2. First Edition, April 2015
Copyright Open University Malaysia (OUM), April 2015, HMEF5103
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means
without the written permission of the President, Open University Malaysia (OUM).
Project Directors: Prof Dato’ Dr Mansor Fadzil
Prof Dr Widad Othman
Open University Malaysia
Module Writer: Prof Dr Kuldip Kaur Karam Singh
Moderator: Assoc Prof Dr Lim Peck Choo
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Reviewed by: Assoc Prof Dr Chung Han Tek
Assoc Prof Dr Woo Tai Kwan
Open University Malaysia
Developed by: Centre for Instructional Design and Technology
Open University Malaysia
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