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ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. 1. Which of the following is a principle of growth and development?
- There is an optimal time for initiation of experiences
2. According to freud, the development stage of the school- aged child is termed
- LATENCY STAGE
3. According to erickson’s theory of emotional development , infants will develop a sense of trust
when
- They can predict what is coming and needs are consistently met
4. According to Erickson , the developmental task of the school-aged years is gain a sense of
- Accomplishment
5. This is the attraction of male child to his mother. this called
- Oedipal
6. Which of the following would be most helpful in promoting sense of industry in a scholl age
child?
- Having the child read a book with many short chapters
- Receiving reward for completing task
- Reassuring the child that he is doing something correctly
7. Which of the following is correct regarding physical maturation before puberty?
- Girls are usually taller than boys
8. Peer relationship are important to the school age child. Which of the following is a characteristic
of the 9 year old child?
- Loyalty and affiliation are directed to a same sex peer groups.
9. Which of the following according to freud are correct, select all that apply
- 0-18 months oral
- Latency school age
- 13-21 years old- genital stage
- Anal – 1-3 years
10. Trust vs. mistrust if for infants, initiative vs. guilt for preschool
- false
11. This is a stage where children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self.
- Role identity
12. This refers to the pleasure principle
- id
13. The children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and
other social interaction. What psychosocial stage is being described?
- initiative
14. Which of the following statement is correct?
- Weight is the most sensitive measurement of growth
- Cessation in height is at 17-21 years old
15. If latency and initiative is for school age. Anal and autonomy is for toddler.
- Second statement is correct
16. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, what age does the child concentrates on
“fairness “ or “being good”
-10 year old
17. The concept of permanence is developed by infants. This is the
2. - Ability to know an object out of sight still exists
18. Katrina is 4 months of age. Her mother is singing to her. What type of response should be
expected to karina?
-smiling cooling and bubling
19. You are explaining cognitive changes in toddlers to a group of parents. Which of the following
cognitive changes do not happen in toddlerhood?
- Understanding of morality, right/wrong
20. Cyndy is 15 years old. Marla’s mother tells the nurse that she fears that her daughter will get
into serious trouble soon because she is always “ going for a walk or sitting outside somewhere”
the nurse should respond in which of the following ways to this information?
- Inform the mother that marla is probably all right and seeking the privacy she needs.
21. Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year old child?
- Play- doh
22. Select the faith stage where an individual engages with other faith and tries to incorporate it on
belief.
- Conjunctive faith
23. Which of the following statement is true about infancy in interpersonal theory by Sullivan. Select
all that apply.
- Infant becomes human through tenderness received from mothering one
- Infant’s anxiety is associated with nursing situation and oral zone
- Mother is good when she satisfies the baby’s needs and bad when she stimulates anxiety
- Euphoria helps reduce anxiety for infant feeding process
24. Experiences that can be accurately communicated to others is known as
- Syntaxic level
25. This is considered as the consistent pattern of behavior that may serve as a coping mechanism
- self system
26. Freud’s psychosexual theory of development proposes that children progress through stages
with accompanying observations and expected task. In which psychosexual stage does a child’s
sexual interest begin?
- Phallic
27. Knowledge of erickson’s psychosocial stages can assist clients to fulfill their task and move on to
a higher developmental level. The nurse should consider that nursing interventions for 47 oolers
should focus on providing them with opportunities for
- Learning and exploration
28. In which particular stage in erickson’s theory does an individual begin to develop one’s sense of
purpose?
- Preschool
29. A 47-year-old woman expresses dismay to the nurse that her young adult children are
unemployed. Her husband is working and near retirement. She is not working and feels bored
with her life and uneeded.
- Generativity vs. stagnation
30. A security operation that you ignore, avoid or refuse to see is dissociation
- False
31. It is a potential action that may or may not be experienced in awareness.
3. - Tension
32. A disjunctive dynamism of evil and hatred that depicts by the feeling of living one’s enemies.
-malevolence
33. It is the most basic interpersonal need
- tenderness
34. according to piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what age does the child develops
magical thinking?
- Preschooler
35. This is a sign in spiritual development where the child understand god in physical form
- Mythic –literal
36. They believe what everyone else believes
-synthetic –conventional
37. the child’s faith development relies on the goodness of the world
- primal undifferentiated
38. Experiences that are pre logical and usually result of assume cause and effect of 2 events that
occur coincidentally
- parataxic
39. a period when an individual establish one significant relationship to one person
- adulthood
40. An interpersonal stage wherein the child learns to complete, compromise and cooperate and
the need for peer of equal status.
- Juvenile era
6. 1902 - 1996
Erik Erikson stresses the importance of culture and society in the
development of personality. A person's social view of self is more
important than instinctual drives in determining behavior, allowing for
a more optimistic view of possibilities for human growth. He describes
the 8 developmental stages covering the entire life span, affected by
conflict.
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
Task: Attachment to the mother/ caregiver To develop a
basic trust in the mothering figure and to generalize it
to others. Child learns to love and be loved.
NURSING IMPLICATION
Provide a primary caregiver. Provide experiences
that add to security. Provide visual stimulation for
active child involvement.
8. AUTONOMY VS.SHAME AND DOUBT
TODDLER
(18 months to 3 years)
Task: develop a sense of personal
control over physical skills and a sense
of
independence
The child learns to be
independent and make
decisions for themself.
If with less autonomy, they can be
disabled in their attempts to achieve
independence and may lack confidence
in their abilities to achieve well into
adolescence and adulthood
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Provide opportunities for independent
decision-making, such as choosing their
own clothes, deciding what they will eat.
While this can often be frustrating for
parents and caregivers, it is an
important part of
developing a sense of self control and
personal autonomy Praise for the ability
to make decisions rather than judging
the correctness of any one decision.
9. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
Task: Become purposeful and directive The child learns how
to do things like basic problem solving and doing that things
is desirable
Those who do not develop initiative may later have limited
brainstorming and problem solving skills, they wait for clues
or guidance from others before acting
NURSING IMPLICATION
Provide opportunities for exploring new places or activities.
Allow free-from play.
PRE-SCHOOLER (3-6 years
old)
INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
10. Task: Develop physical, social,
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
and learning skillsProvide opportunities such
SCHOOL-AGE CHILD (6-12
years old)
To achieve a sense of self confidence by
learning, competing, performing
successfully, and receiving recognition from
significant others, peers, acquaintances,
learn how to do things well. Children who
are encouraged by parents and teachers
develop a feeling of
competence and belief in their skills.
as allowing the child to assemble and
complete a short project.
Parents can help develop a sense of
realistic
competence by avoiding excessive praise
and
rewards, encouraging efforts rather than
outcomes, and helping kids develop a
growth mindset.
IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION
Task: Develop a sense of self and personal identity
11. Learns who they are and what kind of person they will be by
adjusting to new body image, seeking emancipation from
parents, choosing a vocation, and determining value system.
As they transition from childhood to adulthood teens may begin
to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit
into the society.
NURSING IMPLICATION
Provide opportunities for an adolescent to discuss feelings
about events important to him or her.
Offer support in decision making.
ADOLESCENT
(12-18 years old)
INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION
12. YOUNG ADULTHOOD (18-25
years old)
Task: To form an intimate, loving
relationship with other people
Establishing relationships and/ or looking for
a partner The major conflict at this stage of
life centers on forming intimate, loving
relationships with other people. Success at
this stage leads to fulfilling
relationships. Struggling at this stage, on the
other hand, can result in feelings of
loneliness and isolation.
IMPLICATIONS
(+) there is the capacity for mutual love and
respect
between two people and the ability of an
individual to pledge a total commitment to
another.
(-) there will be withdrawal, social isolation,
and
loneliness; unable to form a lasting
relationship, no career is established;
history of occupational
changes.
GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION
13. Task: Achieve life goals and create positive change for the
benefit of others
Extend their concern from just themselves and their families to
the community.
IMPLICATIONS
(+) sense of gratification from personal and professional
achievements and from meaningful contributions to others;
active in the service of society.
(-) lack of concern for the welfare of others and total
preoccupation with self, withdrawn, isolated, and highly
indulgent, with no capacity of giving self to others;
unproductive, uninvolved in the world.
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40-65
years old)
14. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR
Task: Reflection on Life
with integrity, there is the good feeling about life
choices they have made.
With despair, there is the feeling that if life could
begin over again, things could turn out differently.
A sense of integrity is helpful in grandparents who
provides childcare, as it helps children develop a
sense of trust and learn initiative
OLDER ADULT
(65+ years old)
18. DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS?
Freud’s search for the answers to this led him to...
The discovery that the clues to understanding the
uniqueness of an individuals personality are found
in infancy and childhood.
The personality that you live with today, the one that
charms in order to get you dates, makes lists and
never gets anything done, makes sure that your
locker is not a mess was molded in your earliest days.
According to Freud you were a final product
by the time you hit puberty.
19. According to Freud your unique character and
quirks are the products of how your personality
develops during childhood.
As a child and even as a teenager, you go
through a series of stages in which you
grow and mature.
FREUD’S
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
21. 4S
tag
e
5Stage
LATENT STAGE
6 years to puberty
GENITAL STAGE Puberty to adult
SIGMUND FREUD
An Austrian neurologist and the Father of Psychoanalysis
Personality is mostly established by the age of
22. five. Early experiences play a large role in
personality development and continue to influence
behavior later in life.
SIGMUND
FREUD
(1856-1939)
- Sigmund Freud.
SIGMUND FREUD
Freud believed that personality develops through a
series of childhood stages during which the
pleasure-seeking energies of the Id become focused
on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual
23. energy, or libido (sex drive), was described as the
driving force behind behavior.
PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the
psychoanalytic sexual drive theory. Freud believed that personality developed
through a series of childhood stages in which pleasure seeking energies from
the id became focused on certain erogenous areas.
EROGENOUS
24. ZONES
Erogenous zones are part of the body that
have especially strong pleasure-giving
qualities at particular stages of development.
For example breast, lips and buttocks.
FIXATION
Fixation is an obsessive drive that may or may not be
acted on involving an object, concept, or person. This is
the psychoanalytic defense mechanism that occurs when
25. the individual remains locked in an earlier developmental
stage because needs are under-gratified or over-ratified.
For example, individuals with oral fixations may have
problems with drinking, smoking, eating, or nail-biting.
STAGES
OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
ORAL STAGE
Birth to 1 year
26. The libido in a baby's mouth is focused in the first stage of psychosexual development.
Putting all sorts of items in the mouth to fulfill the libido and hence the id needs gives the infant
a lot of pleasure throughout the oral phases. Which are oral, or mouth oriented, at this period
of life, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.
Oral stimulation, according to Freud, might lead to oral fixation later in life. Nail-biters,
finger-chewers, and thumb suckers are all examples of oral personalities. Such oral
behaviors are common with oral personalities, especially when they are stressed.
30. stage of psychosexual development, and the infant takes great pleasure from defecating.
The child is now fully aware that they are individuals in their own right, and that their desires
may conflict with those of the surrounding environment (i.e., their ego has developed).
This form of tension, according to Freud, usually comes to a head during toilet training, when
parents place limitations on when and where a kid can defecate. The child's future connection
with all types of authority is influenced by the character of this initial conflict with authority.
ANAL STAGE
1-3 years
Early or harsh toilet training can cause a kid to have an
32. anal-retentive mentality that dislikes mess, is meticulously clean, punctual, and respectful
of authority. They might be arrogant and tight with their money and goods.
PHALLIC STAGE
3-6 years
The phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, lasting from three to six
years, during which the infant's libido (desire) is focused on the arousing zone of their
genitalia.
The infant becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which puts in motion the Oedipus
complex (in males) and the Electra complex (in girls) conflict between sensual desire,
resentment, competition, jealously, and terror (in girls). This is solved through the
identification process, which involves the child adopting the same-sex parent's traits.
34. PHALLIC STAGE
3-6 years
ELECTRA COMPLEX OEDIPUS COMPLEX
- Occur in girls.
- The girl desires the father but realizes that she
does not have a penis. This leads to the development
of penis envy and the wish to be a boy.
- The girl resolves this by repressing her desire for her
father and substituting the wish for a penis with the
wish for a baby. The girl blames her mother for her
'castrated state,' and this creates great tension.
- The girl then represses her feelings
(to remove the tension) and identifies
with the mother to take on the
female gender role.
- Occurs in boys.
- Desire for stimulation or masturbation of his own
genitals.
- Have sexual desires for his mother.
Freud also believed that boys begin to view their fathers
as a rival for the mother’s affections. The Oedipus
complex describes these feelings of wanting to possess
the mother and the
desire to replace the father. However, the
child also fears that he will be punished by the
father for these feelings, a fear Freud termed
castration anxiety.
35. LATENT STAGE
6 years to puberty
The fourth stage of psychosexual development is latency,
37. which lasts six years until puberty. At this moment, the libido is dormant, and no further
psychosexual development occurs (latent means hidden).
Most sexual desires are repressed during the latent stage, according to Freud, sexual
energy can be channeled towards schoolwork, hobbies, and friendships.
Much of the child's energy is directed into learning new skills and expanding his or her
knowledge, and play is limited to children of the same gender.
GENITAL STAGE
Puberty to adult
The genital stage, which begins at puberty, is the final step in Freud's psychosexual theory of
personality development. It's a period of adolescent sexual exploration, with the successful
ending being settling down in a loving one-on-one relationship with another person in
our twenties.
38. Unlike during the phallic stage, the sexual urge is geared toward heterosexual pleasure
rather than self-pleasure. Adults' sexual instincts should be expressed through heterosexual
intercourse, according to Freud.
40. GENITAL STAGE
Puberty to adult
Fixation and conflict may impede this, resulting in the development of sexual desires.
Fixation during the oral stage, for example, may lead to a person preferring kissing and
oral sex over sexual intercourse as a source of sexual pleasure.
42. QUICK RECAP
THANK YOU!
GROUP 1
BSN II - Paterson
CAMAT, John Carlo
RAMIREZ, Aironne
Jules BAUTISTA, Emma
FONTANILLA, Irish Nicole
MILO, Niña
43. PARAGUAS, Rhea Maica
TAGUIAM, Jazreel
YLLERA, Maria Isabella
REFERENCES:
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of development. (n.d.). Birdvilleschools. Retrieved from
http://www.birdvilleschools.net/cms/lib2/TX01000797/Centricity/Domain/5123/Freud.ppt
Mcleod, S. (2019). Psychosexual Stages. Simplypsychology. Retrieved
from https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html?
fbclid=IwAR3qGliPhtlqec0AHa2JjYCENxp-RXqFqOQa4ocsSonO0AhXLkNFRytsBE4
Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Psychosexual development. Wikipedia. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosexual_development#:%7E:text=In%20Freudian%2
0 psychology%2C%20psychosexual%20development,focused%20on%20certain%20
erogenous%20areas.
44. REFERENCES:
MasterClass Staff. (n.d.). How to Identify and Stimulate the 14 Erogenous Zones.
Masterclass. Retrieved from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/erogenous-zones-guide
How Do Psychological Fixations Form? (2021). Verywell Mind. Retrieved
from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-fixation-2795188
Sareen, A. (n.d.). Psychosexual development. Slideshare. Retrieved
from
https://www.slideshare.net/AartiSareen/psychosexual-developmen
t
Cherry, K. (2020). What Are Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development? Verywell
Mind. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual
47. 1. Growth- quantitative
a. Weight
b. Height
Rates of Growth :
infancy and adolescence : fast growth periods
toodler thru schoolage: slow growth periods
fetal and infancy : the head and neurologic tissues
grow faster than other tissues
toddler and preschool : the trunk grows more rapid
than other tissues
school age : the limbs grow most
adolescence : the trunk grows faster than other
tissues
48. 2. DEVELOPMENT- qualitative
a. Aspects of Development
Cognitive development
Personal-social-adaptive development
Motor development
Emotional development
Gross motor
Spiritual development
50. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
P-Proximal to distal body parts(hands and arms)
R-Rates of growth and development stages differ
among children
I- In an orderly sequence (growth- one sequence; dev’t- predictable order)
N-Neonatal reflexes must be lost before development
can proceed
C-continous process from conception until death (new cells
and learning new skills)
I-initiation of learning experiences ( control of distal body parts,
opportunities)
P-Proceeds from gross to refined skills
L-Learned skills and behavior by practice
E- establish cephalocaudal
S- system do not develop at the same time
51. 7 FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT
Genetics
Gender
Health
Intelligence
Temperaments
Environment
a. Socioeconomic level
b.Parent-child relationship – quality time spent
and not the amount of time
c.Ordinal position in the family
Nutrition
52. BASIC DIVISION OF CHILDHOOD
Neonate – 1st
28 days of life
Infant – 1 mos to 1 yr
Toddler – 1 to 3 yrs
Preschooler – 3 to 5 yrs
School-age – 6 to 12 yrs
Adolescent – 13 to 20yrs
53. THEORIES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
1. Freud – psychosexual
2. Erickson – psychosocial
3. Piaget- Cognitive
4. Kohlberg - Moral
5. Sullivan – Interpersonal
6. Fowlers- Spiritual
