptional activity of TP53 through acetylation and subsequent attenuation of SIRT2 deacetylase function.
Anti-p300 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p300-antibody-p-99296
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na+ retention, renal K+ elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na+/H+ exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation.
Anti-SGK1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sgk1-antibody-p-94309
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.
Anti-VEGFA -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/vegf-a-antibody
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Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation. Mediates its effects by interactions with a number of other regulators of apoptosis. Isoform 1 inhibits apoptosis. Isoform 2 promotes apoptosis.
Anti-Mcl-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcl-1-antibody-p-
94947
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated.
Anti-Stat1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/stat1-antibody-p-94442
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Transcription activator that binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes. Important for the coordinated up-regulation of genes in response to oxidative stress. May be involved in the transcriptional activation of genes of the beta-globin cluster by mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region.
Anti-Nrf2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/nrf2-antibody-p-95061
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
May play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. Interacts with a 16-kDa Leu-13 protein to form a complex possibly involved in signal transduction. May act as the viral receptor for HCV.
Anti-CD81 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cd81-antibody-p-95103
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Keratin 19 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins.
Keratin 19 is a type I keratin. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically found in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelops the developing epidermis.
Anti-Cytokeratin 19 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cytokeratin-19-antibody-p-91962
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as histone acetyltransferase and regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Acetylates all four core histones in nucleosomes. Histone acetylation gives an epigenetic tag for transcriptional activation. Mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-122' (H3K122ac), a modification that localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-27' (H3K27ac). Also functions as acetyltransferase for nonhistone targets. Acetylates 'Lys-131' of ALX1 and acts as its coactivator. Acetylates SIRT2 and is proposed to indirectly increase the transcriptional activity of TP53 through acetylation and subsequent attenuation of SIRT2 deacetylase function.
Anti-p300 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p300-antibody-p-99296
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na+ retention, renal K+ elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na+/H+ exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation.
Anti-SGK1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sgk1-antibody-p-94309
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.
Anti-VEGFA -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/vegf-a-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h4-antibody-p-92649
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites.
Anti-SDF-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sdf-1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin.
Anti-AMPKα1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ampka1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Protease that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and polyubiquitin chains . Inhibits the degradation of target proteins by the proteasome . Cleaves preferentially 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Has lower activity with 'Lys-11' and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitin chains, and extremely low activity with 'Lys-27', 'Lys-29' and 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains (in vitro) . Plays a role in the regulation of pathways leading to NF-kappa-B activation . Plays a role in the regulation of DNA repair after double-stranded DNA breaks.
Anti-USP11 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/usp11-antibody-p-94739
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components.
Anti-ERα -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/era-antibody-p-92238
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.
Anti-Histone H2A.X -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h2ax-antibody-p-92631
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters . / BIRC2/c-IAP1 stimulates its transcriptional activity.
Anti-E2F-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e2f-1-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein accumulates at the G1-S phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in many tumors, which results in chromosome instability, and thus may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Anti-Cyclin E1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cyclin-e1-antibody-p-91893
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Cyclin A Antibody (STJ...St John's Laboratory Ltd
May be involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and G2/M (mitosis) transitions. May primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle and additionally in the control of mitotic cell cycle in some somatic cells.
Anti-Cyclin A -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cyclin-a-antibody-p-95203
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling. Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-PI 3-kinase p85α/γ -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pi-3-kinase-p85ag-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling . Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85α (Y607) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-pi-3-kinase-p85a-y607-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling . Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-PI 3-kinase p85α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pi-3-kinase-p85a-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
The protein encoded by this gene was originally identified as an ovarian tumor antigen monitored in ovarian cancer. The encoded protein contains a B-box/coiled coil motif, which is present in many genes with transformation potential. This gene is located on a region of chromosome 17q21.1 that is in close proximity to tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.[4] One implied function lies in autophagy, where it acts a cargo receptor in selective autophagy.
Anti-NBR1 - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-nbr1-antibody?filter_name=STJ98902
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to dissociation from the EIF3 complex and activation. The active form then phosphorylates and activates several substrates in the pre-initiation complex, including the EIF2B complex and the cap-binding complex component EIF4B. Also controls translation initiation by phosphorylating a negative regulator of EIF4A, PDCD4, targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis.
Anti-p70 S6 kinase α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-a-antibody-p-99094
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Annexin I Antibody (ST...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response (By similarity). Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors.
Anti-Annexin I - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-annexin-i-antibody?filter_name=STJ98699
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h3-antibody-p-92641
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-Tubulin β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/tubulin-b-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/INOS, and IL12A genes. MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine.
Anti-MyD88 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/myd88-antibody-p-93236
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-NFκB-p105/p50 Antibody...St John's Laboratory Ltd
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity.
Anti-NFκB-p105/p50 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/nfkb-p105p50-antibody-p-93365
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1.
Anti-Phospho-p38 (Y323) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-p38-y323-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to mouse and rat Tuba1 gene. Northern blotting studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells.
Anti-Tubulin α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/tubulin-a-antibody
Independent Antibody Validation For mCherry Tag Monoclonal Antibody (STJ34373)St John's Laboratory Ltd
St John’s Laboratory suppliers a highly photostable mCherry tag antibody, which is resistant to photobleaching. Independent validation reviews provide feedback on real-experimental use:
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29688
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29733
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29708
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcherry-tag-antibody?filter_name=STJ34373
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h4-antibody-p-92649
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites.
Anti-SDF-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sdf-1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin.
Anti-AMPKα1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ampka1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Protease that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and polyubiquitin chains . Inhibits the degradation of target proteins by the proteasome . Cleaves preferentially 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Has lower activity with 'Lys-11' and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitin chains, and extremely low activity with 'Lys-27', 'Lys-29' and 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains (in vitro) . Plays a role in the regulation of pathways leading to NF-kappa-B activation . Plays a role in the regulation of DNA repair after double-stranded DNA breaks.
Anti-USP11 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/usp11-antibody-p-94739
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components.
Anti-ERα -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/era-antibody-p-92238
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.
Anti-Histone H2A.X -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h2ax-antibody-p-92631
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters . / BIRC2/c-IAP1 stimulates its transcriptional activity.
Anti-E2F-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e2f-1-antibody-1
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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein accumulates at the G1-S phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in many tumors, which results in chromosome instability, and thus may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Anti-Cyclin E1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cyclin-e1-antibody-p-91893
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Cyclin A Antibody (STJ...St John's Laboratory Ltd
May be involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and G2/M (mitosis) transitions. May primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle and additionally in the control of mitotic cell cycle in some somatic cells.
Anti-Cyclin A -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cyclin-a-antibody-p-95203
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Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling. Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-PI 3-kinase p85α/γ -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pi-3-kinase-p85ag-antibody
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Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling . Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85α (Y607) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-pi-3-kinase-p85a-y607-antibody
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Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling . Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 in a ER stress-and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement.
Anti-PI 3-kinase p85α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pi-3-kinase-p85a-antibody
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The protein encoded by this gene was originally identified as an ovarian tumor antigen monitored in ovarian cancer. The encoded protein contains a B-box/coiled coil motif, which is present in many genes with transformation potential. This gene is located on a region of chromosome 17q21.1 that is in close proximity to tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.[4] One implied function lies in autophagy, where it acts a cargo receptor in selective autophagy.
Anti-NBR1 - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-nbr1-antibody?filter_name=STJ98902
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to dissociation from the EIF3 complex and activation. The active form then phosphorylates and activates several substrates in the pre-initiation complex, including the EIF2B complex and the cap-binding complex component EIF4B. Also controls translation initiation by phosphorylating a negative regulator of EIF4A, PDCD4, targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis.
Anti-p70 S6 kinase α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-a-antibody-p-99094
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Annexin I Antibody (ST...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response (By similarity). Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors.
Anti-Annexin I - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-annexin-i-antibody?filter_name=STJ98699
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Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h3-antibody-p-92641
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-Tubulin β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/tubulin-b-antibody
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Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/INOS, and IL12A genes. MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine.
Anti-MyD88 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/myd88-antibody-p-93236
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-NFκB-p105/p50 Antibody...St John's Laboratory Ltd
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity.
Anti-NFκB-p105/p50 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/nfkb-p105p50-antibody-p-93365
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1.
Anti-Phospho-p38 (Y323) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-p38-y323-antibody
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Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to mouse and rat Tuba1 gene. Northern blotting studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells.
Anti-Tubulin α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/tubulin-a-antibody
Independent Antibody Validation For mCherry Tag Monoclonal Antibody (STJ34373)St John's Laboratory Ltd
St John’s Laboratory suppliers a highly photostable mCherry tag antibody, which is resistant to photobleaching. Independent validation reviews provide feedback on real-experimental use:
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29688
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29733
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29708
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcherry-tag-antibody?filter_name=STJ34373
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division. In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below). Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin with ~42 kDa. In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature. Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.
Anti-Epsilon Tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/epsilon-tubulin-antibody-2
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Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription.
Anti-IκB-α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ikb-a-antibody
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Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid that carries the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein bound to retinol. This is how transthyretin gained its name: transports thyroxine and retinol. The liver secretes transthyretin into the blood, and the choroid plexus secretes TTR into the cerebrospinal fluid.
TTR was originally called prealbumin(or thyroxine-binding prealbumin) because it ran faster than albumin on electrophoresis gels.
Anti-TTR - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-ttr-antibody?filter_name=STJ98876
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Component of heterochromatin that recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me), leading to epigenetic repression. In contrast, it is excluded from chromatin when 'Tyr-41' of histone H3 is phosphorylated (H3Y41ph). Can interact with lamin-B receptor (LBR). This interaction can contribute to the association of the heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. Involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with MIS12 complex proteins.
Anti-HP-1α - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-hp-1a-antibody?filter_name=STJ98895
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs.
Anti-ERK1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk1-antibody-3
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Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.; Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Anti-CYCS - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-cycs-antibody?filter_name=STJ98953
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Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity.
Anti-MIF -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mif-antibody-p-93124
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Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct association with RARRES3 and MAVS. Also plays a role in translation or delivery of incoming viral RNA to the translation apparatus.
Anti-ATG5 - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-atg5-antibody-p-104935?filter_name=STJ98903
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Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. This includes phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 and release of its inhibition toward the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E).
Anti-mTOR -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mtor-antibody-p-93227
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Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis . The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ . Plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation.
Anti-YAP -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/yap-antibody-p-94815
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May be the important intermediate by which p53/TP53 mediates its role as an inhibitor of cellular proliferation in response to DNA damage. Binds to and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase activity, preventing phosphorylation of critical cyclin-dependent kinase substrates and blocking cell cycle progression. Functions in the nuclear localization and assembly of cyclin D-CDK4 complex and promotes its kinase activity towards RB1. At higher stoichiometric ratios, inhibits the kinase activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex.
Anti-p21 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p21-antibody
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Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors. Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene . May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Binds to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes. Activated by IL31 through IL31RA. Involved in cell cycle regulation by inducing the expression of key genes for the progression from G1 to S phase, such as CCND1 . Mediates the effects of LEP on melanocortin production, body energy homeostasis and lactation (By similarity). May play an apoptotic role by transctivating BIRC5 expression under LEP activation.
Anti-Stat3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/stat3-antibody-p-94446
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Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage.
Anti-Caspase-3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-3-antibody-p-94978
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Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G1/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G1 phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity.
Anti-Cdk4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cdk4-antibody-p-94974
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to dissociation from the EIF3 complex and activation. The active form then phosphorylates and activates several substrates in the pre-initiation complex, including the EIF2B complex and the cap-binding complex component EIF4B. Also controls translation initiation by phosphorylating a negative regulator of EIF4A, PDCD4, targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis.
Anti-p70 S6 kinase α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-a-antibody-p-99095
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to dissociation from the EIF3 complex and activation.
Anti-p70 S6 kinase α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-a-antibody-p-93776
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Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. Positively regulates the transcription of TRIB3, IL6, IL8, IL23, TNFRSF10B/DR5, PPP1R15A/GADD34, BBC3/PUMA, BCL2L11/BIM and ERO1L.
Anti-CHOP -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/chop-antibody-2
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Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G1/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase.
Anti-Cyclin D1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cyclin-d1-antibody-p-91890
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Transcriptional repressor mainly required for germinal center (GC) formation and antibody affinity maturation which has different mechanisms of action specific to the lineage and biological functions. Forms complexes with different corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress the transcriptional expression of different subsets of target genes. Represses its target genes by binding directly to the DNA sequence 5'-TTCCTAGAA-3' (BCL6-binding site) or indirectly by repressing the transcriptional activity of transcription factors. In GC B-cells, represses genes that function in differentiation, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle control, also autoregulates its transcriptional expression and up-regulates, indirectly, the expression of some genes important for GC reactions, such as AICDA, through the repression of microRNAs expression, like miR155.
Anti-Bcl-6 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/bcl-6-antibody-p-95043
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Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis . The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ . Plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation. Acts via ARHGAP18, a Rho GTPase activating protein that suppresses F-actin polymerization . Plays a key role to control cell proliferation in response to cell contact. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS1/2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus to regulate cellular genes important for cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration . The presence of TEAD transcription factors are required for it to stimulate gene expression, cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction . / Isoform 2: Isoform 2 and isoform 3 can activate the C-terminal fragment (CTF) of ERBB4 (isoform 3).
Anti-Phospho-YAP (S127) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-yap-s127-antibody
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Tyrosine phosphorylated upon stimulation with EGF. Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to constitutively activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (By similarity). Activated through tyrosine phosphorylation by BMX. Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL6, IL11, LIF, CNTF, KITLG/SCF, CSF1, EGF, PDGF, IFN-alpha, LEP and OSM. Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Phosphorylated on serine upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Serine phosphorylation is important for the formation of stable DNA-binding STAT3 homodimers and maximal transcriptional activity.
Anti-Phospho-Stat3 (S727) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-stat3-s727-antibody
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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain. Also acts as a ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself and ARRB1. Permits the nuclear export of p53/TP53. Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein. Inhibits DAXX-mediated apoptosis by inducing its ubiquitination and degradation. Component of the TRIM28/KAP1-MDM2-p53/TP53 complex involved in stabilizing p53/TP53. Also component of the TRIM28/KAP1-ERBB4-MDM2 complex which links growth factor and DNA damage response pathways. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of DYRK2 in nucleus. Ubiquitinates IGF1R and SNAI1 and promotes them to proteasomal degradation.
Anti-MDM2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mdm2-antibody-p-94965
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Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type, involved in the IFN-alpha/beta/gamma signal pathway . Kinase partner for the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor. ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate.
Anti-JAK1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/jak1-antibody-p-92863
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Similar to Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Caspase-1 Antibody (STJ98574) (14)
G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI3 in the cilia.
Anti-Smo antibody (STJ95710): http://www.stjohnslabs.com/smo-antibody-p-94371?filter_name=STJ95710
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Western Blot Customer Review Anti Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody (STJ97101)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling . Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity). Has transcriptional activation and repression activity . Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis . Promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis . May act as a tumor suppressor . May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression (By similarity). / Isoform Beta: Acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of isoform Alpha . Has intrinsic transcriptional activity independent of isoform Alpha when both isoforms are coexpressed.
Join our Antibody Validation Project: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Anti glucocorticoid receptor antibody (STJ97101):
http://www.stjohnslabs.com/glucocorticoid-receptor-antibody-p-98736?filter_name=STJ97101
Western Blot Customer Review Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) Antibody (STJ90230)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation.
Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-cofilin-s3-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
This June, Dr. Byron Baron from the University of Malta, Malta, is our Scientist of the Month! He's shared with us his research highlights, his current projects and some comments on the biotechnology industry.
Want to be our Scientist of the Month? Contact info@stjohnslabs.com
Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex.
Anti-WAVE2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/wave2-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature.
Brain, mostly in frontal cortex. Expressed at high level in fetal cerebellum.
Anti-Endophilin I -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/endophilin-i-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-β-tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-98672
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10. May participate in the GZMB apoptotic pathways. Cleaves ADPRT. Hydrolyzes the small-molecule substrate, Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-|-AMC. Likely target for the cowpox virus CRMA death inhibitory protein. Isoform 5, isoform 6, isoform 7 and isoform 8 lack the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex. / Strict requirement for Asp at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of (Leu/Asp/Val)-Glu-Thr-Asp-|-(Gly/Ser/Ala). / Inhibited by the effector protein NleF that is produced by pathogenic E.coli; this inhibits apoptosis.
Anti-Caspase-8-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-8-antibody-p-99045
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome. Pericentriolar matrix component that regulates alpha/beta chain minus-end nucleation, centrosome duplication and spindle formation.
Anti-Gamma Tubulin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/gamma-tubulin-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division. In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below). Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin with ~42 kDa. In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature. Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.
Anti-Epsilon Tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/epsilon-tubulin-antibody-2
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) . Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation .
Anti-LC3A-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lc3a-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. Positively regulates the transcription of TRIB3, IL6, IL8, IL23, TNFRSF10B/DR5, PPP1R15A/GADD34, BBC3/PUMA, BCL2L11/BIM and ERO1L. Negatively regulates; expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG).
Anti-CHOP-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/chop-antibody-2
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Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process. Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. Does not have protein kinase activity.
Anti-phospho-MLKL (S358)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-mlkl-s358-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation.
Anti-ERK1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk1-antibody-3
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development and cephalic closure during embryonic development. Required for normal development of the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract, and for recruitment of mesenchymal cells and normal development of intestinal villi. Plays a role in cell migration and chemotaxis in wound healing. Plays a role in platelet activation, secretion of agonists from platelet granules, and in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Anti-PDGFRα-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pdgfra-antibody-2
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. / Strict requirement for an Asp residue at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-|-. / Specifically inhibited by the cowpox virus Crma protein.
Anti-Caspase-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-1-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release .
Anti-Bcl-2-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/bcl-2-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Alpha-actin-2 also known as actin, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24. Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of myofibroblast formation.
Anti-α-SMA -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/a-sma-antibody-1
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Caspase-1 Antibody (STJ98574)
1. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 98574-a
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ98574
Antibody Name Anti-Caspase-1 antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
lung tissue. 1: Caspase-1 Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
2. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 98574-b
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ98574
Antibody Name Anti-Caspase-1 antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
lung tissue. 1: Caspase-1 Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com