The document outlines two systems of linear measurement: the metric system and the English system, detailing their units and conversion factors. It emphasizes the transition to metric units due to the 'presidential decree metrication' and highlights the advantages of the metric system in accuracy and convenience. Additionally, it includes definitions of mathematical terms relevant to measuring and calculation processes.

1. IDENTIFYING SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
II. Metric System of Linear Measure
In this system of measurement, a linear quantity may be expressed in
millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), meter (m), decimeter (dm), kilometer (km),
dekameter (dam).
A system measurement is a set of standard units which is acceptable
internationally, and which is used to express the magnitudes of the various
physical quantities, like length and width of fabric ( linear measure ).
I. English System of Linear Measure
A linear quantity may be expressed in terms of inches, foot
and yard.
Equivalent Denomination:
1 yard = 3 feet
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 36 inches
1 mile = 1760 yard
1 mile = 5280 feet
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

2. IDENTIFYING SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
III Conversion of English to Metric Linear Measure
In the advent of the newly released “Presidential Decree Metrication” all
measurements must be expressed in terms of metric units. But since most of our
present production machines come from America which traditionally uses the
English system, then it becomes necessary for us to be able to change from English
to Metric and vice versa.
The basic advantage of this system over the previous one, is that it is more
accurate and convenient to use because the denomination are multiples of ten with
respect to the meter.
Equivalent Denominations:
1 meter = 100 cm
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 10 dm
1 dam = 10 m
1 km = 1000 m

3. IDENTIFYING SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
Conversion Factor:
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1.09 yard = 1 m
3.28 ft = 1 m
1 mile = 1.609 km
1 m = 39.37 in
1 km = 0.62137 mi
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

4. GRADUATION ON A RULE
INCHES
HALVES
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

5. GRADUATION ON A RULE
QUARTHERS OR FOURTHS
EIGHTHS

6. GRADUATION ON A RULE
SIXTEENTHS
THIRTY-SECONDS
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

7. GRADUATION ON A RULE
READING FOURTHS ON A RULE

8. GRADUATION ON A RULE
READING EIGHTHS ON A RULE

9. GRADUATION ON A RULE
READING SIXTEENTHS ON A RULE

10. GRADUATION ON A RULE
READING DECIMAL INCHES
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

11. GRADUATION ON A RULE
READING MEASUREMENTS ON A METRIC RULE
Metric Rule with 1-mm and 0.5-mm graduations
1. Read the measurement to reference point A.
The measurement to reference point A is 10 mm plus 5 mm
A = 10 mm + 5 mm = 15 mm
2. Read the measurement to reference point B.
The measurement to reference point B is 1 mm less than 40 mm
B = 40 mm - 1 mm = 39 mm
3. Read the measurement to reference point C.
The measurement to reference point C is 60 mm plus two 1 mm plus one
0.5-mm garduation.
C = 60 mm + 2 mm + 0.5 mm = 62.5 mm

12. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MATH AND MEASURING
1. Whole number (integer) –any of the natural numbers, both positive and negative,
that represents a complete item.
Example: 25 is a whole number as opposed to ¾, a fraction or a part of a whole.
2. Digit – any of the ten symbols, 0 to 9, by which all numbers can be expressed.
3. Fraction –part of a whole; represents one or more equal parts of a unit.
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
= 3/8
4. Decimal –fraction with an unwritten denominator of ten or some power of 10;
indicated with a point before the number.
Examples: 0.1 = 1/10, 0.06 = 6/100, 0.003 =3/1000
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist

13. 5. Addition –process of totaling two or more numbers to find another number called sum.
Example: 3+5+9 = 17
6. Subtraction –opposite operation to addition.
Example: 8-4 = 4 as opposed to 4+4 =8
7. Multiplication –abbreviated process of adding a number to itself a specified
number of times.
Example: 6x3 =18 as opposed to 6+6+6 =18
8. Division –abbreviated operation of multiplication.
Example: 16/2 =8 as opposed to 8x2 =16
9. Ratio –relationship in quantity, amount, or size between two or more things.
10. Percent –one part in a hundred, reckoned on the basis of a whole divided into
one hundred parts
11. Proportional –being ralatively equal in size or quantity.
Example: 1:1:3 =0.5:0.5:1.5
12. Meter –metric unit used to measure length
Prepared by:
JOVENCIO F. PANIDA
Sr. TESD Specialist