6/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles t zStopTrafficking
The document discusses human trafficking and anti-trafficking efforts in Syria. It notes that Syria implemented an anti-trafficking law but lacks a clear definition of human trafficking. Law enforcement efforts were limited due to unrest and lack of training. The government did not identify or protect any victims during the reporting period. Prevention efforts such as public awareness campaigns were minimal. Recommendations include improving investigations and prosecutions, increasing training, and establishing victim identification and protection procedures.
5/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles n sStopTrafficking
The document provides information on human trafficking in Namibia. It notes that Namibia is a source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims from within Namibia and neighboring countries are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, fishing, and domestic work, and sex trafficking. The government has laws against trafficking but has failed to prosecute or convict any traffickers. It provides some protection services to victims but identification procedures are lacking. While awareness campaigns are conducted, more efforts are needed to address trafficking, including training for law enforcement and prosecution of sex trafficking crimes.
4/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles j mStopTrafficking
The document discusses Italy's efforts to combat human trafficking in 2011. It notes that Italian prosecutors brought 621 trafficking cases to trial in 2010, convicting 174 offenders under anti-trafficking laws. The average prison sentence was 6.5 years. Victim identification and protection efforts continued, with over 700 new victims identified and provided care. However, immigration enforcement policies resulted in some victims not being screened for trafficking. Prevention efforts included a new national action plan and increased penalties for labor exploitation.
2/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles a cStopTrafficking
The document provides information about human trafficking in Country X. It notes that Country X is a transit and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims are men and women from various countries in Asia and Africa who come to Country X voluntarily for work but then face conditions of involuntary servitude, including threats, withheld pay, restricted movement, and abuse. The government was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show overall progress in prosecuting traffickers and identifying victims, despite making some efforts to address trafficking, such as hosting workshops. Recommendations are provided for how the government can strengthen its anti-trafficking laws and protections for victims.
The document is a letter from Secretary of State Hillary Clinton introducing the 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report. The summary discusses how, 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 27 million people around the world remain enslaved through human trafficking. The report aims to guide global anti-trafficking efforts by analyzing government progress and innovations, and identifying areas needing strengthening. A victim-centered approach focusing on protection and empowerment is key to fulfilling the enduring promise of freedom.
This document outlines the minimum standards and criteria used by the US government to evaluate other countries' efforts to eliminate human trafficking. It includes requirements that countries prohibit and punish trafficking through criminal statutes, investigate and prosecute trafficking crimes, protect victims, and make serious efforts to eliminate trafficking. Factors considered in determining adequate efforts are vigorous law enforcement action against trafficking, protection of victims, and collection of anti-trafficking crime data.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma. Victims may also distrust authorities, lack awareness of resources, and view their exploitation as normal. Additional barriers include frequent movement, being trained to lie, and interacting with untrustworthy interpreters. The document seeks to explain the complex mindsets of victims and barriers to their identification and assistance.
6/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles t zStopTrafficking
The document discusses human trafficking and anti-trafficking efforts in Syria. It notes that Syria implemented an anti-trafficking law but lacks a clear definition of human trafficking. Law enforcement efforts were limited due to unrest and lack of training. The government did not identify or protect any victims during the reporting period. Prevention efforts such as public awareness campaigns were minimal. Recommendations include improving investigations and prosecutions, increasing training, and establishing victim identification and protection procedures.
5/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles n sStopTrafficking
The document provides information on human trafficking in Namibia. It notes that Namibia is a source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims from within Namibia and neighboring countries are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, fishing, and domestic work, and sex trafficking. The government has laws against trafficking but has failed to prosecute or convict any traffickers. It provides some protection services to victims but identification procedures are lacking. While awareness campaigns are conducted, more efforts are needed to address trafficking, including training for law enforcement and prosecution of sex trafficking crimes.
4/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles j mStopTrafficking
The document discusses Italy's efforts to combat human trafficking in 2011. It notes that Italian prosecutors brought 621 trafficking cases to trial in 2010, convicting 174 offenders under anti-trafficking laws. The average prison sentence was 6.5 years. Victim identification and protection efforts continued, with over 700 new victims identified and provided care. However, immigration enforcement policies resulted in some victims not being screened for trafficking. Prevention efforts included a new national action plan and increased penalties for labor exploitation.
2/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles a cStopTrafficking
The document provides information about human trafficking in Country X. It notes that Country X is a transit and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims are men and women from various countries in Asia and Africa who come to Country X voluntarily for work but then face conditions of involuntary servitude, including threats, withheld pay, restricted movement, and abuse. The government was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show overall progress in prosecuting traffickers and identifying victims, despite making some efforts to address trafficking, such as hosting workshops. Recommendations are provided for how the government can strengthen its anti-trafficking laws and protections for victims.
The document is a letter from Secretary of State Hillary Clinton introducing the 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report. The summary discusses how, 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 27 million people around the world remain enslaved through human trafficking. The report aims to guide global anti-trafficking efforts by analyzing government progress and innovations, and identifying areas needing strengthening. A victim-centered approach focusing on protection and empowerment is key to fulfilling the enduring promise of freedom.
This document outlines the minimum standards and criteria used by the US government to evaluate other countries' efforts to eliminate human trafficking. It includes requirements that countries prohibit and punish trafficking through criminal statutes, investigate and prosecute trafficking crimes, protect victims, and make serious efforts to eliminate trafficking. Factors considered in determining adequate efforts are vigorous law enforcement action against trafficking, protection of victims, and collection of anti-trafficking crime data.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma. Victims may also distrust authorities, lack awareness of resources, and view their exploitation as normal. Additional barriers include frequent movement, being trained to lie, and interacting with untrustworthy interpreters. The document seeks to explain the complex mindsets of victims and barriers to their identification and assistance.
The document discusses human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking in the United States. It notes that the internet has become the primary platform for pimps, traffickers, and johns to buy and sell women and children for sex. Victims are often advertised online through sites like Backpage.com and Craigslist, made to appear as if they are working independently when they are actually being trafficked. One example is provided of a teacher who noticed signs a student was being trafficked and reported the situation after finding advertisements for the student online. The document outlines some of the common means traffickers use to control victims, such as physical abuse, confinement, isolation from family and friends, threats, and financial dependency. It
11/12 indications that somone is being trafficked StopTrafficking
The document lists potential indicators of human trafficking victims. It notes that victims may exhibit signs of not having control over their lives or documents, working or living in poor conditions, showing mental or physical issues from abuse or neglect, or inconsistencies in their story. The indicators are grouped into categories related to work/living conditions, mental/physical health, lack of control, and other signs like tattoos or an inability to clarify where they are staying. Taken individually, each sign may not prove trafficking, and not all victims will show every indicator.
The document provides an overview of Russian driving networks operating in northern New Jersey and New York. These networks recruit Eastern European women, house them, transport them to local strip clubs, and control many aspects of their lives. The networks charge the women high daily fees, use isolation, debt bondage, and threats to exploit the women into situations of human trafficking. Recent convictions have involved networks that forced women to dance up to 10 hours a day while threatening them with violence.
This document summarizes key information about child sex trafficking in the United States. It defines child sex trafficking as inducing a minor under 18 to engage in commercial sex acts. It outlines relevant federal laws and penalties. It provides statistics estimating 100,000 children at risk annually and the average age of entry being 12-14. It describes common forms of child sex trafficking including pimp-controlled prostitution and residential brothels. It also summarizes recent prosecutions and challenges victims face like criminalization, isolation, and lack of social services.
The document discusses escort services as a venue for sex trafficking. Victims, who can include adults or minors, are forced or coerced into providing commercial sex acts arranged by an agency or controller. One example describes a case where a 14 and 16-year old were rescued from an escort service ring operating from a residence in Florida. Escort services commonly advertise online and control tactics used by traffickers include physical abuse, confinement, threats, and debt bondage.
Victims of sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. Traffickers often recruit women from other countries under false promises of legitimate work, but then use threats, violence, and coercion to force them into commercial sex acts at clubs. One case involved a trafficking ring that smuggled women into the country and compelled them through threats to work as dancers. Signs of trafficking include controlling victims' documents and wages, isolating them, and threatening deportation.
The document provides an overview of sex trafficking networks in the United States that target Latina women and children. These networks include Latino residential brothels, escort services, and hostess clubs. Residential brothels operate out of homes and apartments, hosting many male customers per day. Victims, who are often promised other work, are threatened and forced into commercial sex acts. The networks recruit and transport women within the U.S. and from Latin America, exploiting their illegal status and financial vulnerabilities. Federal laws prohibit forced labor and sex trafficking.
Humantraffickingvictims are oftenfoundinstreet prostitution where they are forcedto provide commercial sexual services by a controller or “pimp.” Pimps force adults andminors to sell commercial sex onthe streets by means of physical abuse, threats, lies, manipulation, andfalse promises. Victims are oftenexpectedto earnanightly quota, rangingfrom$500 to $1000 or more, all confiscatedby the pimp. Victims are typically U.S. citizens, includingadults, girls, boys, andtransgender youth.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma that prevent identification and hinder escape. Additional barriers include frequent movement of victims, victims being trained to lie, and lack of trust in systems that are intended to help. The document seeks to increase understanding of trafficking victims' mindsets and experiences.
This document provides an overview of sex trafficking at truck stops in the United States. It describes how truck stops' isolated locations and large numbers of male customers make them convenient places for sex trafficking. Two common forms are pimp-controlled trafficking and fake massage businesses. Victims are often recruited through promises of jobs and controlled through debt bondage or threats of violence. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center received reports of 79 potential trafficking cases at truck stops in 2011.
Human trafficking occurs at truck stops in the United States in several forms. Sex trafficking involves pimp-controlled prostitution and fake massage businesses that traffick victims from city to city. Labor trafficking also occurs. Traffickers exploit various vulnerabilities at truck stops like their transient nature and isolate victims from communities. Signs of trafficking include restricted freedom of movement, poor living conditions, and inability to leave jobs.
Domestic sex trafficking involves U.S. citizens who are forced into commercial sex acts within the U.S. Pimps use elements of force, fraud, and coercion to control victims. They establish rules and quotas that victims must follow, inflicting physical and emotional abuse. Pimps make tens or hundreds of thousands annually by trafficking multiple victims. Victims are reluctant to seek help due to threats of violence, debt bondage, and manipulation by pimps. Service providers must build trust with victims and be aware of barriers that prevent victims from self-identifying or escaping.
Thousands of fake massage businesses in the U.S. operate as fronts for sex trafficking. Sex traffickers frequently target vulnerable people and use violence, threats or lies to coerce them into commercial sex acts against their will. Sex trafficking has been found in various venues like residential brothels, hostess clubs, online escort services, strip clubs, and street prostitution. Resources are available through organizations like the Polaris Project and National Human Trafficking Resource Center.
This document provides an overview of fake massage businesses that operate as fronts for sex trafficking in the United States. It describes the typical characteristics of these businesses, including their attempts to appear legitimate through commercial locations, advertising, and business licenses. It also outlines the structures of the trafficking networks that operate them, including recruiters, transporters, and brothel managers. Additionally, it discusses the means traffickers use to control victims, such as debt bondage, document seizure, isolation, and threats of deportation. Lastly, it provides relevant statistics on the prevalence of these businesses and examples of recent law enforcement actions against them.
The document provides information about human trafficking in the United States, including different types of labor and sex trafficking. It discusses how labor traffickers use coercion and violence to force people to work in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, restaurants, and factories. The document defines labor trafficking under U.S. law and provides resources on the topic.
Victims of human trafficking have been found working in peddling and begging rings or on sales crews, where they work long hours soliciting money or selling products. Crew leaders typically confiscate most of the victim's earnings, control transportation and housing, and subject victims to violence, sexual assault, and abandonment. One case involved a young man who joined a sales crew after being promised travel and high wages but was then controlled through isolation, fines, and denial of food. Peddling rings, sales crews, and begging rings may involve human trafficking when employers use force, fraud or coercion to control victims who believe they have no choice but to continue working.
This document discusses labor trafficking that occurs in factory and manufacturing settings in the United States. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited for work but then subjected to forced labor through threats, debt bondage, document theft, and other coercive practices. They may be forced to work long hours for little pay in dangerous conditions. The document provides an example of a woman from Mexico recruited for factory work but then locked in the factory and forced to work 17-18 hours a day. It also discusses vulnerabilities like low profit margins and tiered production systems that allow exploitation.
Cases of human trafficking have been investigated in multiple restaurant industries across several US states. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited with promises of work but then forced into long hours for little or no pay under threats of deportation. One case involved Polish immigrants working 12-14 hours a day with no time off under constant surveillance at a Chinese restaurant. The document outlines how trafficking can occur through force, fraud or coercion and notes vulnerabilities such as low wages, lack of protections, and immigration status that traffickers exploit.
4/4 slave labor in strip clubs (can be non sexual)StopTrafficking
Victims of both sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. In situations of sex trafficking, victims are forced to provide commercial sex to club patrons, while in labor trafficking victims are forced to dance, serve as hostesses, or sell drinks and food. Victims have little control over their schedule, money, and movement. One victim from Ukraine reported being forced to work 12 hour days, hand over $3,000-$4,000 per week, and was beaten if she did not comply.
The document discusses human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking in the United States. It notes that the internet has become the primary platform for pimps, traffickers, and johns to buy and sell women and children for sex. Victims are often advertised online through sites like Backpage.com and Craigslist, made to appear as if they are working independently when they are actually being trafficked. One example is provided of a teacher who noticed signs a student was being trafficked and reported the situation after finding advertisements for the student online. The document outlines some of the common means traffickers use to control victims, such as physical abuse, confinement, isolation from family and friends, threats, and financial dependency. It
11/12 indications that somone is being trafficked StopTrafficking
The document lists potential indicators of human trafficking victims. It notes that victims may exhibit signs of not having control over their lives or documents, working or living in poor conditions, showing mental or physical issues from abuse or neglect, or inconsistencies in their story. The indicators are grouped into categories related to work/living conditions, mental/physical health, lack of control, and other signs like tattoos or an inability to clarify where they are staying. Taken individually, each sign may not prove trafficking, and not all victims will show every indicator.
The document provides an overview of Russian driving networks operating in northern New Jersey and New York. These networks recruit Eastern European women, house them, transport them to local strip clubs, and control many aspects of their lives. The networks charge the women high daily fees, use isolation, debt bondage, and threats to exploit the women into situations of human trafficking. Recent convictions have involved networks that forced women to dance up to 10 hours a day while threatening them with violence.
This document summarizes key information about child sex trafficking in the United States. It defines child sex trafficking as inducing a minor under 18 to engage in commercial sex acts. It outlines relevant federal laws and penalties. It provides statistics estimating 100,000 children at risk annually and the average age of entry being 12-14. It describes common forms of child sex trafficking including pimp-controlled prostitution and residential brothels. It also summarizes recent prosecutions and challenges victims face like criminalization, isolation, and lack of social services.
The document discusses escort services as a venue for sex trafficking. Victims, who can include adults or minors, are forced or coerced into providing commercial sex acts arranged by an agency or controller. One example describes a case where a 14 and 16-year old were rescued from an escort service ring operating from a residence in Florida. Escort services commonly advertise online and control tactics used by traffickers include physical abuse, confinement, threats, and debt bondage.
Victims of sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. Traffickers often recruit women from other countries under false promises of legitimate work, but then use threats, violence, and coercion to force them into commercial sex acts at clubs. One case involved a trafficking ring that smuggled women into the country and compelled them through threats to work as dancers. Signs of trafficking include controlling victims' documents and wages, isolating them, and threatening deportation.
The document provides an overview of sex trafficking networks in the United States that target Latina women and children. These networks include Latino residential brothels, escort services, and hostess clubs. Residential brothels operate out of homes and apartments, hosting many male customers per day. Victims, who are often promised other work, are threatened and forced into commercial sex acts. The networks recruit and transport women within the U.S. and from Latin America, exploiting their illegal status and financial vulnerabilities. Federal laws prohibit forced labor and sex trafficking.
Humantraffickingvictims are oftenfoundinstreet prostitution where they are forcedto provide commercial sexual services by a controller or “pimp.” Pimps force adults andminors to sell commercial sex onthe streets by means of physical abuse, threats, lies, manipulation, andfalse promises. Victims are oftenexpectedto earnanightly quota, rangingfrom$500 to $1000 or more, all confiscatedby the pimp. Victims are typically U.S. citizens, includingadults, girls, boys, andtransgender youth.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma that prevent identification and hinder escape. Additional barriers include frequent movement of victims, victims being trained to lie, and lack of trust in systems that are intended to help. The document seeks to increase understanding of trafficking victims' mindsets and experiences.
This document provides an overview of sex trafficking at truck stops in the United States. It describes how truck stops' isolated locations and large numbers of male customers make them convenient places for sex trafficking. Two common forms are pimp-controlled trafficking and fake massage businesses. Victims are often recruited through promises of jobs and controlled through debt bondage or threats of violence. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center received reports of 79 potential trafficking cases at truck stops in 2011.
Human trafficking occurs at truck stops in the United States in several forms. Sex trafficking involves pimp-controlled prostitution and fake massage businesses that traffick victims from city to city. Labor trafficking also occurs. Traffickers exploit various vulnerabilities at truck stops like their transient nature and isolate victims from communities. Signs of trafficking include restricted freedom of movement, poor living conditions, and inability to leave jobs.
Domestic sex trafficking involves U.S. citizens who are forced into commercial sex acts within the U.S. Pimps use elements of force, fraud, and coercion to control victims. They establish rules and quotas that victims must follow, inflicting physical and emotional abuse. Pimps make tens or hundreds of thousands annually by trafficking multiple victims. Victims are reluctant to seek help due to threats of violence, debt bondage, and manipulation by pimps. Service providers must build trust with victims and be aware of barriers that prevent victims from self-identifying or escaping.
Thousands of fake massage businesses in the U.S. operate as fronts for sex trafficking. Sex traffickers frequently target vulnerable people and use violence, threats or lies to coerce them into commercial sex acts against their will. Sex trafficking has been found in various venues like residential brothels, hostess clubs, online escort services, strip clubs, and street prostitution. Resources are available through organizations like the Polaris Project and National Human Trafficking Resource Center.
This document provides an overview of fake massage businesses that operate as fronts for sex trafficking in the United States. It describes the typical characteristics of these businesses, including their attempts to appear legitimate through commercial locations, advertising, and business licenses. It also outlines the structures of the trafficking networks that operate them, including recruiters, transporters, and brothel managers. Additionally, it discusses the means traffickers use to control victims, such as debt bondage, document seizure, isolation, and threats of deportation. Lastly, it provides relevant statistics on the prevalence of these businesses and examples of recent law enforcement actions against them.
The document provides information about human trafficking in the United States, including different types of labor and sex trafficking. It discusses how labor traffickers use coercion and violence to force people to work in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, restaurants, and factories. The document defines labor trafficking under U.S. law and provides resources on the topic.
Victims of human trafficking have been found working in peddling and begging rings or on sales crews, where they work long hours soliciting money or selling products. Crew leaders typically confiscate most of the victim's earnings, control transportation and housing, and subject victims to violence, sexual assault, and abandonment. One case involved a young man who joined a sales crew after being promised travel and high wages but was then controlled through isolation, fines, and denial of food. Peddling rings, sales crews, and begging rings may involve human trafficking when employers use force, fraud or coercion to control victims who believe they have no choice but to continue working.
This document discusses labor trafficking that occurs in factory and manufacturing settings in the United States. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited for work but then subjected to forced labor through threats, debt bondage, document theft, and other coercive practices. They may be forced to work long hours for little pay in dangerous conditions. The document provides an example of a woman from Mexico recruited for factory work but then locked in the factory and forced to work 17-18 hours a day. It also discusses vulnerabilities like low profit margins and tiered production systems that allow exploitation.
Cases of human trafficking have been investigated in multiple restaurant industries across several US states. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited with promises of work but then forced into long hours for little or no pay under threats of deportation. One case involved Polish immigrants working 12-14 hours a day with no time off under constant surveillance at a Chinese restaurant. The document outlines how trafficking can occur through force, fraud or coercion and notes vulnerabilities such as low wages, lack of protections, and immigration status that traffickers exploit.
4/4 slave labor in strip clubs (can be non sexual)StopTrafficking
Victims of both sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. In situations of sex trafficking, victims are forced to provide commercial sex to club patrons, while in labor trafficking victims are forced to dance, serve as hostesses, or sell drinks and food. Victims have little control over their schedule, money, and movement. One victim from Ukraine reported being forced to work 12 hour days, hand over $3,000-$4,000 per week, and was beaten if she did not comply.
4/4 slave labor in strip clubs (can be non sexual)
Help for Victims: Korean Flyer
1. 인신매매는 현존하는 노예 제도 입니다.
미국, 바로 여기서 일어나고 있습니다.
1-888-3737-888
국가 인신 매매 상담 센터국가 인신 매매 상담 센터
National Human Trafficking Resource Center
무료 | 24시
비밀 보장 | 필요시 통역 가능
인신매매는 다양한 환경에서 일어나고 있습니다인신매매는 다양한 환경에서 일어나고 있습니다:
• 상업적 섹스 분야
(스트립 클럽, 안마소, 콜서비스, 사창가, 인터넷등)
• 공장 (산업, 의류, 정육업소)
• 농장, 도시 계획 사업, 건축
• 행상, 구걸, 잡지 판매원
• 주택(가사도우미, 유모 등)
• 레스토랑, 술집 등 서비스 분야(네일 아트, 헤어 살롱)
노동과 상업성 섹스를 강요당하는 피해자는노동과 상업성 섹스를 강요당하는 피해자는:
• 미국인, 외국인
• 남녀노소
이메일: NHTRC@PolarisProject.org
www.TraffickingResourceCenter.org 참조하시기 바랍니다.
피해자는 누구인가요?피해자는 누구인가요?
인신매매는 어느 곳에서 이뤄지나요?인신매매는 어느 곳에서 이뤄지나요?
의심이 가는 경우, 인신매매에 대하여 더 알고 싶을 떄, 또는
교육이나 실질적 도움, 추천 기관이 필요할 때 전화 주세요.
This publication was made possible in part through Grant Number 90XR0012/02 from the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division, Office of Refugee Resettlement, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division, Office of Refugee Resettlement, or HHS.