The document outlines various methods for identifying definitions and meanings of terminology in texts, including the use of punctuation like commas and parentheses, as well as the concept of synonyms and antonyms. It highlights different grammatical structures such as relative clauses and provides examples of how these concepts apply to various political ideologies and cultural differences. Overall, it serves as a guide for understanding and analyzing language within specific contexts.

1. Identifying Definitions

2. Identifying Definitions
• Finding meanings and definitions of terminology in the text:
• Commas
• Parentheses
• Dashes
• Relative clauses
• Synonyms
• The second sentence
• Markers; that’s, which means, it means, …
• Antonyms

3. Commas
• A word, definition, remaining part of the sentence.
• Liberalism, a western theory of freedom, has no place in our society.
• A word, definition.
• Our scholars don’t know democracy, government of people by people.

4. Parentheses ()
• Average people love being in mediocrity (neither high level nor low
level).

5. Dashes –
• Ashraf Ghani – the former president of Afghanistan – lives in UAE.
• We don’t want secularism – the ideology of separating religion and
politics.

6. Relative Clauses
• They fought for communism which is a rejected ideology in Islam.

7. Synonym: a similar word with similar
functions
• People’s ideas vary, differ, in different cultures.

8. The second sentence
• The most difficult part of grammar for me was parts of speech. They
are the classes of words.

9. Markers
• Means
• Is
• Define
• ; that’s, …
• You can take the test as many times as you wish; that’s, you are free to take it
several times.

10. Antonyms
• The negroes, unlike the white people, are strong people.