This document discusses the importance of properly documenting a crime scene through note taking, photography, and sketching. It provides guidance on how to take effective notes, what to include in notes, and how to store notes so they can be used later. The document also outlines best practices for taking crime scene photographs and creating sketches, including what types of shots to capture, common errors to avoid, and how to ensure photographs and sketches are admissible in court. Maintaining proper documentation of a crime scene through multiple techniques is vital for criminal investigations.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
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2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
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The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
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Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
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Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Hess10 chap2
1. Chapter 2
Documenting the Crime Scene:
Note Taking, Photographing and Sketching
Hess 2-1
2. Introduction
• Documentation is vital throughout an investigation
• As much as 70 percent of an investigator’s job is
consumed by paperwork and writing
• Photography plays an important role in documenting
evidence and presenting cases in court
• Often both photographs and sketches must accompany
written notes to provide a clear picture of the crime
scene
Hess 2-2
3. NOTE TAKING
• When to take notes
• What to record
Ask yourself
specific questions
• Where to record notes
• How to take notes
Hess 2-3
Field Notes: The Basics
5. Characteristics of Effective Notes (Continued)
EFFECTIVE NOTES
• Legible
• Clear
• Arranged in chronological order
• Well-organized
Hess 2-5
6. RETAINING NOTES
• Place them in a secure location
• Place them under a filing system
• Make them available months or even years later
• Policy usually determines where and how notes are
filed
• Many officers retain notes indefinitely
Hess 2-6
Filing Notes
7. Admissibility of Notes in Court
LEGAL APPLICATIONS
• Can help discredit a suspect’s or a defense witness’s
testimony
• Support evidence already given
• Strengthen testimony
• Defend against false allegations
Hess 2-7
8. Investigative Photography: An Overview
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PHOTOS
• Advantages
Can be taken immediately
Accurately represent the crime scene
• Disadvantages
Detail may distract viewers
Small nuances or discrete evidence may be missed
Continued
Hess 2-8
9. Investigative Photography: An Overview (Continued)
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VIDEO
• Advantages
Can show distances
Audio capability
• Disadvantages
Poor focusing
Overusing the zoom
Unintentional audio
Hess 2-9
11. Training in and Using Investigative Photography
WHAT TO PHOTOGRAPH OR VIDEOTAPE
• Plan shots that least disturb scene
• Use overlapping to cover entire scene
• Long-range shots of the locality
• Medium-range shots of the immediate crime scene
• Close-range shots of specific evidence
Hess 2-11
12. Training in and Using Investigative Photography
ERRORS TO AVOID
• Be familiar with your equipment
• Maintain proper perspective
• Show the objects in their relative size and position
• Take pictures from eye level
• Checklists help eliminate errors
Hess 2-12
13. Types of Investigative Photography
TYPES
• Crime scene
• Surveillance
• Aerial
• Night
• Laboratory
• Mug shots
• Lineup
Hess 2-13
14. EVIDENCE MAINTENANCE
• Identifying
Include backing information
• Filing
Cross-reference by case number
Follow department policy
• Maintaining security
Hess 2-14
Identifying, Filing and
Maintaining Security of Evidence
15. Admissibility of Photographs in Court
CRITERIA
• Must meet specific criteria to be admissible in court
A material photograph relates to a specific case and
subject
A relevant photograph helps explain testimony
A competent photograph accurately represents what it
purports to represent
Hess 2-15
16. Crime Scene Sketches: An Overview
SKETCHES AS INVESTIGATIVE AIDS
• Accurately portrays the physical facts
• Relates to the sequence of events
• Precise location and relationship of objects
• Helps create a mental picture of the scene
• Permanent record of the scene
• Usually admissible in court
Hess 2-16
17. WHAT TO SKETCH
• Better to include too much rather than too little
• Do not include irrelevant objects
• Area to be sketched depends on the crime scene
Large scene
Small area
• Original floor plans
Continued
Hess 2-17
The Rough Sketch
18. SKETCHING MATERIALS
• The first pencil-drawn outline of a scene
• Paper of any type will do
• Keep two or three pencils on hand
• Use a measuring tape for measuring long distances
• Use a compass to determine true north
Hess 2-18
The Rough Sketch (Continued)
19. Steps in Sketching the Crime Scene
TO SKETCH A SCENE
• Observe and plan
• Measure distances
• Plot objects
• Take notes
• Use a legend and scale
• Reassess the sketch
Hess 2-19
20. FILING OVERVIEW
• Place rough sketch in a secure file
• May be used later to question witnesses or suspects
• Keep the rough sketch in its original form
• May be needed for testifying later
Hess 2-20
File the Sketch
21. The Finished Scale Drawing
SCALE DRAWING OVERVIEW
• Done in ink
• Drawn to scale
• Materials needed
• Made at police station
• Simple or complex
Hess 2-21
23. Admissibility of Sketches and Drawings in Court
ADMISSIBILITY ISSUES
• Investigator must be prepared to testify about:
Information contained in the sketch
Conditions under which it was made
The process used to construct it
• Well-prepared sketches and drawings help people
visualize crime scenes
Hess 2-23
24. Summary
• Investigative notes and reports are critical parts of a
criminal investigation
• Record all relevant information concerning the crime
• Photography has become increasingly important in
criminal investigation
• Videos are now well established as an investigative tool
• In addition to photographs, crime scene sketches are
often used
Hess 2-24
Editor's Notes
Learning Objective:
Do you know why notes are important in an investigation?
Investigative notes are a permanent written record of the facts of a case to be used in further investigation, in writing reports and in prosecuting the case.
Learning Objective:
Do you know when to take notes?
Start taking notes as soon as possible after receiving a call to respond and continue recording information as it is received throughout the investigation.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what to record in investigative notes?
Record all information that helps to answer the questions Who? What? Where? When? How? and Why?
Learning Objective:
Do you know what the characteristics of effective notes are?
Effective notes are complete, factual, accurate, specific, legible, clear, arranged in chronological order and well-organized.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what the characteristics of effective notes are?
Effective notes are complete, factual, accurate, specific, legible, clear, arranged in chronological order and well-organized.
Learning Objective:
Do you know where to file notes if they are retained?
If notes are retained, file them in a secure location readily accessible to investigators.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what purposes are served by crime scene photography?
Photographs and video recordings reproduce the crime scene in detail for presentation to the prosecution, defense, witnesses, judge and jury in court and are used in investigating, prosecuting and police training.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what the advantages and disadvantages of using photography are?
Advantages of photographs: They can be taken immediately, accurately represent the crime scene and evidence, create interest and increase attention to testimony.
Disadvantages of photographs: They are not selective, do not show actual distances and may be distorted and damaged by mechanical errors in shooting or processing.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what the advantages and disadvantages of using videography are?
Advantages of videos: They accurately represent the crime scene and evidence, are able to show distance more clearly than photos and have sound capability to more fully document what is being seen.
Disadvantages of videos: Many people mistakenly believe that no training in videotaping is necessary, which leads to poor video quality and a diminished value in the video’s documentation of the crime scene.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what the minimum photographic equipment for an investigator is?
At a minimum, have available and be skilled in operating a Polaroid-type instant-print camera, a point-and-shoot camera, a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, a fingerprint camera and video equipment.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what to photograph at a crime scene and in what sequence?
First, photograph the general area, then specific areas and finally specific objects of evidence. Take exterior shots first because they are the most subject to alteration by weather and security violations.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what errors in technique to avoid?
Take photographs and videos before anything is disturbed. Avoid inaccuracies and distortions.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what types of photography are used in criminal investigations?
Types of investigative photography include crime scene, surveillance, aerial, night, laboratory, lineup and mug shot.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what basic rules of evidence photographs must adhere to?
Photographs must be material, relevant, competent, accurate, free of distortion and noninflammatory.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what purposes are served by the crime scene sketch?
A crime scene sketch assists in (1) interviewing and interrogating people, (2) preparing the investigative report and (3) presenting the case in court.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what should be sketched?
Sketch all serious crime and crash scenes after photographs are taken and before anything is moved. Sketch the entire scene, the objects and the evidence.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what materials are needed to make a rough sketch?
Materials for the rough sketch include paper, pencil, long steel measuring tape, carpenter-type ruler, straightedge, clipboard, eraser, compass, protractor and thumbtacks.
Learning Objective:
Do you know what steps to take in making a rough sketch?
Observe and plan.
Measure distances and outline the area.
Plot objects and evidence within the outline.
Take notes and record details.
Identify the sketch with a legend and a scale.
Reassess the sketch.
Learning Objective:
Do you know how plotting methods are used in sketches?
Plotting methods are used to locate objects and evidence on the sketch. These methods include the use of rectangular coordinates, a baseline, triangulation and compass points.
Learning Objective:
Do you know when a sketch or a scale drawing is admissible in court?
An admissible sketch is drawn or personally witnessed by an investigator and accurately portrays a crime scene.
A scale drawing also is admissible if the investigating officer drew it or approved it after it was drawn and if it accurately represents the rough sketch. The rough sketch must remain available as evidence.