The document discusses the history and evolution of the internet over the past few decades. It started as a small network for researchers and academics but has since grown exponentially to become a global platform connecting billions of people and powering the modern digital economy. The internet has transformed nearly every industry and aspect of modern life.
This quiz was hosted on 15th May 2022 as a part of Phoenix, the technology festival of the Future Institute of Engineering and Management (FIEM). It was an open-to-all general quiz with alphabetical prelims. The top 10 teams qualified to the finals. The winner ended the quiz with 145 points, while the other positions were decided by pounce in the very last question.
India Quiz - IIM Ahmedabad Chaos 2020 - by Quiz CeteraQuiz Cetera
The Annual Republic Day India Quiz held at IIM Ahmedabad Chaos 2020 - presented by Quiz Cetera. Questions on a range of topics including Indian history, arts, politics, technology, travel and living, language and literature, cinema, arts, sports and business - practically everything Indian.
Moneyball - Sports Quiz | QM: Amit Kuvelker, Pranav Deshpande & Savya | Spree...BITS Goa Quiz Club
BITS Goa Quiz Club, as part of Spree'23 , brings to you-
Moneyball : A sports based quiz.
Date: 15 April
Venue: DLT7
Time: 2 pm
Prizes up for grabs, Siuuu there!!
This quiz was hosted on 15th May 2022 as a part of Phoenix, the technology festival of the Future Institute of Engineering and Management (FIEM). It was an open-to-all general quiz with alphabetical prelims. The top 10 teams qualified to the finals. The winner ended the quiz with 145 points, while the other positions were decided by pounce in the very last question.
India Quiz - IIM Ahmedabad Chaos 2020 - by Quiz CeteraQuiz Cetera
The Annual Republic Day India Quiz held at IIM Ahmedabad Chaos 2020 - presented by Quiz Cetera. Questions on a range of topics including Indian history, arts, politics, technology, travel and living, language and literature, cinema, arts, sports and business - practically everything Indian.
Moneyball - Sports Quiz | QM: Amit Kuvelker, Pranav Deshpande & Savya | Spree...BITS Goa Quiz Club
BITS Goa Quiz Club, as part of Spree'23 , brings to you-
Moneyball : A sports based quiz.
Date: 15 April
Venue: DLT7
Time: 2 pm
Prizes up for grabs, Siuuu there!!
Quiz Society, SRCC conducted the Welcoming Quiz, a quiz on all the general comings and goings of the world.
We present to you a golden opportunity to gain a unique experience and insight into Quizzing, an activity which is not merely centred in the realm of academia, but indulges and enquires on a myriad of topics ranging from the FIFA World Cup to the Panchatantras.
This quiz can also be viewed and downloaded at: https://www.quizsocsrcc.com/
BITS Trivia quiz || BITSians' Day Special || QM: Amit Kuvelker || BITS Pilani...BITS Goa Quiz Club
Let's put your pride to be a BITSian on a check with this exciting quiz that will leave you scratching your heads.
The Alumni Relations Cell in collaboration with the Quiz Club of BITS Goa brings to you 'BITS Trivia' to unleash your Inner BITSian.
Whether you're a current student or a proud alumni, this is your chance to show of your expertise and win big! The top three teams will get exciting prizes and exclusive merch!
Date: 4 Aug, 2023 (Friday)
Medium: Online
Time:
Prelims: 7 p.m.
Finals: 7:30- 9 p.m.
This General Quiz was held in October 2021 and set by Ambika and Jushya as part of our weekly sessions. The set was meticulously compiled and hosted by the QMs.
Quintessence is the Quizzing Society of Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi. The society has been active for 10 years and has been actively holding Intra quiz sessions and quizzes for both school and college students in the circuit.
Prelims of General Category-The General Quiz researched and conducted by Quizzito-The Quiz Society of Gargi College on 8th February as part of High Q 2018- The Annual Quizzing Festival of Gargi College
Republic Day Special India Quiz - 26 Jan 2024aravindanil
Here's a Republic Day Special India Quiz to Celebrate India's 75th Republic Day!
Its a fun trivial quiz mostly based on the celebrations of this year's Republic Day. Take a look!
Prelims highest and cut-off were 26 and 17 respectively.
Final results:
1st: Anirudh Chari, Partha Sarathi Ghatak and Sourjo Sengupta with 267 points
2nd: Shayak Chakraborty, Nirban Basu and Arkaketan Chatterjee with 248 points
3rd: Jayashree Mohanka, Dhruv Mookerji and Bhaskar Datta with 227 points.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Quiz Society, SRCC conducted the Welcoming Quiz, a quiz on all the general comings and goings of the world.
We present to you a golden opportunity to gain a unique experience and insight into Quizzing, an activity which is not merely centred in the realm of academia, but indulges and enquires on a myriad of topics ranging from the FIFA World Cup to the Panchatantras.
This quiz can also be viewed and downloaded at: https://www.quizsocsrcc.com/
BITS Trivia quiz || BITSians' Day Special || QM: Amit Kuvelker || BITS Pilani...BITS Goa Quiz Club
Let's put your pride to be a BITSian on a check with this exciting quiz that will leave you scratching your heads.
The Alumni Relations Cell in collaboration with the Quiz Club of BITS Goa brings to you 'BITS Trivia' to unleash your Inner BITSian.
Whether you're a current student or a proud alumni, this is your chance to show of your expertise and win big! The top three teams will get exciting prizes and exclusive merch!
Date: 4 Aug, 2023 (Friday)
Medium: Online
Time:
Prelims: 7 p.m.
Finals: 7:30- 9 p.m.
This General Quiz was held in October 2021 and set by Ambika and Jushya as part of our weekly sessions. The set was meticulously compiled and hosted by the QMs.
Quintessence is the Quizzing Society of Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi. The society has been active for 10 years and has been actively holding Intra quiz sessions and quizzes for both school and college students in the circuit.
Prelims of General Category-The General Quiz researched and conducted by Quizzito-The Quiz Society of Gargi College on 8th February as part of High Q 2018- The Annual Quizzing Festival of Gargi College
Republic Day Special India Quiz - 26 Jan 2024aravindanil
Here's a Republic Day Special India Quiz to Celebrate India's 75th Republic Day!
Its a fun trivial quiz mostly based on the celebrations of this year's Republic Day. Take a look!
Prelims highest and cut-off were 26 and 17 respectively.
Final results:
1st: Anirudh Chari, Partha Sarathi Ghatak and Sourjo Sengupta with 267 points
2nd: Shayak Chakraborty, Nirban Basu and Arkaketan Chatterjee with 248 points
3rd: Jayashree Mohanka, Dhruv Mookerji and Bhaskar Datta with 227 points.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
