The document summarizes a seminar presentation on evaluating the germplasm of hot pepper in polyhouses under West Bengal conditions. It discusses the objectives, which were to evaluate different genotypes for growth parameters and yield and identify selection indices. It describes the materials and methods used, including the 12 genotypes tested, experimental design, cultural practices, and observations made. It also reviews literature on previous research that identified various traits for selection in hot pepper breeding like fruit yield and weight. The results found variability among genotypes for qualitative traits like plant growth and fruit characteristics. It also reported data on quantitative traits and statistical analysis of the genotypes that identified traits with high heritability suitable for selection and improvement of hot pepper.

1. Seminar topic:- GERMPLASM EVALUATION OF HOT PEPPER IN
POLYHOSE UNDER WEST BENGAL CONDITION
Course No. PSMA-592 Date-04.06.2015
Speaker:- Saurav Roy
Chairman:- Prof.A.Bandapadhaya
Seminar leaders: prof. J.K.Hore and
Prof.A.B.Sharangi
DEPARTMENT OF Spice and plantation crops
FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE
BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA
Mohanpur, nadia
West bengal
M.Sc. 4th semester
2015

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Material methods
 Review literature
 Result and discussion
 Summary and conclusion

3. WHAT IS HOT PEPPER
The hot pepper or
jolokia (Assamese: ভূ ত-
জলকীয়া, Bengali: ন়াগ়া মরিচ or রিষ
ঝ়াল), also known as bih jolokia, u-
morok, ghost pepper,ghost hot pepper,
red naga chilli, and ghost chilli .
It is an interspecies hybrid of
C.chinense and C.frutescens, cultivated
in Bangladesh and Indian states
of Assam, Nagaland and Manipur.

4. OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and characterize different growth parameters of
hot pepper genotypes.
To study on character inter-relationships and their direct and
indirect effects on fruit yield.
To identify selection indices for the yield improvement of hot
pepper for spices
To evaluate the performance of resistance to different biotic
and abiotic stresses.
To pollinate or breed the germplasms having great variability

5. MATERIAL METHODS
 Plan of work:
Details of the experiment:
 Crop growing season Autumn- : winter to summer season
(2014-15)
 Design of the experiment : RBD with three replications
 Number of genotypes : 12
 Spacing : 60cm x 45cm
 Date of sowing : 31.08.14
 Date of transplanting : 15.10.2014

6. CONT..
The chemical properties of the soil of the
field are as following:
 Organic Carbon - 0.52
 Soil pH - 6.5
 Available N, kg/ha - 205.45
 Available P205, kg/ha -15.90
 Available K20, kg/ha - 215.84

7. METEOROLOGICAL DATA PERTAINING TO THE INVESTIGATION
PERIOD DURING THE YEAR 2014-15.
Month Max temp Min temp RH (max) RH(min) RAINFALL SS(Hr)
September 36 25.7 96 71 41.6 5.2
October 36.1 22.1 92 63 20 6.5
November 33.5 15.8 84 46 0 7
December 30.7 12.4 83 49 0 6.6
January 25.8 10 92 59 0.0 20.7
February 30.7 13.9 90 45 28.5 7.25
March 35.1 15.6 87 43 26.2 7.5
April 38.4 24.8 88 35 0.0 8.4
May 41.1 23.8 88 43 11.8 8.1
June 38.5 26.6 93 66 72.4 4.56

8. DIAGRAMS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
September October November December January February March April May June
Max temp (0c)

9. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Min temp(0c)

10. OBSERVATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS:
 Plant growth habit
 Branching habit
 Pigment at node
 Leaf shape
 Leaf colour
 Corolla colour
 Fruit shape
 Blossom end fruit shape
 Mature fruit colour
 Ripe fruit colour
 Dried fruit colour

11. OBSERVATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS:
 Germinated seedlings
 Seedling height
 Plant height
 Leaf length
 Leaf width
 Petiole length
 Days to first flowering
 Days to 50 % flowering
 Internodal distance
 Primary branches
 Secondary branches
 Canopy diameter EW
 Canopy diameter NS
 Fruit length
 Fruit girth
 Pedicel length
 Fruit weight

12. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
 RBD
 Path analysis
 Principal component analysis
 Dendogram
 Cluster analysis

13. GERMPLASMS USED
DOLLO
MANAS JOLOKIA
SUKHIA BULET
ICPN 20/1
ICPN 20/2
ICPN 20/3
ICPN 20/4
ICPN 20/5
ICPN 20/6
ICPN 20/7
ICPN 20/9
ICPN 20/10

14. POLYHOUSE

15. SEEDLING RAISING IN TRAYS INSIDE NET

16. TRANSPLANTING

17. STAKING

18. HARVESTING

19. REVIEW LITERATURE
Selection index
The set of characters identified as selection
indices by different workers based on
variability parameters, correlation and path
analysis framed are reviewed…

20. RESEARCH FINDINGS IN SELECTION CRITERIA
Sl
no
Characters to be considered in
selection
References
1 Fruits /plant, fruit weight, dry yield/plant Sahoo et al. (1990)
Fruits /plant, green fruit weight, dry fruit weight Choudhury et al. (2004)
2 Yield/ plant, fruit/ plant Singh et al. (2005)
3 Fruit weight and fruit girth Rani et al. (1996)
4 Fruit/plant, fruit weight, yield/ plant and weight length Sreelatha kumari and
Rajamony (2004)
5 Fruit/ plant, days to first fruit harvest and fruit weight Munshi et al. (2000),
Jose et al. (2004)
6 Fruit/ plant, fruit weight, fruit length. Kataria et al. (1997),
Devi et al. (1999)

21. REVIEW LITERATURE
AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS
YongFa et al (2010) An experiment was conducted on 12
characters of 64 hot pepper germplasm
resources were analyzed to reveal
genetic diversity of hot pepper
germplasm resources and provide the
scientific basis for further utilization of
hot pepper germplasm resources
Singh et al (2014) Twelve genetically diverse inbred lines,
including a cytoplasmic-genetic male
sterile (CGMS) and a genetic male
sterile (GMS) line, of hot pepper
(Capsicum annuum L.) were crossed in
half-diallel to produce 66 F1 hybrids.
Marame et al (2004 - 2005) Experiment was done on Twelve
genotypes of the crop were crossed in
half-diallel fashion to estimate genetic
components of variation.

22. CONTD..
AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS
Saha,S et al (2010) selection was done for candidate
accession of hot pepper having high
concentrations of ascorbic acid,
capsaicin, beta -carotene, and total
phenols for use as parents in breeding
for these compounds
Marame, F et al (2009) Determination of the variation and
effects of genes controlling inheritance of
plant and fruit traits, and to propose
efficient breeding procedures for
improving the crop.
Bhatt et al (1996) Information on variability, heritability and
genetic advance is derived from data on
9 yield related traits in 50 C. annuum
and C. frutescence cultivars evaluated at
Chaubattia

23. CONTD…
AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS
Nayeema et al (1998) An experiment was conducted on
genetic variability, genotypic and
phenotypic coefficients of variability, and
heritability is derived from data on fruit
and yield-related traits in 71 genotypes
of hot pepper grown at Srinagar
Jabeen et al (1999) Information on genetic variability,
heritability and genetic advance was
derived from data on 12 agronomic and
yield-related traits in 71 hot pepper lines
grown at Shalimar
Finger et al (2010) Uni- and multivariate analyses permitted
the identification of marked genetic
diversity and fruit attributes capable of
being improved through breeding
programs

24. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the present investigation, evaluation of 12
hot pepper genotypes was done to study on
(a) evaluation and characterization of
different qualitative and quantitative
characters, (b) character inter relationship
and their direct and indirect effects fruit yield.
The results of different experimental
approaches are presented below.

26. Variety CHARACTERS
Plant
growth
habit
Branching
habit
Pigment
at node
Leaf shape Leaf
colour
Corolla
colour
Fruit
shape
Blossom
end fruit
shape
Mature
fruit
colour
Ripe fruit
colour
Dried fruit
colour
DOLLO Erect Sparse Present cordate Green White Small,
round
Round Green Deep red Blackish
brown
MANAS
JOLOKIA
Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Elliptic Light
green
Greenish
white
Short,
stout
Pointed Greenish
yellow
Orange Blackish
brown
SUKHIA
BULET
Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Elliptic Green Off white Small pointed Green Deep red Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/1 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Small Pointed Deep
green
Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/ 2 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Long,
cylindrical
Blunt Light
green
Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/ 3 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Medium
long
Blunt Green Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/ 4 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Medium
long
Blunt Green Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/5 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Very long Blunt Greenish
brown
Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/ 6 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Very long Blunt Greenish
brown
Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/7 Intermedi
ate
Sparse Present Linear Light
green
white Very long Pointed Pale green Orange
red
Blackish
brown
ICPN 20/ 9 Intermedi
ate
Dense Present Lanceolate Deep
green
white Medium
long
Round Brown Reddish
brown
Blackish
brown
ICPN
20/10
Intermedi
ate
Sparse Present Linear Light
green
white Long Pointed yellow Orange
red
Blackish
brown

28. Var No of
germinat
ed
seedling
s/ 49
seeds
Seedling
height
after 1
month
Final
plant
height
LEAF
LENGTH
LEAF
WIDTH
PETIOLE
LENGTH
Days to
first
flowerin
g
Days to
50 %
flowerin
g
Intrnoda
l
distance
No of
primary
branches
/plant
No of
second
ary
branch
es
Canopy
diameter
E-W N-
S
DOLLO
34.000 12.400 208.333 17.167 13.000 6.000 195.667 203.667 25.333 6.333 25.000
71.33
3
60.
667
MANAS
JOLOKIA
38.333 12.167 160.000 15.000 7.400 2.500 168.333 178.333 19.333 5.333 22.333
56.33
3
59.
333
SUKHIA
BULET
27.000 9.933 148.667 11.000 5.400 3.200 181.000 189.000 17.333 5.667 27.333
84.00
0
85.
667
ICPN 1
37.000 13.667 81.667 9.167 3.600 3.200 164.000 174.333 14.000 3.333 22.333
49.00
0
50.
333
ICPN 2
36.667 13.500 91.667 13.200 7.000 5.733 111.333 123.667 11.333 4.000 24.333
52.33
3
43.
667
ICPN 3
31.667 11.733 83.667 13.600 6.800 5.000 142.333 155.667 16.500 2.000 14.000
51.00
0
60.
667
ICPN 4
37.000 12.167 83.333 12.000 7.867 5.600 150.667 163.333 14.000 3.000 22.000
48.33
3
59.
333
ICPN 5
40.333 12.400 96.000 12.800 6.400 4.133 109.333 122.667 11.500 2.000 19.667
34.66
7
42.
000
ICPN 6
41.333 13.433 90.667 14.200 6.500 3.700 121.667 135.000 9.667 3.000 25.000
52.33
3
54.
667
ICPN 7
37.667 13.033 113.000 9.800 3.933 3.500 126.333 137.000 11.833 8.333 37.333
54.33
3
48.
667
ICPN 9
35.000 12.233 92.000 13.500 7.867 6.000 140.333 151.667 10.333 5.000 25.000
54.66
7
42.
667
ICPN 10
39.333 10.833 123.000 10.733 4.200 7.000 131.333 145.000 9.733 7.333 37.667
47.00
0
43.
000
C.D. N/A N/A 13.058 1.406 0.474 1.191 11.342 11.308 1.698 1.623 4.198 3.236
3.2
35
SE(m) 3.638 0.778 4.424 0.476 0.160 0.403 3.842 3.831 0.575 0.550 1.422 1.096
1.0
96
CV 17.370 10.959 6.701 6.507 4.170 15.088 4.584 4.237 6.996 20.649 9.788 3.477
3.5
01

29. MEASUREMENT OF HERITIBILITY :
CHARAC
TERS MEAN GV PV GCV PCV h2 GA GA % M
GS 36.278 2.477798 42.18779 4.339 17.904 5.872 0.786 2.166
SH 129.278 45.77217 56.25791 35.406 43.517 66.199 76.718 59.344
LL 12.681 4.986277 5.666672 17.609 18.772 87.985 4.315 34.025
LW 6.664 6.185524 6.262666 37.321 37.553 98.767 5.092 76.405
PL 4.631 1.899523 2.387866 29.761 33.368 79.552 2.532 54.682
DF 145.194 741.0603 785.3386 18.749 19.301 94.36 54.475 37.518
DM 156.611 652.938 696.9556 16.316 16.857 93.683 50.949 32.532
IND 14.242 21.67298 22.66537 32.688 33.428 95.62 9.378 65.846
CD
E-W 54.611 153.0154 156.6166 22.651 22.916 97.698 25.187 46.121
N-S 54.222 152.4859 156.0823 22.774 23.041 97.691 25.142 46.369
PM 4.611 3.956859 4.863361 43.14 47.827 81.36 3.696 80.159
SB 25.167 42.59596 48.66163 25.933 27.718 87.53 12.578 49.979
FW 2.563 0.731448 0.764608 33.369 34.117 95.66 1.723 67.231
PL 3.247 0.128616 0.154488 11.045 12.105 83.249 0.674 20.76
F WT 16.732 162.2201 179.8872 76.121 80.159 90.178 24.915 148.91
DW 5.512 18.35628 19.74076 77.729 80.607 92.986 8.511 154.403
YIELD 18.294 22.43269 25.94847 25.89 27.845 86.451 9.072 49.589

30. DENDROGRAM

32. Germi
nated
seedi
ngs
Seedli
ng
height
(cm)
Final
plant
height
(cm)
Leaf
length
(cm)
Leaf
width
(cm)
Petiol
e
length
(cm)
Days
to first
flower
ing
Days to
50 %
floweri
ng
Intrn
odal
dista
nce
Clust
er-1 36.16 12.28 184.16 16.08 10.2 4.25 182 191 22.33
Clust
er-2 28 8.1 138.66 10 5.6 3.4 183 190 17
Clust
er-3 37 12.62 87.50 12 6.34 4.73 150 161.7 13.3
Clust
er-4 41.5 10.75 128 11.1 4.1 6.5 130 143 9.6
Clust
er-5 39 13.09 97.83 12.5 5.95 4.26 117 129.5 11.08

33. Cont….
E-W
(cm)
N-S
(cm)
Prim
ary
bran
ches
Seco
ndar
y
bran
ches
Fruit
lengt
h
(cm)
Fruit
girth
(cm)
Pedi
cel
lengt
h
(cm)
Frui
wt
(g)
Dry
weig
ht (g)
Yield
/ plot
(Kg)
Yield
/plan
t (kg)
Cluste
r-1 63.83 60 5.83 23.6 3.1 2.25 3.3 3.08 1.25 17.57 1.09
Cluste
r-2 86 87 6 26 3.3 1.5 2.9 2.12 0.12 16 1.0
Cluste
r-3 50.75 51.5 3.5 21.3 8.87 2.4 3.02 17.52 5.62 14.24 0.9
Cluste
r-4 46 42.5 8 38 10.1 1.55 4.2 10.73 2.235 15.5 1.15
Cluste
r-5 48.41 47.25 4.33 26.5 14.4 3.25 3.28 27.68 8.84 23.95 1.16

34. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:
The present investigation was undertaken
during autumn –summer season of 2014-15 for
studying the yield attributes and growth
parameters in 12 germplasms at research field
of BCKV in Kalyani, West Bengal.

35. EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HOT PEPPER
GERMPLASMS THROUGH DIFFERENT QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS:
13 qualitative characters have been recorded which include
plant growth habits, branching habit leaf length, width etc. it
was undoubtedly established that the most genotypes belong
to Capsicum annum. So as far all the characters are
concerned wide range of variation was evident in days to first
flowering , fruit weight, yield / plant and fruits/ plant etc. on
the basis of mean performance of 12 germplasms three
genotypes namely ICPN 20/5, ICPN 20/6 and ICPN 20/7 on
respect of yield and Dollo, Manas Jolokia and Sukhia Bulet
on the basis of growth habit and resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses found promising in West Bengal condition .

36. CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF 12 GERMPLASMS OF
HOT PEPPER:
Cluster analysis was done in different method like a) principal
component analysis, hierarchal cluster analysis and by PC’s
factor and Dendrogram. And according to the Dendrogram there
is some groping or clusters like in the first cluster there is 2
germplasms Dollo and Manas Jolokia and in the 2nd Sukhia Bulet
is there , in the 3rd 4 varieties are there like ICPN 20/1, ICPN
20/3, ICPN 20/4, ICPN 20/9 , in the 4th group only 1 germplasm is
there ICPN 20/10 and in the last group there is 4 germplasms like
ICPN 20/2, ICPN 20/5, ICPN 20/6 AND ICPN 20/7. So we can
understand easily there is a large variability and heritability
between the clusters so if we breed the germplasms according to
our desirable characters there will be a great variability so the
hybrid will have a good heterosis %.

37. FUTURE SCOPE
 Evaluation and characterization of more number of hot
pepper genotypes to identify high yielding dry hot pepper
and the ones containing more oleoresin as well as
capsaicin as an index to be regarded as spice.
 Study on the genetic architecture of all the important
characters of hot pepper.
 Use of genetic divergence study and cluster analysis
method for efficient grouping of diverse hot pepper
genotypes.
 Incorporation of colour value analysis of the hot pepper
genotypes in the study.
 Utilization cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) mechanism for
selection of better parents from the genotypes