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Heating of the earth.docx
1. Heating of the earth" redirects here. For other uses, see Greenhouse (disambiguation). For
the general heating or cooling of Earth's surface, see Earth's energy budget. For the
internal heating of Earth, see Earth's internal heat budget. For the Supreme Court theory,
see Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court).
Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass through the atmosphere, heating the planet, but
then absorb and re-radiate the infrared radiation (heat) the planet emits
Quantitative analysis: Energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and Earth's surface,
with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorbing and emitting radiant heat, affecting
Earth's energy balance.
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a planet's host star goes
through its atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, but greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly to space, resulting in a
warmer planet. Earth's natural greenhouse effect keeps the planet from having the below
freezing temperature that it would have if there were no greenhouse gases. Additionally,
human-caused increases in greenhouse gases trap greater amounts of heat, causing the
Earth to grow warmer over time.[1][2]
Anything radiates energy related to its temperature: the Sun—at about 5,500 °C (9,930
°F)—sends most of its energy as visible and near infrared light, while Earth's average
surface temperature—at about 15 °C (59 °F)—emits longer-wavelength infrared, radiant
heat.[2] The atmosphere is transparent to most incoming sunlight, and allows its energy
through to heat the surface. Most gases in the atmosphere are transparent to infrared,
but the small proportion of the atmosphere that constitutes greenhouse gases absorbs
some of the heat emitted by the surface rather than letting it escape into space. These
greenhouse gas molecules then emit radiant heat in all directions, passing heat to the
surrounding air and warming other greenhouse gas molecules. Radiant heat going
downwards further increases the temperature of the surface, which then returns heat to
the atmosphere in a positive feedback cycle. Without Earth's natural greenhouse effect
the Earth would be more than 30 °C (54 °F) colder.[3][2]
A runaway greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases accumulate in the
atmosphere through a positive feedback cycle to such an extent that they substantially
block thermal radiation (heat) from escaping into space, thus preventing the planet from
cooling.[4] The runaway greenhouse effect occurred with carbon dioxide and water vapor
on Venus. It is unlikely that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions alone could trigger a
runaway effect on Earth.
The term greenhouse effect comes from a flawed analogy to greenhouses, which have
transparent glass that passes sunlight but retains heat by physically restricting air
movement; radiative effects are not involved.[5
![Heating of the earth" redirects here. For other uses, see Greenhouse (disambiguation). For
the general heating or cooling of Earth's surface, see Earth's energy budget. For the
internal heating of Earth, see Earth's internal heat budget. For the Supreme Court theory,
see Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court).
Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass through the atmosphere, heating the planet, but
then absorb and re-radiate the infrared radiation (heat) the planet emits
Quantitative analysis: Energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and Earth's surface,
with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorbing and emitting radiant heat, affecting
Earth's energy balance.
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a planet's host star goes
through its atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, but greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly to space, resulting in a
warmer planet. Earth's natural greenhouse effect keeps the planet from having the below
freezing temperature that it would have if there were no greenhouse gases. Additionally,
human-caused increases in greenhouse gases trap greater amounts of heat, causing the
Earth to grow warmer over time.[1][2]
Anything radiates energy related to its temperature: the Sun—at about 5,500 °C (9,930
°F)—sends most of its energy as visible and near infrared light, while Earth's average
surface temperature—at about 15 °C (59 °F)—emits longer-wavelength infrared, radiant
heat.[2] The atmosphere is transparent to most incoming sunlight, and allows its energy
through to heat the surface. Most gases in the atmosphere are transparent to infrared,
but the small proportion of the atmosphere that constitutes greenhouse gases absorbs
some of the heat emitted by the surface rather than letting it escape into space. These
greenhouse gas molecules then emit radiant heat in all directions, passing heat to the
surrounding air and warming other greenhouse gas molecules. Radiant heat going
downwards further increases the temperature of the surface, which then returns heat to
the atmosphere in a positive feedback cycle. Without Earth's natural greenhouse effect
the Earth would be more than 30 °C (54 °F) colder.[3][2]
A runaway greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases accumulate in the
atmosphere through a positive feedback cycle to such an extent that they substantially
block thermal radiation (heat) from escaping into space, thus preventing the planet from
cooling.[4] The runaway greenhouse effect occurred with carbon dioxide and water vapor
on Venus. It is unlikely that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions alone could trigger a
runaway effect on Earth.
The term greenhouse effect comes from a flawed analogy to greenhouses, which have
transparent glass that passes sunlight but retains heat by physically restricting air
movement; radiative effects are not involved.[5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/heatingoftheearth-221024092226-759dc3f6/85/heating-of-the-earthdocx-1-320.jpg)
