Health perspectives: World Health Organization ▪ Definition of Health: oa state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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2. Healthcare Services
Session 1 –
Introduction
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3. Session topics / Outline
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 Key principles in healthcare training ASEAN context
 Liberalization of healthcare services and professionals
 Main challenges in ASEAN healthcare
 Session Assessment

4. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Definition of Health:
o a state of complete
physical, mental, and
social well-being and not
merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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5. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Informed opinion and active
cooperation of the public
are of the utmost
importance in the
improvement of the health
of the people
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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6. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Governments have a
responsibility for the health
of their people by providing
adequate health and social
measures.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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7. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Definition of Healthcare
Services
o Refers to any medical or
remedial care or service,
including supplies
delivered in connection
with the care or service,
that is recognized under
state law.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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8. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Service delivery systems
o Provide health services
for patients, persons,
families, communities
and populations.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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9. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Service delivery systems
include:
o Patient-centered care: is
focused on individual
care of the patient
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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10. Health perspectives: World
Health Organization
 Service delivery systems
include:
o People-centered care
attention to the health of
the communities and
their crucial role in
shaping health policy
and health services.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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11. Health perspectives:
Millennium Development
Goals
 Goal 4: Reduce child
mortality
o Reduction of the under-
five mortality rate by
two-thirds in the period
between 1990 and 2015.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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12. Health perspectives:
Millennium Development Goals
 Goal 4: Reduce child
mortality
o Improvement of
complementary feeding or
giving foods in addition to
breast milk led to
significant reduction in the
child mortality caused by
undernutrition
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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13. Health perspectives:
Millennium Development Goals
 Goal 5: Improve maternal
health
o Millennium development
goal 5 two targets: 1.
reduce the maternal
mortality ratio by 75
percent and 2. achieve
universal access to
reproductive health
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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14. Health perspectives:
Millennium Development Goals
 Three targets of Goal 6:
1. Reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS
2. Achieve global access to
treatment for HIV/AIDS
by 2010
3. Start the reversal of the
incidence of malaria and
other major diseases by
2015 14
Introduction to health and healthcare services

15. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Maternal Mortality
o Reproductive, maternal,
newborn, and child health
o Maternal mortality ratio
has declined by 37%
since 2000.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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16. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Maternal Mortality. Globally,
(2000 to 2016),
o the under-5 mortality rate
dropped by 47%,
o the neonatal mortality rate
fell by 39%
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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17. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases.
Globally,
o the incidence of HIV
declined from .40 to 26
per 1000 uninfected
people between 2005 and
2016
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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18. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases.
Malaria cases reported:
o 2016: 216 million
o 2013: 210 million
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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19. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases.
Tropical diseases:
o 2015: 1.6 billion
o 2010: 2.0 billion
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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20. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases.
Unsafe drinking water,
unsafe sanitation, and lack
of hygiene are major
contributors to global
mortality.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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21. Health perspectives:
Sustainable Development
Goals
 Progress of Goal 3 in 2018:
Infectious diseases and non-
communicable diseases.
Causes of death:
2016: 32 million died due to
cardiovascular disease,
cancer, diabetes or chronic
respiratory disease
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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22. Health perspectives: Emerging
Public Governance
 New Public Management
o Business or market model
as standard for
measuring government
success
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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23. Health perspectives: Emerging
Public Governance
 New Public Governance
o Values centered to
promote common good
o Emphasis in creating
government processes to
facilitate the generation of
implementable
agreements among a
wide-ranging
stakeholders.
Introduction to health and healthcare services
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24.  The ASEAN Economic
Community Blueprint cites
the need for training to:
o Promote and protect
consumer rights
o Understand how goods
and service promote
health competition
Key principles in healthcare training
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25.  The ASEAN Member
States need to:
o Identify training
opportunities
o Test and evaluate
healthcare module for
effective delivery
Key principles in healthcare training
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26. ASEAN context
 ASEAN countries have good
progress towards Universal
Health Care (UHC) due to
sustained political
commitments to endorse
universal healthcare
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27. ASEAN context
 Common barriers to Universal
Health Care (UHC) include
o Financial constraints
o Supply side constraints
o Ongoing studies in public
healthcare at different
stages have to address
non-communicable
diseases, infectious
diseases and re-
emergence of pandemic
infectious diseases
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28.  Key financial constraints:
o low levels of government
spending
o overall spending on
health
ASEAN context
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29.  Key point: Ensure
Universal Health Care
(UHC), government to
o safeguard health
budgets
o prioritize achievement
o prioritize maintenance of
UHC
ASEAN context
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30.  Lack of adequate
framework for detecting
and persecuting fraud and
anti-consumer conduct
o fraud
ASEAN context
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31.  Promoting healthy lifestyle
 Maximal health of ASEAN
community through healthy
lifestyle
 Ensure healthy lives and
promote wellbeing for all
ages
ASEAN context: New Health Agenda 2020
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32. ASEAN context: New Health Agenda 2020
 Respond to hazards and
emerging threats
 Promote resilient health
system in response to:
o communicable diseases
o infectious diseases
o neglected tropical
diseases
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33.  Respond to environment
health on
o threats
o hazards
o disasters
 Ensure preparedness for
disaster health
management in the region
ASEAN context: New Health Agenda 2020
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34.  Strengthening health
system and access to care
 ASEAN community has
access to essential health
care, safe and good quality
medical products, including
traditional and
complementary medicines
 Achieved the unfinished
health priorities related
MDGs, in the light of SDGs
ASEAN context: New Health Agenda 2020
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35.  Ensuring food safety
o promote access to safe
food, safe drinking water
and sanitation
ASEAN context: New health agenda 2020
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36.  The Regulation of public
and private hospitals
 Laws, rules, codes and
practices of healthcare
goods and services
 Regulation of traditional
medicine
 Medical Registration Acts
Liberalization of healthcare services
and professionals
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37.  Registration of medical
practitioners
 Establishment of traditional
Medicine Practitioners
Board
 Revocation of registration
and imposition of financial
penalties
 Regulation of healthcare
limited
Liberalization of healthcare services
and professionals
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38.  Lack of awareness among
consumers on laws that provide for
consumer redress
 Difficulty to access avenues for
redress: government agencies,
consumer groups, business
associations or professional
organizations that are mostly urban
based
 Filing procedures are technical and
time consuming
 Assistance from voluntary
organizations not easily accessible
Main challenges:
Implementation of redress mechanisms
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39. AMS should:
 Develop and implement
consumer policies, framework,
and laws.
 Enforce and monitor consumer
laws and codes of conduct.
 Establish and manage effective
redress mechanisms.
 Implement and evaluate
consumer protection programs
and mechanisms
Main challenges: Overcoming challenges
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40. AMS should:
 Develop and implement
awareness and educational
programs for consumer
protection.
 Undertake research and
development.
 Implement training programs.
Main challenges: Overcoming challenges
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