The document discusses the current state of security and defense integration in Europe. It notes that the EU has been working to establish a Defense Union since 2018, with the goal of further cooperation by 2020. However, critics argue this amounts to an "Armament Union" that could enable more military interventions abroad. The document also analyzes rising military budgets among NATO countries and new structures like the EU Battlegroup and PESCO defense projects. Overall, it presents concerns that increased European defense integration could empower arms companies and enable the defense of European economic interests through military force rather than diplomacy.

1. How is the current security
situation in Europe?
Claudia Haydt, Europena Left, Germany

2. „One year ago (2018), we launched the Defense Union and
have since been working on our ambitious development
plan step by step. My goal is to celebrate the topping-out
ceremony in 2020 together with the start of the next
German EU Council Presidency.“ (Ursula von der Leyen, 21. Januar
2019)
Defense Union, Armament Union
or EU-Army?

4. German Military Budget23,16
29,45
31,7
32,8
33,14
34
35,14
36,9
38,9
43,2
47,3
2000 2008 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 NAT O
Billion €

5. On the way to spending 2% GDP
NATO states
(without USA)
have spend 87
Billion $ additional
to their already
high military
expenditure since
2014…

6. New NATO-Command in Ulm
"Joint Support Enabling
Command" JSEC

10. „Munic Consensus“: New Powers – New Responsibilities//2013

11. Good EU - PR
Pew Research
Center
www.people-
press.org

12. Poverty, War and Repression
Neoliberale Foreign-
economic policies
Imperial global war-policies
Austerity and
Privatisation at home
Repression and dismantling
of human and citzens‘
rights

13. EUFOR-Exercise Quick Response

15. European
Council
-
Post Lisbon
Treaty and
Post-Brexit
PESCO
Qualified
Majority:
65%
population
55% states
Voting Power %
(Nizza)
Voting Power %
(Lissabon)
Votin Power % (Post-
Bexit)
Germany 8,4 16 18,3
France 8,4 13,1 15
Italy 8,4 12 13,7
Great Britain 8,4 12,8 0
Spain 7,83 9,1 10,5
Poland 7,83 7,5 8,6
Romania 4,04 3,9 4,5
Netherlands 3,77 3,3 3,8
Greece 3,48 2,1 2,4
Portugal 3,48 2 2,3
Hungary 3,48 1,9 2,2
Czech Republik 3,48 2,1 2,4
Belgium 3,48 2,2 2,5
Sweden 2,9 1,9 2,2
Austria 2,9 1,7 1,9
Bulgaria 2,9 1,4 1,6
Finland 2,03 1,1 1,2
Slovakia 2,03 1,1 1,2
Denmark 2,03 1,1 1,3
Ireland 2,03 0,9 1
Lithuania 2,03 0,6 0,7
Latvia 1,16 0,4 0,4
Slovenia 1,16 0,4 0,5
Luxembourg 1,16 0,1 0,1
Estonia 1,16 0,3 0,3
Cyprus 1,16 0,2 0,2
Malta 0,88 0,1 0,1

16. PESCO Projects Overview

19. Expert Opinion on EDF
•„The commission choose Art.
173. 3, Art. 182, 4, Art. 183 and
Art. 188, 2 AEUV but this is no
sufficient basis of a European
Defense fund (EDF).“
•Andreas Fischer-Lescano: Gutachten
vom 30.11.2018

24. Global economic interests of
EU states are being
defended on a global level –
also by military means

26. PESCO
Rüstungskorsett per Zwang und Sanktion
PROJEKTBESCHLUSS
(einstimmig, aber nur durch
PESCO-Staaten)
AUFNAHME
(qualifizierte Mehrheit der
bereits teilnehmenden)
PROJEKTMANAGEMENT
(einstimmig, aber nur durch
PESCO-Projektteilnehmer)
EVALUATION
(durch EU-
Verteidigungsagentur)
20 TEILNAHME-
KRITERIEN
AUSSCHLUSS
(qualifizierte Mehrheit ohne
angeklagten Staat)

28. EUGS: Hard Power
„ For Europe, soft and hard power go hand
in hand.”
“regarding high-end military capabilities,
Member States need all major equipment
…this means having full-spectrum land, air,
space and maritime capabilities, including
strategic enablers.”
“The voluntary approach to defence
cooperation must translate into real
commitment. A sustainable, innovative
and competitive European defence
industry is essential for Europe’s strategic
autonomy and for a credible CSDP.”

30. The Lisbon Treaty allows for:
• „operational capacity drawing on …military
assets " (Art. 42)
• "military advice and assistance tasks " (Art. 43)
• "tasks of combat forces " (Art. 43)
• Military operations to " contribute to the fight
against terrorism, including by supporting third
countries in combating terrorism in their
territories " (Art. 43)

31. • „ Member States shall undertake progressively
to improve their military capabilities.“ (Art. 42,
3)
• Establish a ‘European Defence Agency’ (Art.
42,3; Art. 45)
• „Member States whose military capabilities
fulfil higher criteria and which have made
more binding commitments to one another …
with a view to the most demanding missions
shall establish permanent structured
cooperation. (Art.42,6; Art.46)
• „joint disarmament operations“ (Art. 43)

33. The „Logic“ of defense cooperation
 1 european wide contract
 1 mega defense corporation
 Bigger contracts = lower prices?
 Lower prices = greater
competitiveness = more exports
= even lower prices?
 [more wars, more refugees]
 More Bang for the Buck!!

34. „ She is awake, the Sleeping Beauty of the Lisbon Treaty:
Permanent Structured Cooperation is happening.”
Jean-Claude Juncker. 11.12.2017)

35. EU-Defence Fund

36. Group of Personalities: Lobbying
The Group of Personalities Fernando Abril-
Martorell (CEO of Indra*); Carl Bildt (former
Prime Minister of Sweden); Antoine Bouvier
(CEO of MBDA*); Håkan Buskhe (CEO of
Saab*); Paul de Krom (CEO of TNO); Tom
Enders (CEO of Airbus Group*); Michael
Gahler (MEP); Elisabeth Guigou (French
politician (Socialist Party)); Ian King (CEO of
BAE Systems*); Bogdan Klich (former Polish
Defence Minister); Federica Mogherini (EU
High Representative); Mauro Moretti (CEO
of Finmeccanica*); Reimund Neugebauer
(President of the Frauenhofer- Gesellschaft);
Arndt Schoenemann (Chairman of ASD);
Teija Tiilikainen (Director of the Finnish
Institute of International Affairs (FIIA)); Nick
Witney (former EDA Chief Executive)
* Representatives of the defence industry
2015 the Industry Commissioner Elżbieta
Bieńkowska hand-picked a ‘Group of
Personalities’ to look into the usefulness of a
European defence research budget