The document describes an experiment to test Hooke's Law using a spring. Hooke's Law states that the force applied to an elastic object is proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. The experiment involves measuring the force applied and displacement of a spring as it is stretched and compressed in small increments. Graphing the force vs. displacement shows a linear relationship, confirming Hooke's Law. The spring constants are calculated from the slopes of the lines, showing the spring's resistance to stretching or compressing.
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The experiment involves twisting steel and brass rods of different lengths using known torques and measuring the angular deflection. Graphs of the data are used to calculate G, finding values of 68.46 GPa for steel and 38.8 GPa for brass, which are close to reference values. Testing another brass rod of varying lengths, a graph shows angular twist increases proportionally with length. G is recalculated from this graph as 43.50 GPa
Como calcular a potencia do motor e selecionar o redutor no acionamento de ma...Luiz Roberto Prado
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This document provides specifications for various types of reamers including:
- Parallel hand reamers with dimensions ranging from 3mm to 19mm diameter and details on cutting edge length and overall length.
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- Machine jig reamers with dimensions from 6mm to 24mm diameter, cutting edge length, overall length, and Morse taper shank number.
The document describes a torsion testing experiment. The objectives are to:
1. Determine the shear modulus (G) of different materials and the relationship between applied torque and angular twist.
2. Examine how material length affects angular twist.
The experiment involves twisting steel and brass rods of different lengths using known torques and measuring the angular deflection. Graphs of the data are used to calculate G, finding values of 68.46 GPa for steel and 38.8 GPa for brass, which are close to reference values. Testing another brass rod of varying lengths, a graph shows angular twist increases proportionally with length. G is recalculated from this graph as 43.50 GPa
Como calcular a potencia do motor e selecionar o redutor no acionamento de ma...Luiz Roberto Prado
This document provides information on calculating the required motor power and selecting gear reducers for operating machines and equipment. It begins with the author's background working for a gear reducer manufacturer, where they gained experience performing these calculations. The document then covers various mechanical concepts and formulas needed to calculate torque, force, power and select appropriate motors and gear reducers for different types of equipment. It includes tables and examples of calculating motor power for common devices like mixers, conveyors and lifting equipment.
The document provides an agenda and instructions for an honors physics class, including checking homework, discussing upcoming labs and tests, and reviewing solutions to example problems from the textbook. Students are also given requirements and guidelines for constructing and testing a catapult project due later in the week.
The document provides an initial design study for an electric hoist capable of lifting 2 metric tons. It includes calculations to determine the necessary motor power, drum diameter, gear ratios, and other components. The design aims to lift 1500kg at a speed of 5-6 meters per minute. Several components are selected, such as a 3HP motor, gearbox, and drum. Considerations for withstanding forces and stresses on parts are discussed. The summary is provided as a reference for engineers without experience in such equipment design.
This document describes the design and development of a fixture for aligning and welding pipes. The fixture aims to reduce manual labor requirements and time taken for alignment and welding. Key parts of the fixture include rollers, shafts, bearings, lead screws, columns and base plates. Detailed drawings and dimensions are provided for the fixture components. Calculations show the fixture can reduce alignment time for each joint from 1 hour to 15 minutes, saving labor costs. The design uses mild steel plates and is capable of withstanding the load of pipes weighing up to 2.5 tons.
8 dimension and properties table of equal leg angleChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties and specifications for equal leg angle steel beams of various sizes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, position of axes, surface area, and other mechanical properties. Sizes range from 20x20mm to 120x120mm beams with wall thicknesses of 3mm to 13mm.
This article analyzes the painting "Skeleton Puppet Show" using theories of iconology, intertextuality, and transtextuality. Puppets and skeletons in literature and art represent both tragic and joyous aspects of human life. The painting conveys reflections on the significance of life through allusions to puppet symbolism in Chinese culture as well as a famous passage from the Zhuangzi featuring a conversation between Zhuang Zhou and a skull. Buddhist and Daoist traditions involving skeletons and skulls were also influences, expressing the idea of gaining new life through contemplating death.
This document describes an experiment to test Hooke's Law using springs. Hooke's Law states that the extension or compression of a spring is proportional to the applied force. The experiment involves measuring the force required to extend or compress a spring by incremental amounts using a scale or load cell. By plotting force versus displacement, the spring constant k can be determined from the slope of the best fit line. The spring constant indicates the force required to produce a given deformation in a spring.
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the spring constant of simple extension springs and springs connected in parallel using Hooke's law. Key points:
1) Springs were loaded with weights in increments and the extension was measured to calculate spring constant from the slope of force vs. extension graphs.
2) Theoretical spring constants were also calculated using the springs' material properties and dimensions.
3) For springs in parallel, the total spring constant was calculated as the sum of the individual spring constants, matching the experimental results.
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This document describes an experiment to test Hooke's Law using springs. Hooke's Law states that the extension or compression of a spring is proportional to the applied force. The experiment involves measuring the force required to extend or compress a spring by incremental amounts using a scale or load cell. By plotting force versus displacement, the spring constant k can be determined from the slope of the best fit line. The spring constant indicates the force required to produce a given deformation in a spring.
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the spring constant of simple extension springs and springs connected in parallel using Hooke's law. Key points:
1) Springs were loaded with weights in increments and the extension was measured to calculate spring constant from the slope of force vs. extension graphs.
2) Theoretical spring constants were also calculated using the springs' material properties and dimensions.
3) For springs in parallel, the total spring constant was calculated as the sum of the individual spring constants, matching the experimental results.
Graph libraries in Matlab: MatlabBGL and gaimcDavid Gleich
This document summarizes and compares two MATLAB libraries for graph algorithms: MatlabBGL and gaimc. MatlabBGL interfaces the Boost graph library to MATLAB using mex files while gaimc implements common graph algorithms directly in MATLAB code. Gaimc runs faster than MatlabBGL since it avoids copying data between MATLAB and C++ but supports fewer algorithms. The author developed gaimc to allow easier use and experimentation with graph algorithms in MATLAB.
Process parameters optimization for surface roughness in edm for aisi d2 steelIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experiment that used response surface methodology to analyze how four machining parameters (discharge current, pulse duration, pulse off time, and gap voltage) affect the material removal rate when machining AISI D2 steel using electrical discharge machining. 31 experimental runs were conducted using a face centered central composite design and response surface modeling was used to analyze the results. The analysis of variance found that discharge current and pulse duration were significant factors influencing the material removal rate.
The document provides instructions for using the "esa Data & Polar Analyzer" software. It allows users to import performance data files from Apple devices like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad. The software then automatically analyzes the data and provides graphical and numeric comparisons to target polar data. It features screens for polar analysis, VMG analysis, data logging with maps, and start procedure analysis. Attachment 1 provides additional instructions for using the software in Excel.
The document is a student report analyzing data from a control chart with 30 samples. It includes the raw data, calculations of central and control limits, and an analysis showing some samples outside the control limits. The purpose is to determine if the process being measured is stable and in control.
The Pearson correlation between ADD-like behavior score and GPA in 9th grade was -0.542, which is statistically significant at p < 0.001. This indicates a moderate negative relationship between the two variables, meaning higher ADD scores are associated with lower GPAs. 54% of the variance in GPA is explained by ADD scores. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the variables is rejected.
1. Hooke’s Law Experiment
Introduction
Hook’s Law is used in designing devices that uses springs. If we have to design a kitchen scale or door
locks we have to determine what force is required to produce the required displacement and also it
should return to its original position when the load is removed. Thus, hooke’s law is vital in such
scenario.
Theory
Hookes Law states that for relatively small deformationsofanobject,thedisplacementor size of the
deformationisdirectlyproportionaltothedeforming force or load. Under theseconditionstheobjectreturns
to its original shape and size upon removaloftheload. It can be written as
Fs = -ks
whereFs is the tension in a stretched spring and s is the spring's displacement from its unstretched
position. k is the elastic constant, or "spring constant."
Common Types of Spring
1. Tension Spring
2. Compression Spring
Tension Spring
Extension springs, also known as a tension spring, are helically wound coils, wrapped tightly together to
create tension. Extension springs usually have hooks, loops, or end coils that are pulled out and formed
from each end of the body.
The function of an extension spring is to provide retracting force when the spring is pulled apart from its
original length.
Commons use
Trampoline
2. A trampoline uses many extension springs to create the bouncing effect. Every time someone jumps on
the trampoline, the extension springs are pulled apart and force is exerted. This makes the extension
spring want to go back to its original length, thus giving the inertia to fly into the air.
Procedure
1. Push the crosshead above until and unless the spring becomes slack.
2. Set the cell reading to zero and note the position of the double-edged pointer
3. Release the cross head and let it come to rest so that the weight and the tension becomes
equal.
4. Tap the equipment so that any stoppage due to friction is released and the equipment comes to
rest at the position given in point 3.
5. Next note the reading of the scale pointer.
6. Turn the screw on the cross head so it stretches the spring 2 mm (0.002m) and take the reading
from the Load cell.
7. Repeat in 2 mm (0.002 m) steps, until you reach the end of the Crosshead travel.
Tips:
The scale has two edges. Look across both of these to reduce the parallax error.
To remove the pretension in the spring (if it not appropriate for your course) pull the spring by
the loops until the coils no when the spring is relaxed.
4. Draw the best fit curve (line). What is the trend that you observe? Linear.
Tension Vs Displacement
18
16 y = 0.529x + 2.456
14
Force Recorded (N)
12
10
8
Series2
6
Linear (Series2)
4
2
0
132
136
140
144
148
152
156
160
164
168
172
176
Scale Reading (mm)
Determine the spring constant. Using k = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
K=0.5298 N/mm
Determine the y-intercept. What does this indicate?
That the spring is already under tension by 2.4569N
At what scale reading would the spring have no load?
Displacement at no Load = 132 – 2.4569/0.5298 = 127.3626 mm
Draw the free body diagram of tension spring apparatus, demonstrating all the forces acting
on it if the Load Cell shows a reading of 5 N, when it has reached an equilibrium state.
Drawn on back of page 6T
5. Compression
Practical Example: Pogo stick
A pogo stick is a toy that works as an exercising tool without children realizing their fun is
actually healthy. A child uses his legs, abdomen and arms to operate a pogo stick with repeated
movement, exercising each muscle. A pogo stick is a simple machine called a spring that uses
the weight of the child pressing down on the spring to cause the spring to push the child up into
the air.
Procedure
1. Take up the slack in the spring by using the screw on the crosshead until the load cell pointer
just begins to move
2. Set the load cell to zero and note the position of the double-edged pointer.
3. Turn the screw on the crosshead so it compresses the spring 2 mm (0.002m) and take a reading
from the Load cell.
4. Repeat in 2mm (0.002 m) steps until you reach the end of the crosshead travel or when the
spring is fully compressed.
Tips:
The scale has two edges. Look across both of these to reduce the parallax error.
Draw the free body diagram showing all the forces acting on the apparatus when the spring
balance is showing the reading of 3 N.
Diagram drawn on back of page 7T.
7. Draw the best fit curve (line). What is the trend that you observe? Linear.
Compression Vs Displacement
Displacement (mm)
-28
-34
-32
-30
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
0
y = 1.194x - 22.06
-5
Force Generated (N)
-10
Series2
Linear (Series2)
-15
-20
-25
Calculate k of the above experiment
K = 1.1704 N / mm
8. Other Questions
The turning total length of the bolt thread is 80 mm. Count the number of revolutions a nut would take
to reach from top to bottom.
What is the pitch of the bolt
How many turns would we have to provide if we have to compress the spring from 8mm to 6 mm.