Hieroglyphs were written using reed brushes to apply black ink made of soot and water or red ink from red earth and water onto papyrus or pottery when quick notes were needed. A cartouche is an oval shape that was drawn around a royal person's name when writing their name in hieroglyphs.

1. HIEROGLYPHS
The ends of reeds are used as paint
brushes. Black ink is soot and water
red ink is water and red earth.

2. Papyrus is expensive because it
took a long time to make so they
used pottery for quick notes.

5. A cartouche is an oval
around a royal person’s
name.