1. Healing the
Nurturers
yoga based mindfulness programs
for female trauma survivors

2. The Growing Epidemic:
Rise in Female Inmate Population
100,000
The number of
75,000
female inmates has
soared by over 50,000
500% between 1980
25,000
and 2000*
13,420 90,688
0
1980 2000
*Covington, Stephanie. “Women and the Criminal Justice System.” Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health 17, no. 4 (2007).

3. The Growing Epidemic:
1
The majority of
female inmates are
0.9
mothers, substance
abusers and report 0.8
a history of early
childhood trauma 0.7
77%-90% 13,420 80% 75%
and stress*
0.6 Early Childhood Trauma Substance Abuse Mothers
*Amnesty International. “Women in Prison: A Fact Sheet”, n.d.

4. women’s pathway to incarceration
Women offenders differ significantly from their male counterparts*
Involvement in crime is usually economically motivated
(driven by poverty/substance abuse)
*Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

5. women’s pathway to incarceration
Women offenders differ significantly from their male counterparts*
Involvement in crime is usually economically motivated
(driven by poverty/substance abuse)
More likely to share a history of physical and sexual abuse
*Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

6. women’s pathway to incarceration
Women offenders differ significantly from their male counterparts*
Involvement in crime is usually economically motivated
(driven by poverty/substance abuse)
More likely to share a history of physical and sexual abuse
Less likely to be convicted of a violent offenses
*Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

7. women’s pathway to incarceration
Women offenders differ significantly from their male counterparts*
Involvement in crime is usually economically motivated
(driven by poverty/substance abuse)
More likely to share a history of physical and sexual abuse
Less likely to be convicted of a violent offenses
Face gender-specific adversities: sexual abuse, domestic
violence, sexual assault and poverty
*Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

8. understanding the
link
Incarceration substance abuse childhood trauma

9. understanding the
link
substance abuse childhood trauma

10. roots in early life
childhood trauma

11. psychosocial
experience
childhood trauma

12. childhood trauma
interpersonal traumas

13. childhood trauma
interpersonal traumas
adverse childhood experiences

14. adverse childhood experiences

15. adverse childhood experiences
sexual abuse

16. adverse childhood experiences
sexual abuse
physical abuse

17. adverse childhood experiences
sexual abuse
physical abuse
emotional abuse

18. e t r a
b
adverse childhood experiences
sexual abuse
l
physical abuse
a
emotional abuse
y

19. growing up in a household with:

20. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user

21. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user
a member who is mentally ill

22. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user
a member who is mentally ill
...chronically depressed

23. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user
a member who is mentally ill
...chronically depressed
...or institutionalized

24. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user
a member who is mentally ill
...chronically depressed
...or institutionalized
violence toward the mother

25. growing up in a household with:
an alcoholic or drug user
a member who is mentally ill
...chronically depressed
...or institutionalized
violence toward the mother
both biologic parents not being present

26. n m e
v ir o growing up in a household with:
e n l
a
an alcoholic or drug user
n t a member who is mentally ill
s
...chronically depressed
tr e s ...or institutionalized
is
violence toward the mother
d both biologic parents not being present
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

27. ACE and addiction
the more instances of ace
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

28. ACE and addiction
the more instances of ace
the higher the likelihood of
addiction
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

29. ACE and addiction
the more instances of ace
6 ace 250% increase of smoking
the higher the likelihood of
addiction
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

30. ACE and addiction
the more instances of ace
6 ace 250% increase of smoking
4+ ace 500% increase of alcoholism
the higher the likelihood of
addiction
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

31. ACE and addiction
the more instances of ace
6 ace 250% increase of smoking
4+ ace 500% increase of alcoholism
6+ ace 4600% increase IV drug use
the higher the likelihood of
addiction
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

32. How does it happen?
Perceived or actual
threat to survival
Jaak Panksepp, Brian Knutson, and Jeff Burgdorf. “The Role of Brain Emotional Systems in Addictions: a Neuro-evolutionary Perspective and New ‘self-report’ Animal Model.” Society for the Study of
Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs, no. 97 (2002): 459–469.

33. eri ence
b er s Exp
Re mem
Brain
Steven F. Maier, PhD, Jose Amat, PhD, Michael V. Baratta, MA, Even Paul, BA, and Linda R. Watkins, PhD. “Behavioral Control, the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Resilience”, 2006.

34. Update Software
eri ence
b er s Exp
Re mem
Brain

35. Update Software
eri ence
b er s Exp
Re mem
Brain

36. Update Software
eri ence
b er s Exp
Re mem
Brain

37. Update Software
eri ence
b er s Exp
Re mem
Brain
New Neur
al Circuitry
Levine, Peter A., and Ann Frederick. Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma. Edited by Ann Frederick. First. North Atlantic Books, 1997.

38. how does it happen?
Original stresser is
inescapable

41. many later stressers are
escapable but we work
on old programming

45. many stressors in adult
life are percieved.
Children can be chief
among them

46. Naparstek, Belleruth. Invisible Heroes: Survivors of Trauma and How They Heal. Bantam, 2005.
Rothschild, Babette. The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment. 1st ed. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
Levine, Peter A., and Ann Frederick. Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma. Edited by Ann Frederick. First. North Atlantic Books, 1997.

47. when changes in the brain occur...
even a stressor that is
perceived or controllable will
feel inescapable and life
threatening*
Steven F. Maier, PhD, Jose Amat, PhD, Michael V. Baratta, MA, Even Paul, BA, and Linda R. Watkins, PhD. “Behavioral Control, the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Resilience”, 2006.

48. The Mind/Body Connection
Neural responses create sensation in the body.
Sensations correlate to emotions that are judged as
“negative” and resisted
*Rothschild, Babette. The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment. 1st ed. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.

49. The Mind/Body Connection
system responds

50. The Mind/Body Connection
sensation felt in body

51. The Mind/Body Connection
emotions judged
and resisted

52. The Mind/Body Connection
resistance of emotion creates more response/sensation
Rothschild, Babette. The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment. 1st ed. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.
Naparstek, Belleruth. Invisible Heroes: Survivors of Trauma and How They Heal. Bantam, 2005.

53. closed system is created
Naparstek, Belleruth. Invisible Heroes: Survivors of Trauma and How They Heal. Bantam, 2005.

54. Hyper Arousal
Dissociation
Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

55. Vincent J. Felitti, MD. “The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.” Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie 52 (2003): 547–559.

56. Covington, Stephanie. “Women and the Criminal Justice System.” Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health 17, no. 4 (2007).

57. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
elements that very often
coincide are addiction,
lack of healthy
relationships and
trauma. Thus the need
for gender responsive
programming
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

58. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

59. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
theory of women’s psychological development
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

60. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
theory of women’s psychological development
Theory of trauma
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

61. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

62. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
• stigma (extreme social disapproval) is the main
psychosocial difference between male/female addicts
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

63. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
• stigma (extreme social disapproval) is the main
psychosocial difference between male/female addicts
• fear of losing children lead women toward denial
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

64. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
• stigma (extreme social disapproval) is the main
psychosocial difference between male/female addicts
• fear of losing children lead women toward denial
• addicted women have diminished sense of self worth
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

65. gender responsive model
integrates three theoretical approaches:
Theory of addiction
• stigma (extreme social disapproval) is the main
psychosocial difference between male/female addicts
• fear of losing children lead women toward denial
• addicted women have diminished sense of self worth
• chronic neglect of self over someone or something else
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

66. gender responsive model
women need to shift from chronic neglect of self to
healthy care of self in order to grow and recover
theory of women’s psychological development Levine, Peter A. Healing Trauma. Sounds True, Incorporated, 2006.
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

67. gender responsive model
women need to shift from chronic neglect of self to
healthy care of self in order to grow and recover
theory of women’s psychological development
• connection is the guiding principle of growth for women
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

68. gender responsive model
women need to shift from chronic neglect of self to
healthy care of self in order to grow and recover
theory of women’s psychological development
• connection is the guiding principle of growth for women
• women develop a sense of self and self-worth when their
actions arise from and lead back to connection with others
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

69. gender responsive model
women need to shift from chronic neglect of self to
healthy care of self in order to grow and recover
theory of women’s psychological development
• connection is the guiding principle of growth for women
• women develop a sense of self and self-worth when their
actions arise from and lead back to connection with others
• women’s psychological problems can be traced to
disconnection or violations within relationships, families
or society at large
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

70. gender responsive model
women need to shift from chronic neglect of self to
healthy care of self in order to grow and recover
theory of women’s psychological development
• connection is the guiding principle of growth for women
• women develop a sense of self and self-worth when their
actions arise from and lead back to connection with others
• women’s psychological problems can be traced to
disconnection or violations within relationships, families
or society at large
• critical to women’s growth and recovery are
environments where they can experience relationships that
are:
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

71. gender responsive model
Mutual empathetic
each person in ability to join
a relationship with another
can reveal his at a cognitive
or her feelings and affective
and perceptions level without
and be moved by losing
the feelings and connection
perceptions of with one’s own
another. There experience
is mutual
influence and
responsiveness
Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. 2nd ed. Beacon Press, 1987.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

72. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

73. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

74. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
• both sexes are at risk of early abuse, but women are at
greater risk for later in life interpersonal violence
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

75. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
• both sexes are at risk of early abuse, but women are at
greater risk for later in life interpersonal violence
• first stage of trauma recovery is safety (in bodies and with other people)
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

76. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
• both sexes are at risk of early abuse, but women are at
greater risk for later in life interpersonal violence
• first stage of trauma recovery is safety (in bodies and with other people)
• focuses on caring for oneself in the present
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

77. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
• both sexes are at risk of early abuse, but women are at
greater risk for later in life interpersonal violence
• first stage of trauma recovery is safety (in bodies and with other people)
• focuses on caring for oneself in the present
• homogenous groups (including facilitator)
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

78. gender responsive model
Theory of trauma
• history of abuse drastically increases the likelihood of
health risk behaviors in women
• both sexes are at risk of early abuse, but women are at
greater risk for later in life interpersonal violence
• first stage of trauma recovery is safety (in bodies and with other people)
• focuses on caring for oneself in the present
• homogenous groups (including facilitator)
• supported, structured, consistent environment
Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. 14tth printing. Basic Books, 1997.
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

79. gender responsive model
informed, mutual, safe and
empathetic relationships
that foster shared growth,
empowerment and
compassion for self and
others
Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. “Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Responsive Treatment.” The Handbook of Addiction Treatment for Women: Theory and Practice (2002).

80. Integrated Mindfulness Therapies
“an explicit emphasis on using
all of one’s inner and outer life
as a laboratory to empirically
explore which behaviors lead
to suffering and which lead to
happiness”
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

81. Trauma survivors do not
feel safe in, and lose
connection with the body

82. sensations are understood
as emotion and emotion
become the experience
FEAR
GUILT
SHAME
GRIEF
HOPELESS

83. sensations are understood
as emotion and emotion
become our experience
FEAR
GUILT
SHAME
GRIEF
HOPELESS

84. a profound feeling of
helplessness takes creates
action that is disproportionate
FEAR
GUILT
SHAME
GRIEF
HOPELESS

85. actions lead to judgment of
self and despair which
continues the cycle
FEAR
GUILT
SHAME
GRIEF
HOPELESS

86. self compassion
“...an important
construct that moderates reactions
to distressing situations involving
failure, rejection, embarrassment,
and other negative events.
Self-compassion [is] associated with
lower negative emotions in
the face of real, remembered, and
imagined events and with
patterns of thoughts that generally
facilitate people’s ability to
cope with negative events.”
Leary, Mark R., Eleanor B. Tate, Ashley Batts Allen, Claire E. Adams, and Jessica Hancock. “Self-Compassion and Reactions to Unpleasant Self-Relevant Events: The Implications of
Treating Oneself Kindly”, n.d.

87. four foundations of
Mindfulness
awareness of the body
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

88. four foundations of
Mindfulness
awareness of the body
awareness of feeling tone
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

89. four foundations of
Mindfulness
awareness of the body
awareness of feeling tone
awareness of mental states
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

90. four foundations of
Mindfulness
awareness of the body
awareness of feeling tone
awareness of mental states
awareness of mental contents
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

91. four foundations of
Mindfulness
awareness of the body
awareness of feeling tone
awareness of mental states
awareness of mental contents
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

92. integrated mindfulness
therapies
allow for insights to
arise from first hand
experience.
awareness - judgment + practice + awareness =
Margaret Cullen. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon.” Springer Science+Business Media (2011).

93. NO SPACE

94. MORE SPACE

95. EVEN MORE SPACE

98. Perspective

99. Perspective
Creativity

100. Perspective
Creativity
Confidence

101. Perspective
Creativity
Confidence
Compassion

102. Perspective
Creativity
Confidence
Compassion
Communication

103. 1. Group Discussion
2. Breathing for Space
3. Asana and Guided Meditation

104. 1. Group Discussion
2. Breathing for Space
3. Asana and Meditation

105. “After the first
session, I
experienced my
first pain free day
in 20 years.” -JT

107. “I slept through
the night for the
first time since
being here.” -KD

109. “I called home
and my sister
told me
something I
didn’t like about
my son and his
father. The
normal reaction
would be to go
from 0 to 100.
You know this
yoga thing is
working. I’m just
going to breathe.
It prevents you
from going from
0 to 100.” CS

111. “My headaches
are not as intense
as they used to
be.” CS

113. “I use the breath
with my 3 ½ year
old son.
“He wants to lose
it. I say breathe.
And he breathes
and calms
down.”

115. “We talked about
guilt and shame
and how it feels
to experience
those emotions in
our body. It is
okay to go from 0
to 100.
Recognizing it is
important.”

117. “I wanted to
reach across the
table and grab
her by the throat
but I told myself
to breath and felt
my body
sensations
changing. I can
not thank you
enough for
coming in here
and teaching me
how to do this. I
know I’m in here
because I didn’t
know how to
calm myself
before.”

119. “for so long I just
got used to
carrying these
feelings around
with me, and
now I can feel
them softening.”

121. “You have
helped me
separate
myself from
the stress, and
have given
me the
opportunity
to create my
own space.”

123. “When I'm in
my room,
I try to do the
breathing
exercises when
I'm feeling
stressed and it
really helps
me. I already
spoke to
another
pregnant
woman about
joining it later."

124. as women we can help each other
recognize and value our innate gifts
and abilities. by growing and
recovering together we can create
change in our society and effect the
next generation.
Claudia Liebl, Markus Panhuysen, Benno Putz, Dietrich Trumback, Wolfgang Wurst, Jan M. Deussing, Marianne B. Muller, and Mathias V. Schmidt. “Gene Expression Profi Ling Following Maternal
Deprivation: Involvement of the Brain Renin-angiotensin System.” Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 2 (2009).
Jaak Panksepp, Brian Knutson, and Jeff Burgdorf. “The Role of Brain Emotional Systems in Addictions: a Neuro-evolutionary Perspective and New ‘self-report’ Animal Model.” Society for the Study of
Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs, no. 97 (2002): 459–469.