This paper highlights a unit from the "Essentials of System Analysis and Design" - published by Pearson.

1. GROUP MEMBERS:
1.Munezero Blandine 221025676
2.IRADUKUNDA Jean De Dieu 221024280
3.IRADUKUNDA Aline 221018616
4.BUTERA Herve 221011578
5.UWIMANA Aline 221008389
6.UMUBYEYI Esperance 221020114
7.UWASE Marie Claire 221021988
8.SIBO CYUBAHIRO Kenny Evrard 221024471

2. Designing the Human
Interface
By group 7

3. Course objectives:
• Explain the process of designing forms and reports and
deliverables for their creation.
• Apply general guidelines for formatting forms and report
• Explain the process of designing interfaces and dialogues
and deliverables for their creation

4. Course objectives:
• Design human computer dialogues including the use of
dialogue diagramming
• Discuss interface design guidelines unique to the design
of Internet-based electronic commerce systems

5. Introduction
In the system design phase, there is designing the human
interface and the databases. We are going to look at the
guidelines to follow when designing the human computer
interface.
To begin with, we will describe the process of designing
forms and Reports and provide guidance on the deliverables
produced during this process.

6. Designing Forms and Reports
A form:
A business document that contains some predefined data
and may include some areas where additional data are to
be filled in; typically based on one data base record.
A report:
A business document that contains only predefined data;
it’s a passive document used only for reading or viewing;
typically contains data from many unrelated record or
transaction.

7. The Process of Designing Forms and
Reports
Designing forms and reports is a user focused activity and
follows a prototyping approach.
During this process, questions; Who, Where, What, When
and How should be answered:
• Who will use the form and report?
• What is the purpose of the form or report?
• When is the form and report needed and used?

8. • Where does the form or report need to be delivered
and used?
• How many people needed to use or view the form or
report?

9. Deliverables and Outcomes
In the case of designing forms and reports, design
specifications are the major deliverables and are inputs to
the system implementation and operation phase.
Design specifications have three sections:
• Narrative overview
• Sample Design
• Testing and Usability assessment

10. Formatting Forms and Reports
Guidelines for Designing Forms and Reports:
• Use meaningful titles
• Include meaningful information
• Design an easy navigation system
Forms and Reports are created through a prototyping
process. Created designs may be stand-alone/ integrated
into actual working systems.

11. The Purpose of the prototyping process:
• It shows users what a form or a report will look like
when the system is implemented.
• The outcome of this activity is the creation of a
specification document.
• Performance testing and usability assessments may
also be included in the design specification.

12. SYSTEMS DESIGN LIFE CYLE

13. Guidelines for designing forms
and reports
The following are guidelines for designing forms and
reports:
• Use meaningful titles
• Include meaningful information
• Balance the layout
• Design an easy navigation
• Clearly show how to move forward and backward

14. NB: The diagram below shows poor design and good design.

15. Highlighting Information:
Highlighting can be a valuable technique for conveying
special information:
• Notifying users of errors in data entry or processing.
• Providing warnings to users regarding possible problems,
such as unusual data values or an unavailable device
• Drawing attention to keywords, commands, high-priority
messages, and data that have changed or gone outside
normal operating ranges.

16. • Blinking and audible tones
• Color differences
• Intensity differences
• Size differences
• Font differences
Methods of Highlighting

17. Methods of Highlighting
• Reverse video
• Boxing
• Underlining
• All capital letters
• Offsetting the position of non-standard information

18. Designing interfaces and
dialogues.
Designing interfaces
When designing interfaces, one has to consider the
guidelines for structuring data-entry fields, providing
feedback and designing online help.
An effective interface design requires a thorough
understanding of the following concepts.

19. 1. Designing layouts
When designing lay-outs you should consider :
• Using standard formats for computer-based forms similar to
paper-based forms.
• The design of between-field navigation
• Grouping data fields into logical categories that are labeled
• Consistency and flexibility

20. 2. Structuring data entry
Guidelines to be considered when structuring data-entry
fields.
• Never request data that are already online or that can be
computed.
• Always provide default values when appropriate.
• Make clear the type of data units requested for entry.
• Use character replacement when appropriate.

21. More guidelines to consider when structuring data entry fields.
• Always place a caption adjacent to fields.
• Provide formatting examples when appropriate.
• Automatically justify data entries.
• Provide context-sensitive help when appropriate.

22. 3. Controlling data input
One of the objectives of interface design is reducing data-
entry errors.
Types of data errors
• Appending
• Truncating
• Transcripting
• Transposing

23. 4. Providing feedback
When designing system interfaces, providing feedback
makes a user’s interaction more enjoyable.
The 3 types of system feedback:
• Status information
• Prompting cues
• Error and warning messages

24. 5. Providing help
When designing help, you need to put yourself in the user’s
place.
Guidelines for designing system help:
• Simplify
• Organize
• Show

25. Designing human computer
dialogue
Dialogue is a sequence of interaction between a
user and system.
Human computer dialogue is a conversation agent.
Designing dialogue is a process of designing
sequence that user follow to interact with a
system.

26. Guidelines for designing the
human computer dialogue
• Shortcut and sequence
• Feedback
• Error handling
• Ease
• closure

27. Steps for designing the dialogue:
Designing the dialogue has three steps, namely:
• Designing the dialogue sequence
• Building prototype
• Assessing usability

28. General Guidelines for
Designing web interfaces
Web’s single “click to start”method of loading static
hypertext documents(ie. most buttons on the web
do not provide click feedback)
Limited capabilities of most web browsers to
support finely grained user interactivity
Limited agreed_upon standards for encoding
web content and control mechanisms
Lack of maturity of web scripting and programming
languages as well as limitations in commonly used web GUI component
libraries

29. Common errors when designing
the interface and dialogues of web
sites
Opening new browser window
Breaking or slowing down the back button
Complex URLS
Scrolling navigation pages
Lack of navigation support
Hidden links
Links that don’t provide enough information
Buttons that provide no click feedback

30. Interface design guidelines for
electronic commerce systems
Menu-driven navigation with cookie crumbs
Light weight graphics
Forms and data integrity rules
Template-based HTML

31. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION