The impeachment process in the Philippines allows Congress to charge government officials for impeachable offenses like culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft, corruption, or betrayal of public trust. Any citizen can file a complaint that is reviewed by a House committee to determine if there is probable cause. If the House votes for impeachment by 1/3, a Senate trial is held. If convicted by 2/3 vote, the official is removed from office. Notable impeachment cases include presidents Quirino, Macapagal, Marcos, Aquino and Estrada.