Huile de palme : une solution alimentaire & economique durable
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This document discusses palm oil production and consumption globally. It notes that palm oil has the highest yield of any oilseed, requiring less land than other vegetable oils. The top palm oil producing countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, have over half of global production and most of the world's forests. Palm oil is used primarily for food but also has potential as a biofuel.
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O’Regan said the clean-burning fuel could provide up to 30 per cent of Canada’s energy needs by 2050. He said it could be an industry worth $50 billion and could provide 350,000 jobs.
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/federal-plan-is-to-increase-hydrogen-use-and-focus-on-regional-hubs-265260/
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• Hydrogen can also be produced using electricity , through electrolysis of water. An electric current is used to split water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). This method is not as cost-effective as using fossil fuels. Hydrogen produced by steam methane reforming costs around €1.5 per kilogram at the plant gate (excluding distribution costs), triple the cost of natural gas. Hydrogen produced using electrolysis is currently around four times more expensive, even before the cost of the electricity required is factored in.
https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/close/hydrogen-production
Risks
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2. Our understanding so far suggests that if a hydrogen economy replaced the fossil fuel-based energy system and had a leakage rate of 1%, its climate impact would be 0.6% of the fossil fuel system. But we need to better understand the hydrogen cycle, such as how land surfaces absorb hydrogen. In the meantime, we must try to minimise leakage of hydrogen in production, storage and use. Source https://theconversation.com/dont-rush-into-a-hydrogen-economy-until-we-know-all-the-risks-to-our-climate-140433
3. Repurposing infrastructure - https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/news/magazine/2020/repurposing-natural-gas-infrastructure-for-hydrogen.html
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1. Public safety - https://www.firerescue1.com/firefighter-safety/articles/3-trends-that-are-changing-the-fire-environment-14YPMo2ksVlCbYNL/
2. Hydrogen storage - https://www.cnl.ca/cnl-achieves-breakthrough-in-hydrogen-storage-technology/
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4. Production system - https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/hydrogen-production-and-uses.aspx
5. Hydrogen sources - https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/10/20211011-repsol.html
6. Refining the hydrogen production process to be better for the environment - https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/can-we-make-blue-hydrogen-greener
7. Risks - https://www.upstreamonline.com/hydrogen/hydrogen-success-must-overcome-transportation-challenges/2-1-1067911
8. New Mexico - https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-new-mexico-hydrogen-fuel-environment-2a08b17764f1e4d143b7e3b87d39b937
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10. Startups - https://www.energystartups.org/top/hydrogen-fuel/
11. Shipping - https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/sea-kit-wins-funding-to-demonstrate-zero-emission-hydrogen-fuel-cell-technology-for-usvs/
12. Compressed hydrogen - https://techinvest.online/gev-hits-approval-milestone-for-innovative-compressed-hydrogen-ship/
13. Hydrogen fuel cells - https://industryeurope.com/sectors/transportation/teco-2030-to-build-norways-first-hydrogen-fuel-cell-plant/
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10. Mitigating global geopolitical issues - https://investors-corner.bnpparibas-am.com/investing/rare-earth-metals-how-to-limit-the-impact-of-the-clean-energy-transition/
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability involves avoiding the depletion of natural resources to maintain ecological balance. It includes efforts to protect areas like the Great Barrier Reef from threats such as crown-of-thorns starfish and promoting conservation of species native to Australia like bilbies, platypuses, and wombats. Green architecture also plays a role through designs that reduce environmental impact and create more sustainable buildings and neighborhoods.
Electrical Vehicles and their Adoption - January 2022
Summary:
Electrical vehicles continue to expand their market presence. There are still significant challenges with adoption including access to plug-in stations, cost of charging the battery, cost to mine/refine/fabricate ion batteries is very taxing on the environment.
Governments around the world will also need to address the loss revenue from fuel taxes by looking at new model for electrical vehicles including plug-in station charge tax, mileage tax (km or mile driven), registration tax, environmental taxes, and other taxes.
Government should also re-look at its tax incentive systems, especially as many governments are struggling with both debt and deficits.
1. Blinded costs - https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/the-blinded-costs-behind-evs-and-why-they-arent-really-saving-the-planet-after-all-e2ccaffe3eaf
2. New fuel standards - https://www.planetizen.com/news/2022/01/115722-emissions-benefits-biden-administrations-new-tailpipe-emissions-rules
3. Gasoline - https://www.kbb.com/car-news/hyundai-wont-design-any-more-gasoline-engines/
4. China and AQI - https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/beijing-meets-state-air-quality-standards-first-time-2021-2022-01-04/
5. Battery and gas tax - https://driving.ca/column/motor-mouth/motor-mouth-gas-prices-and-ev-battery-costs-can-only-go-up-from-here
6. Gas taxes - https://bangordailynews.com/2021/12/14/opinion/talk-of-suspending-the-federal-gas-tax-should-be-a-road-to-nowhere/
7. Alternative to gas taxes - https://www.vnews.com/How-to-replace-revenue-as-electric-vehicles-gain-currency-44334691
8. Plug-in stations - https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1134568_here-s-why-ev-charging-stations-might-not-be-as-convenient-as-gas-stations-anytime-soon
9. Critical metals - https://www.nxtmine.com/news/articles/articles/tsxv-ucu-top-rare-earth-stocks-to-consider-heading-into-new-year-2022/
10. Affordability - https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/29/electric-vehicles-are-becoming-more-affordable-amid-spiking-gas-prices.html
11. Rich - https://www.cpr.org/2021/12/31/in-colorado-electric-cars-are-mostly-for-rich-people/
12. New Vehicles - https://www.wired.com/story/18-best-evs-coming-in-2022/
The future of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is considered a likely way to decarbonize industries that are hard to electrify, such as heavy transport or machinery.
O’Regan said the clean-burning fuel could provide up to 30 per cent of Canada’s energy needs by 2050. He said it could be an industry worth $50 billion and could provide 350,000 jobs.
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/federal-plan-is-to-increase-hydrogen-use-and-focus-on-regional-hubs-265260/
Production:
Today, 95% of hydrogen is produced either from wood or from fossil fuels, such as natural gas and oil. Three types of production process are currently in use:
• The most common hydrogen production process is natural gas reforming — sometimes called steam methane reforming because it uses high-temperature steam. When exposed to steam and heat , the carbon (C) atoms of methane (CH4) separate. After two successive reactions, they reform separately to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide (co₂) ). This operation therefore requires natural gas.
• Another process is charcoal gasification1. Charcoal consists mainly of carbon and water. Burned in a reactor at a very high temperature of between 1,200 and 1,500 °C, the charcoal releases gas that separates and reforms to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).
• Hydrogen can also be produced using electricity , through electrolysis of water. An electric current is used to split water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). This method is not as cost-effective as using fossil fuels. Hydrogen produced by steam methane reforming costs around €1.5 per kilogram at the plant gate (excluding distribution costs), triple the cost of natural gas. Hydrogen produced using electrolysis is currently around four times more expensive, even before the cost of the electricity required is factored in.
https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/close/hydrogen-production
Risks
1. In the atmosphere, ozone and water vapour react with sunlight to produce what are known as hydroxyl radicals. These powerful oxidants react with and help remove other chemicals released into the atmosphere via natural and human processes, such as burning fossil fuels. One of these chemicals is methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
2. Our understanding so far suggests that if a hydrogen economy replaced the fossil fuel-based energy system and had a leakage rate of 1%, its climate impact would be 0.6% of the fossil fuel system. But we need to better understand the hydrogen cycle, such as how land surfaces absorb hydrogen. In the meantime, we must try to minimise leakage of hydrogen in production, storage and use. Source https://theconversation.com/dont-rush-into-a-hydrogen-economy-until-we-know-all-the-risks-to-our-climate-140433
3. Repurposing infrastructure - https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/news/magazine/2020/repurposing-natural-gas-infrastructure-for-hydrogen.html
The future of Hydrogen - October 2021
1. Public safety - https://www.firerescue1.com/firefighter-safety/articles/3-trends-that-are-changing-the-fire-environment-14YPMo2ksVlCbYNL/
2. Hydrogen storage - https://www.cnl.ca/cnl-achieves-breakthrough-in-hydrogen-storage-technology/
3. Refueling stations - https://www.engadget.com/nikola-opel-fuels-memorandum-of-understanding-193014935.html
4. Production system - https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/hydrogen-production-and-uses.aspx
5. Hydrogen sources - https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/10/20211011-repsol.html
6. Refining the hydrogen production process to be better for the environment - https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/can-we-make-blue-hydrogen-greener
7. Risks - https://www.upstreamonline.com/hydrogen/hydrogen-success-must-overcome-transportation-challenges/2-1-1067911
8. New Mexico - https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-new-mexico-hydrogen-fuel-environment-2a08b17764f1e4d143b7e3b87d39b937
9. Subsidies - https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/gal-n-a-european-green-hydrogen-boom-will-not-happen-without-urgent-financial-support/2-1-1075040
10. Startups - https://www.energystartups.org/top/hydrogen-fuel/
11. Shipping - https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/sea-kit-wins-funding-to-demonstrate-zero-emission-hydrogen-fuel-cell-technology-for-usvs/
12. Compressed hydrogen - https://techinvest.online/gev-hits-approval-milestone-for-innovative-compressed-hydrogen-ship/
13. Hydrogen fuel cells - https://industryeurope.com/sectors/transportation/teco-2030-to-build-norways-first-hydrogen-fuel-cell-plant/
How to mitigate the impacts of Climate Change.pptx
This presentation discuss different areas of policy as part of better mitigation and risk management policies related to climate change
Health10_National Environmental Awareness and Education of 2008
Here are some suggestions on how to address environmental issues in the Philippines:
1. The top three environmental problems are air pollution, waste management/plastic pollution, and deforestation/loss of watersheds.
2. The President can pass stronger environmental laws and allocate more budget for enforcement. Senators can craft bipartisan legislation. Mayors can implement local anti-pollution ordinances. Barangay captains can organize cleanups. Residents can practice reduce, reuse, recycle. Teenagers can educate others and volunteer for green groups.
3. Promote public transport, bike-sharing, and electric vehicles. Enforce emission tests. Plant more trees along roads.
4. My first project would be
side event COP21
The document summarizes a presentation by the Gulf Cooperation Council showcasing regional climate adaptation efforts in habitat and water conservation, marine protection, and urban planning. It discusses challenges like droughts and overgrazing, and conservation projects in Saudi Arabia. It also outlines carbon sequestration in mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes, as well as a company's climate risk management matrix. Speakers described adapting crop varieties to future climates in Qatar, and a large public transport project in Saudi Arabia aimed at reducing land and carbon footprint. Regional water management efforts like treated wastewater irrigation were also discussed.
MICROALGAE MULTIREFLECTOR LIGHT PENETRATOR
This document discusses the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source for biofuels and feed. It outlines the superiority of microalgae over other feedstocks in terms of growth rate, CO2 absorption, and ability to grow in polluted water without competing with food supplies. However, current microalgae production methods using open ponds or bioreactors are too expensive. A new design called the multi-reflector light penetrator is proposed to grow microalgae more efficiently and at lower cost by using less energy and accommodating growth over larger depths. This has the potential to make microalgae competitive with other feedstocks and unlock significant market opportunities in biofuels, fish and livestock feed, nutraceut
KKKH4284 - My Home Sustainability (A137767)
The document discusses sustainability indicators for Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia across several categories: population growth, air quality, biodiversity, waste and recycling, eco footprint, transport, education, health and healthcare, green space, climate change, food, economic base, and employment. Landscape plants are discussed for greening spaces and new landfill sites are mentioned.
Clean Technology| Search for viable solutions
The document discusses critical minerals and rare earth metals required for clean technologies and sustainable economies. It provides an overview of global lithium, vanadium, and cobalt reserves. It also discusses strengths and weaknesses in rare earth supply chains, including environmental issues, access to supply, and China's dominance. The document proposes that supporting a circular economy through policies like taxation and regulation can help address these issues. Moving forward, aligning education and skills with future jobs, addressing rising costs of living, closing infrastructure gaps, and managing geopolitical risks will be important to consider.
One worldcenteratgawa2014
The document discusses various challenges to global food production and food security, including environmental degradation, water scarcity, competing land uses, and climate change. It provides examples of these challenges, such as land degradation through soil erosion, salinity and desertification. It also addresses the capacity of the world's environments to sustainably feed future populations given challenges like anticipated population growth. Other topics covered include the importance of family farming, geographic skills and knowledge related to food security and environmental management, and human-induced environmental changes that challenge sustainability.
Reducing Toxic Emissions In Industrial Plants
Toxic emissions are a serious threat to the employees that occupy industrial workplaces. Minimizing this exposure and preventing toxic emissions is a necessity for the safety of any employee.
Gge presentation
The document discusses Golden Green Energy Co Limited, a Nigerian company that aims to generate electricity using bio-fuels. It outlines the company's team and affiliates, which have experience in fields related to energy, agriculture, and technology. It then discusses Nigeria's electricity supply issues and opportunities for investment in bio-fuel power generation, citing the availability of land and feedstock. The company's current position involves securing feedstock supply, discussing pilot projects, and seeking technology and investment partners for its plans.
Footprints due to milk formula a study from selected countries of the asia pa...
Footprints due to milk formula a study from selected countries of the asia pa...Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
As Pegadas (rastro/impacto) Ecológicas das fórmulas (leites de vaca modificados): um estudo de países selecionados da Ásia-Pacífico.
Un estudio de varios países sobre la huella de carbono (pegada de carbono) que produce la producción fórmulas artificiales, elaborado por IBFAN y BPNI.
Disponibilizado por Marta Trejos -
Equipo Coordinación Regional IBFAN LAC
Press Information Bureau awards
The document summarizes the winners and runners-up of the Sixth National Awards for Technology Innovation in Petrochemicals and Downstream Plastics Processing Industry presented in New Delhi. Seventeen nominations were selected as winners across seven categories related to polymeric materials, products, processing, waste management, and other applications. Fourteen additional nominations were selected as runners-up. The awards recognize outstanding contributions in research and development leading to benefits such as less energy consumption, better plastic waste management, and new innovative products.
How to Mitigate the threats of Climate Change - October 2021
Blog – How to mitigate the impacts of Climate Change – Public and Private Sectors
I support the protection of the environment through sustainable practices that do not destroy global economy. Too many government policies are about carbon pricing. Carbon is not the enemy of the planet. More policy work needs to be done in areas of the circular economy, urban planning, forest management, water management, and land management.
1. Flood mitigation - https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/10/11/infrastructure-risk-flooding-first-street-foundation-report/6050243001/
2. Wild and forest fires - https://www.preventionweb.net/news/moving-beyond-americas-war-wildfire-4-ways-avoid-future-megafires
3. Urban planning - https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-environment
4. Water supply and cyber attacks - https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2021/10/agencies-warn-ongoing-cyber-threats-water-treatment-facilities/186137/
5. Water management - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/ancient-water-management-techniques-prairie-farmers-drought-climate-change-solution
6. Air quality - https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-cities-worst-air-pollution-ranked-report
7. Air quality - https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/delhi/story/delhi-air-quality-slips-very-poor-category-stubble-burning-polluted-air-1865635-2021-10-17
8. GDP - https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/road-to-net-zero/2021/10/16/inaction-over-climate-change-could-slash-global-gdp-by-3-annually-by-2030-bofa-says/
9. Plastic - https://innovationorigins.com/en/plastic-is-not-a-problem-we-just-have-to-deal-with-it-smartly/
10. Waste - https://behrtech.com/blog/iot-and-sustainability-7-applications-for-a-greener-planet/
11. Zero Waste - https://zerowasteeurope.eu/press-release/the-eu-policy-favouring-waste-incineration-is-unwarranted/
Borgen project published articles portfolio - articles 1 - 37
This document is Mohammed Khalid's published writing portfolio listing 37 articles he has written on topics related to global development issues, including water quality, education, poverty reduction, healthcare, and infrastructure. The articles were published on Borgen Magazine and The Borgen Project websites between 2017 and 2020. Each entry includes the article title and link to the published version on one of the two websites.
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Huile de palme : une solution alimentaire & economique durable
- 1. SOURCES PALME COLZA SOJA EMISSION CO2 EMISSION DE CO2 PAR TONNE DE CARBURANT MALAYSIANPALM OIL:SURVIVING THEFOODVERSUSFUELDISPUTEFORASUSTAINABLEFUTURE WWW.ACADEMIA.EDU/876673/MALAYSIAN_PALM_OIL_SURVIVING_THE_FOOD_VERSUS_FUEL_DISPUTE_FOR_A_SUSTAINABLE_FUTURE EMPLOIS EN INDONÉSIE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCHCENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH HTTP://WWW.TRUST.ORG/ITEM/20130709022623-ZILWY/ EN MALAISIE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HTTP://WWW.PECAD.FAS.USDA.GOV/HIGHLIGHTS/2012/12/MALAYSIA/ AU NIGERIA INITIATIVE FOR PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS HTTP://WWW.IPPANIGERIA.ORG/2010/2010-1.HTMLHTTP://WWW.IPPANIGERIA.ORG/2010/2010-1.HTML AU GHANA MASDAR POUR LE MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE HTTPS://DOCS.GOOGLE.COM/FILE/D/0B4FN1FZ6J8K9DJY5X1JIAHVYEUE/EDIT?PLI=1 AU LIBÉRIA LIBERIAN OBSERVER WWW.HERITAGE.ORG/RESEARCH/REPORTS/2010/06/WORLD-BANKS-PALM-OIL-DEVELOPMENT-STRATEGY-SHOULD-FOCUS-ON-ECONOMIC-FREEDOM EN OUGANDAEN OUGANDA ALL AFRICA HTTP://ALLAFRICA.COM/STORIES/201001140411.HTML COTE D’IVOIRE AFP HTTP://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/HOSTEDNEWS/AFP/ARTICLE/ALEQM5GLKZBHKYJOXTO_MGUY7REFJGFYZQ?DOCID=C NG.6331EF81C42CF1754CB3136D625FC848.E1&HL=EN CONSOMMATIONCONSOMMATION CONSOMMATION D’ACIDES GRAS SATURÉS EN FRANCE 32 G/JPOUR UN ADULTE MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE HTTP://AGRICULTURE.GOUV.FR/IMG/PDF/SYNTHESE-RAPPORT-GROUPEPNNS-LIPIDES.PDF CONSOMMATION HUILE DE PALME 2KG/AN PAR HABITANT,SOIT 2,7G/JD’ACIDES GRAS SATURÉS SENATSENAT HTTP://WWW.SENAT.FR/AMENDEMENTS/2012-2013/103/AMDT_257.HTML ACIDES GRAS TRANS ET SATURÉS MINISTÈRE DE LA SANTÉ CANADA HTTP://WWW.HC-SC.GC.CA/HL-VS/IYH-VSV/FOOD-ALIMENT/TRANS-FRA.PHP PRODUCTION UN RENDEMENT AGRICOLE INÉGALÉ ALIMENTATION SANTÉALIMENTATION SANTÉ HTTP://WWW.ALIMENTATION-SANTE.ORG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2012/11/ETATDESLIEUX_HDP_1112.PDF PRODUCTION ET CONSOMMATION DANS LE MONDE FAO STAT HTTP://FAOSTAT3.FAO.ORG PRODUCTION D’HUILE VÉGÉTALE DANS LE MONDE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HTTP://WWW.FAS.USDA.GOV/PSDONLINE/PSDHOME.ASPXHTTP://WWW.FAS.USDA.GOV/PSDONLINE/PSDHOME.ASPX PRODUCTION DE RIZ EN INDONÉSIE FAO STAT HTTP://FAOSTAT3.FAO.ORG FORÊTS SURFACE DES FORÊTS FAO FORIS HTTP://FORIS.FAO.ORG/STATIC/DATA/FRA2010/FRA2010GLOBALTABLESENJUNE29.XLSHTTP://FORIS.FAO.ORG/STATIC/DATA/FRA2010/FRA2010GLOBALTABLESENJUNE29.XLS UNEFORÊTABONDANTEDANSLESPAYSPRODUCTEURS INDONÉSIE:52% MALAISIE:62% LIBERIA:45% ALORSQUELESPAYSOCCIDENTAUXONTDILAPIDÉLEUR CAPITALFORESTIER,LESPAYSENDÉVELOPPEMENT LUIFONTLAPARTBELLE FRANCE:29% ROYAUMEUNI:12% PAYSBAS:11% DESPAYSPRODUCTEURS LARGEMENTRECOUVERTSDEFORÊTS L’OCCIDENT, DESTERRITOIRESDÉFRICHÉSDEPUISDESSIÈCLES PRODUCTION MONDIALE SURFACECULTIVÉE DANSLEMONDE ENMILLIOND’HECTARES EN%VS PALME SOJA COLZA TOURNESOL 34% 15 27% 110 15%35 8%25 PRODUCTIOND’HUILEVÉGÉTALEDANSLEMONDE L’HUILEDEPALME RENDEMENTALE MEILLEUR SURFACECULTIVABLENÉCESSAIRE POURPRODUIRE LAMÊMEQUANTITÉD’HUILE PRODUCTIONETCONSOMMATIONMONDIALE AUTRES 58,3% INDE 15,7% INDONÉSIE 14,6% CHINE 11,8% EUROPE(27) 10,2% MALAISIE 6% CONSOMMATION AUTRES 7,2% INDONESIE 51,5% MALAISIE 34,4% THAÏLANDE 3,6% COLOM BIE 1,7% NIGERIA 1,6% PRODUCTION UNEDEMANDEENCONSTANTEPROGRESSION 2001 2010 CROISSANCEDELADEMANDE DE8,7% PARANDEPUIS1995 PLUSDE UNEDEMANDEENCONSTANTEPROGRESSION 80MILLIONSDEPERSONNESVIVENTDIRECTEMENTDEL’EXPLOITATION DEL’HUILEDEPALMEDANSCESPAYS: =10000PERSONNES INDONESIE NIGERIA GHANA OUGANDA LIBÉRIA CÔTED’IVOIRE MALAISIE UNVIVIERD’EMPLOIS UNRENDEMENTAGRICOLEINÉGALÉ 5td’huileparhectareetparan, cequiest8à10xsupérieurauxautreshuiles. SESAVANTAGESCULINAIRES Excellente conservation Textureonctueuse donnéeauxaliments Goûtneutre unefoisraffinée Résistanteencuisson jusqu’à240° (idéalefriture) UNESOURCED'ACIDESGRASÉQUILIBRÉE SOLIDEÀL’ÉTATNATUREL, CONTRAIREMENTAUXAUTRESHUILESVÉGÉTALES ELLENESUBITPASD’HYDROGÉNATIONPOURÊTRESOLIDE DONTLESCONSÉQUENCESCARDIOVASCULAIRESSONTRECONNUES 0% D’ACIDESGRASTRANSDONTLESCONSÉQUENCESCARDIOVASCULAIRESSONTRECONNUES 0% UNEHUILENATURELLEETNONTRANS CONSOMMATIONDESACIDESGRASSATURÉSENFRANCE HUILE DEPALME 91% VIANDE BEURRE FROMAGE CHOCOLAT ETC... 9% ACIDESGRASSATURÉS AUGMENTENTLEBONCOMMELEMAUVAISCHOLESTÉROL COCO(COPRAH) 85% BEURRE 65% BEURREDECACAO 60% PALME 50% UNEHUILENATURELLEETNONTRANS SONUTILISATION 19% Cosmétiques etautresproduits non-alimentaires 80% Alimentaire TONNES UN CARBURANT ECOLOGIQUE... L’ESPOIRD’UNAIRPLUSSAINSANSIMPACTERLESRESERVESALIMENTAIRES ÉMISSIONSDECO2PARTONNEDECARBURANT. DONT LACULTURELAISSETOUTESAPLACE AUXRIZIERES NOURRICIERES LAPRODUCTIONDERIZCONTINUEDECROITREENINDONÉSIE CONSOMMÉEBRUTEOUDANSDESPRODUITSCOMPLEXESCONSOMMÉEBRUTEOUDANSDESPRODUITSCOMPLEXES DUPALMIERÀL’ASSIETTE L’HUILEDEPALMEUNESOLUTIONALIMENTAIRE&ÉCONOMIQUEDURABLE