Harleston Village is Charleston's second oldest residential suburb, located in the center of the Charleston peninsula. It was established in the late 17th century on land left to Affra Harleston Coming. In 1770, John Harleston divided the village into gridded streets named after American patriots. Over time, the village became home to many free black residents, professors, and intellectuals. In the late 19th century, Bennett Mill Pond was filled, allowing for development and the creation of Cannon Park. Today, Harleston Village contains many historic homes and buildings representing a variety of architectural styles, and is governed by the city's historic preservation regulations.
This document provides background on the origins and history of the Vance Avenue Community Transformation Plan in Memphis, Tennessee. It summarizes that (1) Vance Avenue was once Memphis' most iconic historic African American neighborhood but faced decline after much of it was demolished through urban renewal projects from 1935-1968; (2) residents and organizations formed the Vance Avenue Collaborative in 2009 to promote community-led revitalization; and (3) this preliminary draft transformation plan was created with input from community stakeholders to realize Dr. King's vision of a "beloved community" and address the neighborhood's current challenges.
The document provides information about Washington D.C., including its history, geography, demographics, planning, infrastructure, transportation, and water supply. Key points include:
- Washington D.C. was designed by Pierre L'Enfant in the Baroque style with avenues radiating out from rectangles to allow for open spaces.
- It has a total area of 68.3 square miles and a population of around 601,723 as of 2010.
- Transportation includes the Metro rail system and bus network, with many residents commuting by public transit.
- Infrastructure encompasses the three branches of the federal government and many national museums and embassies.
Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States located between Maryland and Virginia. It was established in 1790 and named after George Washington. The city has a total area of 68.3 square miles with a population of over 600,000. As the seat of the U.S. federal government, many of the city's most prominent buildings and monuments are located along the National Mall, including the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. The city uses a grid street system laid out by Pierre L'Enfant in the 18th century.
Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States, located on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia. It was founded in 1790 and named after George Washington. The city has a unique status as a federal district controlled by Congress, not a state. Pierre L'Enfant designed the city layout with broad avenues radiating outward from important buildings like the White House and Capitol. Over time the city has expanded its borders and transportation network while maintaining the original Baroque-style design principles.
The document provides a history of Washington D.C. from its founding in 1791 to the present. It discusses how the city was established as the capital based on plans by Pierre L'Enfant and Andrew Ellicott after the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 emphasized the need for an independent capital. The early history from 1791-1800 saw the initial construction of the White House and Capitol Building. From 1800-1860 the city grew gradually with more governmental buildings as well as the emergence of the Mall as a civic space. The period from 1860-1900 was a time of massive infrastructure investment and population growth, turning Washington into an urban center.
Shaun Vembutty, owner of Ashton Gray Development and previous partner of Square Stone Homes believes that the town center may attract more retailers to the area. Indeed, Rosenberg’s business-friendly environment has been key to the incredible growth the City has experienced over the course of the past ten years. This, coupled with its strategic location and convenient access to the ports of Freeport and Houston makes Rosenberg ideal for anyone seeking small town life and opportunity at the same time.
Washington DC is the capital city of the United States, located on the Potomac River. It is known for its many parks, wide streets, and impressive buildings like the White House and Capitol building. The White House is the official residence of the President and is situated at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, containing rooms like the East Room, Green Room, and Blue Room used for receptions. Other landmarks include memorials to presidents as well as the Library of Congress and National Gallery of Art.
Urban Design:of washington DC,River front developmentRavi Varma reddy
The document summarizes the urban design of Washington D.C., focusing on its riverfront development and security plans. It describes the original design of the city by Pierre L'Enfant, highlighting landmarks like the White House, Capitol Building, National Mall, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial and Jefferson Memorial. It also discusses the Yards Park riverfront redevelopment and the National Capital Urban Design and Security Plan's proposals to enhance security while maintaining the city's historic character through design elements like street furniture and landscaping.
This document provides background on the origins and history of the Vance Avenue Community Transformation Plan in Memphis, Tennessee. It summarizes that (1) Vance Avenue was once Memphis' most iconic historic African American neighborhood but faced decline after much of it was demolished through urban renewal projects from 1935-1968; (2) residents and organizations formed the Vance Avenue Collaborative in 2009 to promote community-led revitalization; and (3) this preliminary draft transformation plan was created with input from community stakeholders to realize Dr. King's vision of a "beloved community" and address the neighborhood's current challenges.
The document provides information about Washington D.C., including its history, geography, demographics, planning, infrastructure, transportation, and water supply. Key points include:
- Washington D.C. was designed by Pierre L'Enfant in the Baroque style with avenues radiating out from rectangles to allow for open spaces.
- It has a total area of 68.3 square miles and a population of around 601,723 as of 2010.
- Transportation includes the Metro rail system and bus network, with many residents commuting by public transit.
- Infrastructure encompasses the three branches of the federal government and many national museums and embassies.
Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States located between Maryland and Virginia. It was established in 1790 and named after George Washington. The city has a total area of 68.3 square miles with a population of over 600,000. As the seat of the U.S. federal government, many of the city's most prominent buildings and monuments are located along the National Mall, including the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. The city uses a grid street system laid out by Pierre L'Enfant in the 18th century.
Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States, located on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia. It was founded in 1790 and named after George Washington. The city has a unique status as a federal district controlled by Congress, not a state. Pierre L'Enfant designed the city layout with broad avenues radiating outward from important buildings like the White House and Capitol. Over time the city has expanded its borders and transportation network while maintaining the original Baroque-style design principles.
The document provides a history of Washington D.C. from its founding in 1791 to the present. It discusses how the city was established as the capital based on plans by Pierre L'Enfant and Andrew Ellicott after the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 emphasized the need for an independent capital. The early history from 1791-1800 saw the initial construction of the White House and Capitol Building. From 1800-1860 the city grew gradually with more governmental buildings as well as the emergence of the Mall as a civic space. The period from 1860-1900 was a time of massive infrastructure investment and population growth, turning Washington into an urban center.
Shaun Vembutty, owner of Ashton Gray Development and previous partner of Square Stone Homes believes that the town center may attract more retailers to the area. Indeed, Rosenberg’s business-friendly environment has been key to the incredible growth the City has experienced over the course of the past ten years. This, coupled with its strategic location and convenient access to the ports of Freeport and Houston makes Rosenberg ideal for anyone seeking small town life and opportunity at the same time.
Washington DC is the capital city of the United States, located on the Potomac River. It is known for its many parks, wide streets, and impressive buildings like the White House and Capitol building. The White House is the official residence of the President and is situated at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, containing rooms like the East Room, Green Room, and Blue Room used for receptions. Other landmarks include memorials to presidents as well as the Library of Congress and National Gallery of Art.
Urban Design:of washington DC,River front developmentRavi Varma reddy
The document summarizes the urban design of Washington D.C., focusing on its riverfront development and security plans. It describes the original design of the city by Pierre L'Enfant, highlighting landmarks like the White House, Capitol Building, National Mall, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial and Jefferson Memorial. It also discusses the Yards Park riverfront redevelopment and the National Capital Urban Design and Security Plan's proposals to enhance security while maintaining the city's historic character through design elements like street furniture and landscaping.
A Revitalization Plan for the City of Wilkes-Barre MeghanFlanaganPSU
Here is the Revitalization Plan that the City of Wilkes-Barre submitted on our November 6th deadline for the America's Best Communities competition! #ABC50
The Panhandle is a narrow strip of land in San Francisco that has played an important role in the city's physical and cultural history. It began as an experimental area for Golden Gate Park's landscaping in the 1860s. In the 1960s, the Panhandle was the site of protests against a proposed freeway and became a center of the counterculture movement. It helped spark debates over urban planning and cultural values that spread nationwide. Though now simply seen as part of Golden Gate Park, the Panhandle has significantly influenced the development of San Francisco and broader social change in the United States.
The Burton Street Community in Asheville, NC was founded in 1912 by civic leader E.W. Pearson as one of the first African-American neighborhoods in the city. It was initially seen as a rural area with farms and livestock. Pearson had a profound impact through his civil rights work and establishing the annual Buncombe County agricultural fair. The neighborhood school was a focal point of the community until closing in the 1970s, after which the neighborhood began to decline due to abandoned homes and drug issues. In recent years funding has supported revitalization efforts including renovating the community center and implementing traffic calming measures.
Gabriel Furman was a historian, writer, lawyer and politician born in 1800 in Brooklyn when it was a small town. He helped establish many municipal services and institutions that helped Brooklyn grow. By the time of his death in 1854, Brooklyn had over 100,000 residents and was becoming a major city, growing from its origins as a Dutch farming settlement consolidated with New York City in 1898.
This document provides a summary of the history of Brooklyn Centre from 1812 to 2012. It describes how Brooklyn was first settled in 1812 along an American Indian trail and how the Township of Brooklyn was established in 1818. By the mid-1800s, Brooklyn had become a self-sufficient village. In 1894, it was annexed by Cleveland and developed rapidly with new infrastructure improvements. The document highlights some of the early settlers and families, architectural styles of historic homes, and transportation routes that shaped the development of Brooklyn Centre over the past 200 years.
Este documento resume las teorías del constructivismo de Piaget y Vygotsky, así como los aportes de Ausubel. Explica que el constructivismo se basa en que los estudiantes aprenden a través de la experimentación y especulación sobre sus propias experiencias. También describe los roles del docente y estudiante en un enfoque constructivista, enfocándose en la participación activa, interacción, pensamiento crítico y validación de conocimientos previos.
This document provides information on digital media sectors, products, platforms and devices. It lists various online games, audio platforms like radio and audiobooks, video platforms like YouTube, and publishing platforms for ebooks and newspapers. It defines synergy, types of digital media, analog vs digital media, digital media platforms and their audiences. It also defines digital media devices and lists laptops as devices that can access digital media like movies, music, games and social media.
This document discusses the possibility of combining food studies and Italian studies in an interdisciplinary university course. It outlines several presentations on topics related to food and culture in Italy. It then describes the proposed course, which would cover the history of food in Italy, contemporary food issues, basic Italian recipes, and connections to local food producers. Students would develop language skills related to food, take part in cooking labs, conduct research, and give presentations. The course aims to teach about Italian culture and food traditions while developing critical thinking skills around issues like industrial agriculture and consumerism.
Transcendent Transparency—How to Win Customers And Keep Employees HappyScott Maurice
With the wealth of information available on the Internet, it is more important than ever for businesses to cultivate good faith amongst their stakeholders and employees.
Wayne Bassett is a male actor based in Brisbane, Australia. He is 35-45 years old, 165cm tall, with light brown hair and hazel eyes. He has experience in film, television, theater, and commercial work. His credits include roles in films, television shows, commercials, and theater productions. He has also done training workshops in areas like accents, audition techniques, and simulated medical exams.
Agfa HealthCare is a leading global provider of eHealth and digital imaging solutions present in over 100 countries. It has over 4,400 employees worldwide and is focused on enabling its customers to deliver quality healthcare while achieving efficiency gains. Agfa HealthCare's portfolio includes enterprise imaging, integrated care, hospital IT, and radiography solutions. Its vision is to enable superior patient care through synergies of imaging, IT, and clinical knowledge.
The document provides information about The Crew Production, a company based in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India that specializes in arranging film, television, and event productions in Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Crew Production offers location scouting, transportation, catering, accommodation, artist coordination, permissions, and other services to support film/TV/event productions. They have experience arranging shoots for films, advertisements, documentaries, photoshoots, music videos, and events.
Tarea 3. búsqueda de un texto completo usLuzalonso_
El documento describe los pasos tomados para encontrar el texto completo de dos artículos seleccionados, incluyendo visitar sitios web de bibliotecas, usar operadores de búsqueda booleanos, buscar revistas en catálogos en línea y verificar la disponibilidad física de los artículos en la biblioteca universitaria.
El documento describe varios recursos web 2.0 como fuentes en constante expansión para su uso en educación, incluyendo blogs, wikis, servicios de almacenamiento en la nube, videos, herramientas de diagramación, redes sociales y plataformas de aprendizaje en línea que permiten la comunicación y colaboración entre usuarios.
El documento explica la herramienta de análisis DOFA, la cual evalúa las debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas de una empresa. La DOFA identifica factores internos como las debilidades y fortalezas de la empresa, así como factores externos como las oportunidades y amenazas del entorno. El análisis DOFA permite diagnosticar la situación real de una empresa y desarrollar estrategias.
El documento habla sobre el monotributo en Argentina. El monotributo permite que pequeños contribuyentes se inscriban en la AFIP y paguen impuestos simplificados, a la vez que obtienen obra social y jubilación. Pueden ser monotributistas personas físicas que realizan ventas, locaciones o prestaciones de servicios, siempre que sus ingresos brutos anuales no superen los $200.000 para servicios o $300.000 para ventas.
La problemática se refiere a acciones ilegales que las personas realizan para obtener dinero o vengarse de otros de forma inocente. La problemática afecta a la sociedad de diferentes maneras y los jóvenes a menudo quieren participar a pesar de que se les advierte que no deben hacerlo.
A Revitalization Plan for the City of Wilkes-Barre MeghanFlanaganPSU
Here is the Revitalization Plan that the City of Wilkes-Barre submitted on our November 6th deadline for the America's Best Communities competition! #ABC50
The Panhandle is a narrow strip of land in San Francisco that has played an important role in the city's physical and cultural history. It began as an experimental area for Golden Gate Park's landscaping in the 1860s. In the 1960s, the Panhandle was the site of protests against a proposed freeway and became a center of the counterculture movement. It helped spark debates over urban planning and cultural values that spread nationwide. Though now simply seen as part of Golden Gate Park, the Panhandle has significantly influenced the development of San Francisco and broader social change in the United States.
The Burton Street Community in Asheville, NC was founded in 1912 by civic leader E.W. Pearson as one of the first African-American neighborhoods in the city. It was initially seen as a rural area with farms and livestock. Pearson had a profound impact through his civil rights work and establishing the annual Buncombe County agricultural fair. The neighborhood school was a focal point of the community until closing in the 1970s, after which the neighborhood began to decline due to abandoned homes and drug issues. In recent years funding has supported revitalization efforts including renovating the community center and implementing traffic calming measures.
Gabriel Furman was a historian, writer, lawyer and politician born in 1800 in Brooklyn when it was a small town. He helped establish many municipal services and institutions that helped Brooklyn grow. By the time of his death in 1854, Brooklyn had over 100,000 residents and was becoming a major city, growing from its origins as a Dutch farming settlement consolidated with New York City in 1898.
This document provides a summary of the history of Brooklyn Centre from 1812 to 2012. It describes how Brooklyn was first settled in 1812 along an American Indian trail and how the Township of Brooklyn was established in 1818. By the mid-1800s, Brooklyn had become a self-sufficient village. In 1894, it was annexed by Cleveland and developed rapidly with new infrastructure improvements. The document highlights some of the early settlers and families, architectural styles of historic homes, and transportation routes that shaped the development of Brooklyn Centre over the past 200 years.
Este documento resume las teorías del constructivismo de Piaget y Vygotsky, así como los aportes de Ausubel. Explica que el constructivismo se basa en que los estudiantes aprenden a través de la experimentación y especulación sobre sus propias experiencias. También describe los roles del docente y estudiante en un enfoque constructivista, enfocándose en la participación activa, interacción, pensamiento crítico y validación de conocimientos previos.
This document provides information on digital media sectors, products, platforms and devices. It lists various online games, audio platforms like radio and audiobooks, video platforms like YouTube, and publishing platforms for ebooks and newspapers. It defines synergy, types of digital media, analog vs digital media, digital media platforms and their audiences. It also defines digital media devices and lists laptops as devices that can access digital media like movies, music, games and social media.
This document discusses the possibility of combining food studies and Italian studies in an interdisciplinary university course. It outlines several presentations on topics related to food and culture in Italy. It then describes the proposed course, which would cover the history of food in Italy, contemporary food issues, basic Italian recipes, and connections to local food producers. Students would develop language skills related to food, take part in cooking labs, conduct research, and give presentations. The course aims to teach about Italian culture and food traditions while developing critical thinking skills around issues like industrial agriculture and consumerism.
Transcendent Transparency—How to Win Customers And Keep Employees HappyScott Maurice
With the wealth of information available on the Internet, it is more important than ever for businesses to cultivate good faith amongst their stakeholders and employees.
Wayne Bassett is a male actor based in Brisbane, Australia. He is 35-45 years old, 165cm tall, with light brown hair and hazel eyes. He has experience in film, television, theater, and commercial work. His credits include roles in films, television shows, commercials, and theater productions. He has also done training workshops in areas like accents, audition techniques, and simulated medical exams.
Agfa HealthCare is a leading global provider of eHealth and digital imaging solutions present in over 100 countries. It has over 4,400 employees worldwide and is focused on enabling its customers to deliver quality healthcare while achieving efficiency gains. Agfa HealthCare's portfolio includes enterprise imaging, integrated care, hospital IT, and radiography solutions. Its vision is to enable superior patient care through synergies of imaging, IT, and clinical knowledge.
The document provides information about The Crew Production, a company based in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India that specializes in arranging film, television, and event productions in Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Crew Production offers location scouting, transportation, catering, accommodation, artist coordination, permissions, and other services to support film/TV/event productions. They have experience arranging shoots for films, advertisements, documentaries, photoshoots, music videos, and events.
Tarea 3. búsqueda de un texto completo usLuzalonso_
El documento describe los pasos tomados para encontrar el texto completo de dos artículos seleccionados, incluyendo visitar sitios web de bibliotecas, usar operadores de búsqueda booleanos, buscar revistas en catálogos en línea y verificar la disponibilidad física de los artículos en la biblioteca universitaria.
El documento describe varios recursos web 2.0 como fuentes en constante expansión para su uso en educación, incluyendo blogs, wikis, servicios de almacenamiento en la nube, videos, herramientas de diagramación, redes sociales y plataformas de aprendizaje en línea que permiten la comunicación y colaboración entre usuarios.
El documento explica la herramienta de análisis DOFA, la cual evalúa las debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas de una empresa. La DOFA identifica factores internos como las debilidades y fortalezas de la empresa, así como factores externos como las oportunidades y amenazas del entorno. El análisis DOFA permite diagnosticar la situación real de una empresa y desarrollar estrategias.
El documento habla sobre el monotributo en Argentina. El monotributo permite que pequeños contribuyentes se inscriban en la AFIP y paguen impuestos simplificados, a la vez que obtienen obra social y jubilación. Pueden ser monotributistas personas físicas que realizan ventas, locaciones o prestaciones de servicios, siempre que sus ingresos brutos anuales no superen los $200.000 para servicios o $300.000 para ventas.
La problemática se refiere a acciones ilegales que las personas realizan para obtener dinero o vengarse de otros de forma inocente. La problemática afecta a la sociedad de diferentes maneras y los jóvenes a menudo quieren participar a pesar de que se les advierte que no deben hacerlo.
El Día de Muertos en México se celebra el 1 y 2 de noviembre. Las familias visitan las tumbas de sus seres queridos en los cementerios, limpian y decoran las lápidas con flores. También construyen altares en sus casas con fotos, comida y objetos favoritos de los difuntos para honrarlos y creer que regresan ese día. Estas tradiciones prehispánicas se han mantenido a través de las generaciones a pesar de influencias externas. Los cementerios se llenan de vida con personas que comp
Este documento describe varias celebraciones y tradiciones de diciembre a febrero en México. Incluye las Posadas, Navidad, Día de los Inocentes, Día de Reyes, Día de la Candelaría y Carnaval.
El documento pide a Dios que envíe personas locas comprometidas que se olviden de sí mismas y amen a los demás con pasión y entrega total. Solicita hombres que estén dispuestos a vivir en la inseguridad de la pobreza sin pretender superioridad, y que acepten cualquier tarea con libertad, espontaneidad y fortaleza.
Este documento describe el uso de contenedores de envío como viviendas. Explica que los contenedores se han utilizado para este propósito desde la década de 1980, y que empresas de construcción notaron una oportunidad en el reciclaje de contenedores en 2005. Detalla algunos países pioneros y las ventajas de usar contenedores, como su resistencia y bajo costo. También cubre el proceso de tratamiento de contenedores y empresas líderes en la construcción de casas contenedor.
This document discusses several early Black settlements in the United States, including Seneca Village in Manhattan, Weeksville in Brooklyn, and the Five Points District in New York City. It also briefly mentions freedmen's settlements that formed in eastern Texas after the Civil War, where former slaves sought land ownership, autonomy, and isolation from whites. The Black towns served as early communities for Black property owners and refugees from slavery, though some like Seneca Village were later destroyed.
Essays
BEVERLY
HILLS
sounl
PASADENA
sIII(
GABRIEL T
5
AUlAMBRll
IH6LfWOOD
NAWHORNE
wnm
SOUlH
GAIE
LYHWOOO
Fig. 1 Los Angeles freeway system, 1998. Map dates indicate opening
of first segment (from David Brodsly, L.A. Freeways: A n Appreciative
Essay [Berkeley: University of California Press, 198 I ] )
The Folklore of the Freeway:
Space, Culture, a n d Identity in Postwar
Los Angeles
E r i c R. Avila
Modern environments and experiences cut across all
boundaries of geography and ethnicity, of class a n d
nationality, of religion and ideology: in this sense,
modernity can be said to unite all mankind. But it
is a paradoxical unity, a unity of disunity: it pours
us all into a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration
a n d renewal, of struggle a n d contradiction, of am-
biguity a n d anguish. To be modern is to be part of
a universe in which, as Marx said “all that is solid
melts into air.”
-Marshall Berman, A21 That Is Solid Melts into Air
Man loves to create roads, that is beyond dispute.
But may it not be . . . that he is instinctively afraid
of attaining his goal and completing the edifice he
is constructing? How do you know, perhaps he only
likes that edifice from a distance and not a t all a t
close range, perhaps he only likes to build it, a n d
does not want to live in it.
-Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Notes f r o m the Underground
Los Angeles in the age of the freeway saw a profound trans-
formation in the shape of the city and the color of its inhabit-
a n t s . I t fulfilled i t s d e s t i n y by becoming t h e u l t i m a t e
“fragmented metropolis.”’ The acceleration of suburbanization,
coupled with the dramatic expansion of the city’s nonwhite
population (African Americans and Chicanos in particular) ,
created a regional geography splintered into isolated pockets
Aztlan 23:l Spring 1998 15
Avila
of race and class. A s the historic ethnic diversity of commu-
nities like Boyle Heights and Watts gave way to expanding
brown barrios and black ghettos, new communities sprouted
on the urban fringe, insulated from the racialized masses of
the inner city. This was not a n accident of poor planning. It
was, in fact, t h e intended consequence of homeowners,
realtors, developers, and government officials who sought to
preserve southern California’s legacy of building separate and
unequal communities.2
Various civic institutions of postwar Los Angeles under-
pinned the construction of suburban whiteness. Central to that
process was the freeway, which furthered the production of
white space within the larger urban region. The freeway did
not cause white flight, but it did sharpen the contrast between
white space and nonwhite space in the postwar urban region
by creating a conduit for capital flight away from downtown
and by wreaking havoc upon the inner-city communities of
East a n d South Central Los Angeles. Although many urban
historians ...
This report was conducted in order to assess the needs of the Pine Street District in Cambridge, MD. The findings were used to form the work plan and justification for one of Maryland\'s first "Maple Street" programs.
The Huntington Beach Public Library has served the community for over 100 years since its founding in 1909. It started as a small library housed in an old office building before receiving funds to build a Carnegie Library in 1913. The library continued to grow and move to larger facilities, including its current main location at the Central Library which opened in 1975 and was expanded in 1994. The library has adapted to serve the evolving needs of the community, such as adding branches and services for families and new residents. It has grown from a small collection in its first building to over 42,000 volumes housed at the Carnegie Library and continues striving to provide education, information, and culture to Huntington Beach.
Charleston, South Carolina is known as "The Holy City" due to the many churches throughout the city, particularly the steeples that dot the skyline. It also earned this name because it was one of the few cities in the original 13 colonies that provided religious tolerance, though restricted to non-Catholics. Charleston has a long history dating back to its founding in 1670 and was an important city in the Civil War, experiencing damage but not falling until 1865. Today, Charleston emphasizes preservation of its historical architecture and sites and has worked to revitalize its economy since struggling for much of the 20th century.
Essays
BEVERLY
HILLS
sounl
PASADENA
sIII(
GABRIEL T
5
AUlAMBRll
IH6LfWOOD
NAWHORNE
wnm
SOUlH
GAIE
LYHWOOO
Fig. 1 Los Angeles freeway system, 1998. Map dates indicate opening
of first segment (from David Brodsly, L.A. Freeways: An Appreciative
Essay [Berkeley: University of California Press, 198 I ] )
The Folklore of the Freeway:
Space, Culture, and Identity in Postwar
Los Angeles
Eric R. Avila
Modern environments and experiences cut across all
boundaries of geography and ethnicity, of class and
nationality, of religion and ideology: in this sense,
modernity can be said to unite all mankind. But it
is a paradoxical unity, a unity of disunity: it pours
us all into a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration
and renewal, of struggle and contradiction, of am-
biguity and anguish. To be modern is to be part of
a universe in which, as Marx said “all that is solid
melts into air.”
-Marshall Berman, A21 That Is Solid Melts into Air
Man loves to create roads, that is beyond dispute.
But may it not be . . . that he is instinctively afraid
of attaining his goal and completing the edifice he
is constructing? How do you know, perhaps he only
likes that edifice from a distance and not a t all a t
close range, perhaps he only likes to build it, and
does not want to live in it.
-Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Notes from the Underground
Los Angeles in the age of the freeway saw a profound trans-
formation in the shape of the city and the color of its inhabit-
an ts . I t fulfilled i ts destiny by becoming the ult imate
“fragmented metropolis.”’ The acceleration of suburbanization,
coupled with the dramatic expansion of the city’s nonwhite
population (African Americans and Chicanos in particular) ,
created a regional geography splintered into isolated pockets
Aztlan 23:l Spring 1998 15
Avila
of race and class. As the historic ethnic diversity of commu-
nities like Boyle Heights and Watts gave way to expanding
brown barrios and black ghettos, new communities sprouted
on the urban fringe, insulated from the racialized masses of
the inner city. This was not an accident of poor planning. It
was, in fact, the intended consequence of homeowners,
realtors, developers, and government officials who sought to
preserve southern California’s legacy of building separate and
unequal communities.2
Various civic institutions of postwar Los Angeles under-
pinned the construction of suburban whiteness. Central to that
process was the freeway, which furthered the production of
white space within the larger urban region. The freeway did
not cause white flight, but it did sharpen the contrast between
white space and nonwhite space in the postwar urban region
by creating a conduit for capital flight away from downtown
and by wreaking havoc upon the inner-city communities of
East and South Central Los Angeles. Although many urban
historians have traced the evolution of the freeway system and
it.
Atlanta Phoenix Project (MARTA Collection, GSU): Lot 9Fu80, Ashby and Hunter....Yosef Razin
This document summarizes the history of a 4 acre site in West Atlanta from pre-history to the 1970s. It describes how the land was originally part of Muscogee territory and was acquired by the Elliot family in the 1830s. By the late 19th century, the area saw development of houses and commercial buildings. In the early 20th century, it became a working class white neighborhood but shifted to a predominantly African American community after the 1917 fire. The area contained residential and commercial buildings until it was demolished in the 1970s for the construction of the MARTA rail system.
This document summarizes the history of West Palm Beach, Florida from its frontier years in the 1870s to the present day. It divides the city's history into 8 periods: frontier years, Flagler years, boom years, bust years, war years, prime time years, sprawl years, and the new century. During each period, it discusses things like pioneering families, Henry Flagler's development, booms and busts, wartime impacts, suburban expansion plans and agreements, and growth into the 21st century. The presentation was given in 2001 to a West Palm Beach neighborhood forum by an attorney.
1. Juan Jose Dominguez was awarded a vast 75,000 acre land grant in 1782, which he named Rancho San Pedro and encompassed what is now the South Bay region of Los Angeles. 2. The center of the rancho was the Dominguez Rancho homestead, located in what is now Dominguez Hills. 3. When the railroad was built in 1869 to connect Los Angeles to the port of San Pedro, it passed through the lands of Rancho San Pedro.
The Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is a California State Park of 670 acres.
Located in the city of Los Angeles, in Los Angeles County on the boundary between Ventura and Los Angeles counties, between the communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley
The first six years, 1969 to 1974 - Jan Hinkston and the founding of the SSMPA and FPSSM
The next 23 years, 1975 to 1998 –Land acquisitions culminating in the State Park designation, and volunteer efforts to educate the public about the park.
1986-A short clip from the “Santa Susana Where the Past is Present” promotional video.
1998 –A short video trailer from the 1998 dedication video, and a short clip of Jan Hinkston speaking at the dedication.
The next 25 years, 1998 to 2023 –The drive for improvements, Educational materials created by State Parks, and Volunteer efforts, in coordination with California State Parks, to maintain the park, train volunteers, and lead hikes.
A listing of Educational Resources
Appendix 1 - A History of The SSMPA by Jan Hinkston (up to 1973)
Appendix 2 - Acquisition Summary by Parcel (670 acres)
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Chatsworth Hills Homesteaders Part 1
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The-Texas-History-of-Logistics-by-Maria-BurnsMaria G. Burns
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2) The 19th century saw improvements to roads, railways, and waterways to boost the economy, with Houston becoming a major railroad hub connecting products to Galveston port.
3) The 1900 Galveston hurricane prioritized expanding the Port of Houston, leading to dredging of the Houston Ship Channel starting in 1914 to accommodate larger ships and make Houston a
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Logan Square is a community area and neighborhood located in northwest Chicago. It is named after General John A. Logan and was originally settled in the 1830s by pioneers like Martin Kimbell. Throughout its history, Logan Square has been home to many immigrant groups including Scandinavians, Poles, Jews, Latinos, and others. A notable landmark is the Illinois Centennial Memorial Column, erected in 1914 to commemorate the state's 100th anniversary. Lula Cafe is a renowned restaurant located in Logan Square that has received significant recognition for its farm-to-table menu and commitment to the local culinary community.
2. Harleston Village –Area Character Appraisal
Harleston Village is located in the heart of the Downtown Charleston
peninsula. Following the creation of the first Charleston suburb, Ansonborough, in
16961, Harleston Village was Charleston’s second and more prominent residential
suburb. Created from land granted to Henry Hughes and John Coming in 1961-622,
Harleston Village was built on the 17 acres of peninsular land left to Coming’s wife,
Affra Harleston Coming, following his death. This land covered the east portion to St.
Philip’s parish as “glebe” land (land titled to a church) while the northeastern
portion became the “Free School” lands which later became the College of
Charleston in the year of 17703. Harleston Village today includes these two sections
with the addition of the Mazyck lands located South of Beaufain St. and Wragg’s
pasture bound by St. Philip, King, Calhoun and Beaufain Streets. Affra Harleston
Coming died about the year of 1699. In her will, dated 28 Dec 1698, Affra
bequeathed her estate to her nephews John Harleston and Elias Ball, to be divided
equally between them4.
In 1770, John Harleston divided Harleston Village into lots along streets
which he named after important American Liberty men such as: American rights
1 "Ansonborough Real Estate | Charleston SC Homes for Sale." Ansonborough Charleston SC
Real Estate. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. <http://www.locountry.com/ansonborough.html>.
2 "CCPL - Charleston County Public Library - South, Carolina." CCPL - Charleston County
Public Library - South, Carolina.N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://ccpl.org/content.asp?id=15842&action=detail&catID=6062&parentID=6046>.
3 Poston, Jonathan H. The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecte. Columbia,
SC: U of South Carolina, 1997. Print.
4 "Affra Harleston." Low Country Africana Affra Harleston Comments. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov.
2014. <http://www.lowcountryafricana.com/affra-harleston/>.
3. defender William Pitt, South Carolina Assembly members John Rutledge, Thomas
Lynch, and Christopher Gadsden, and Customs Collector/member of the Governor’s
Council Hector Beringer De Beaufain. With the opening of Glebe Street in 1797, 37
lots became open for lease with most still in the hands of the perish. The present day
Glebe lands contain a few pre-revolutionary dwellings such as the Minister’s (now
Bishop’s) House on 89 Wentworth Street with only a few pre-1775 homes
remaining5.
As previously mentioned, Harleston Village is located on the central Eastern
side of the Charleston Peninsula. Harleston village is bounded on the North by the
South side of Calhoun Street and bounded on the South by the North side of Broad
Street. From the East, Harleston Village is bounded by the Western side of king
street and ends on the West at Lockwood Drive (the western edge of the peninsula).
In this relatively square area of the peninsula, 9 streets laid out in a grid style, run
through the center of the village. These include Wentworth, Montagu, and Bull
Streets running from the East to West, and Pitt, Coming, Smith, Rutledge, Lynch
(Now named Ashley), Gadsden, and Barre Streets running from the North to South6.
The neighborhood that is Harleston Village has evolved considerably over
the time of its existence. With the exception of its industrial history of Thomas
Bennett Sr. and Daniel Cannon’s lumber mill in the late 18th century on the western
side of the neighborhood, Harleston Village owes much of its development to its
5 Poston, Jonathan H. The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecte. Columbia,
SC: U of South Carolina, 1997. Print.
6 "The Downtown Charleston Neighborhoods: Harleston Village." Charleston SC Real Estate
Blog. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. <http://www.carolinajoe.com/blog/index.cfm/2010/6/9/The-
Downtown-Charleston-Neighborhoods---Part-1>.
4. diverse population. Harleston Village was built on the highest portion of land on the
peninsula and meant to be mainly residential. The College of Charleston attracted a
small professorial group to the neighborhood while Charleston’s antebellum
intellectuals also lived there including essayist and poet Hugh Swinton Legare,
author William Rivers, and progressive leader Christopher Gustavus Memminger.
Coming St., starting from the north of the peninsula and ending at Beaufain St.,
became the most popular street for Charleston’s “Free Black” (Mulatto Elites as they
called themselves) population in the years before 18617. The first census, in 1790,
found 8,089 white persons, 7,684 slaves, and 586 free blacks in Charleston. This
tells us that very early in Charleston's history free blacks constituted nearly 3.6% of
the city's population. By 1861 free blacks comprised 7.8% of Charleston's
population8. This growing population of free blacks before the Civil War shows how
progressive of a city Charleston was and added a lot to its diversity and culture
compared to any other South Carolina city.
One major urban planning event that impacted Harleston Village significantly
(and positively) was the filling of Bennett Mill Pond between 1880 and 19009. This
allowed for an extension of Rutledge and Ashley (Lynch) Avenues, which gave rise
to the creation of Cannon Park. Numerous new lots became available and
development occurred around the new public space including the famous Colonial
7 Poston, Jonathan H. The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecte. Columbia,
SC: U of South Carolina, 1997. Print.
8 "Charleston SC Free Blacks – A Demographic Overview." South Carolina SC.N.p.,n.d. Web.
24 Nov. 2014. <http://www.sciway.net/hist/chicora/freepersons.html>.
9 "CCPL - Charleston County Public Library - South, Carolina." CCPL - Charleston County
Public Library - South, Carolina.N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://ccpl.org/content.asp?id=15649&action=detail&catID=6026&parentID=5747>.
5. Lake, which has brought the city much positive attention. Also, the Harleston Green
Club, the first organized golf club in America played their first game in this area of
Harleston Village. Evolution of the village continued into the 20th century with the
filling of areas after World War II along the Ashley River. The College of Charleston
has had a major impact in the development of Harleston Village. The college has
expanded across the Glebe lands and into the eastern end of Harleston Village. Over
the years, The College of Charleston has restored numerous buildings across the
campus, closed streets such as College and Green Streets, and demolished buildings
along St. Philip and George Streets.
Since its creation in 1770, Harleston Village has gone through thousands of
redevelopment, preservation/restoration, and urban planning projects. Dating back
to May of 1961, all property west of coming street, through east side of Rutledge to
South side of Calhoun to broad, was available for commercial uses. According to a
flyer entitled “Selling Out” found in the Harleston Village vertical file at the
Charleston County Public Library, apparently the residents of Harleston Village did
not think this was a fantastic idea. “…the signatures of more than 200 property
owners who have requested the re-classification of this area from “B” to “A”
residential should be the first and most important consideration of the authorities.
Who knows more about the proper use of a building than the man who owns it?10”
This flyer is significant to understanding the city preservation initiatives because it
shows the expressed concern of development by the residents of this area and how
10 Postand Courier article fromMay 1961 found in the CCPL South Carolina History Room
vertical file.
6. an influx of commerce and industry would impact the “A” classification of the
residential neighborhood.
Also found in the Harleston Village Vertical File was a Post and Courier
article from May 14th, 2008 entitled “30 new Homes for Old City.” This article
discussed the proposal from Developer Warren Irving’s plans of the construction of
30 new homes on the old Lumber yard property by Alberta Long Lake ranging in
size from 2,500 to 4,000 square feet of heated area. “Irving has worked with Atlanta-
based Summerour & Associates Architects Inc. to design a project he feels is in
keeping with Harleston Village.” Irving’s plans received very much positive feedback
from the community and the Harleston Village Neighborhood Association.
A newer concern in the city stems from an ordinance amending the city's
zoning regulations to add a new section, Section 54-946 “Regulating Government-
Initiated Downzoning.” The ordinance would require the City of Charleston to “pay
property owners compensation in the amount of the reduction in fair market value
of real property caused by any future, new or amended zoning ordinances and land
use regulations, even if those values end up rising later.11”
Since 1931, the City has been managed through a planning and zoning
ordinance that included the nation's first historic preservation ordinance that
became a model for the nation. Over time, the zoning ordinance has changed as
Charleston has changed. The historic districts have expanded; new ideas such as
height ordinances have emerged; the locations of hotels are regulated; the hours of
11 "Preservation Society of Charleston South Carolina." Preservation Society of Charleston South
Carolina. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.preservationsociety.org/program_currentdetail.asp?icID=65>.
7. operation of certain businesses are restricted; the uses of properties are controlled
to ensure compatibility with adjacent properties and neighborhoods12. All
neighborhoods in the Historic District of Charleston all remain under the same law.
The Urban Design and Preservation division is responsible for administration of the
Board of Architectural Review (BAR) within Charleston’s historic districts and
Landmark Overlay properties. It investigates new proposed projects and violations
of the preservation ordinance within that purview. The division is also responsible
for the administration of the Design Review Board (DRB), which oversees the design
and alterations of properties outside the city’s historic districts. The Urban Design
and Preservation division assists and offers guidance for the community on matters
of historic preservation and urban design13.
The Architectural aspect of Harleston Village is relatively diverse.
Throughout the early 19th century, lots were divided from larger tracts and
dwellings, mostly of the single house plan, were constructed. In the 1840s and
1850s, Harleston Village experienced an Architectural boom with the construction
of many residences in Greek revival, Gothic, Italianate, antebellum/neoclassical and
Georgian styles based on side-hall, double parlor plans14. One of the few rows of
townhouses in Charleston, Bee’s Row, was constructed on Bull Street. Churches such
as the Grace Episcopal Church built on St. Michael’s portion of the Glebe lands, and
12 "Preservation Society of Charleston South Carolina." Preservation Society of Charleston South
Carolina. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.preservationsociety.org/program_currentdetail.asp?icID=65>.
13 "Welcome to an Engaged Community." Charleston, SC. N.p.,n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.charleston-sc.gov/index.aspx?nid=292>.
14 Poston, Jonathan H. The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecte. Columbia,
SC: U of South Carolina, 1997. Print.
8. the Old Bethel United Methodist Church marked the North and South boundaries of
the neighborhood. Postbellum industrialists, following the lead of William Ashmead
Courtenay, often lived in Harleston Village either retrofitting old homes with
Victorian details and materials or constructing new residences. There are a myriad
of significant buildings and dwellings in the Harleston Village neighborhood. Some
include the Old City Jail on Frankin Street, the Minister’s (bishop’s) House at 87-89
Wentworth St. (connected homes), the William Blacklock House at 18 Bull St., the
Isaac Jenkins Mikell House at 94 Rutledge, and the College of Charleston’s Randolph
Hall, all of which were built in a melting pot of different styles/cultures during a
wide range of generations and have greatly impacted this city and the world of
preservation.
9. Appendix
Maps:
Parks/ Landmarks:
Google Map of Harleston Village’s present
day boundaries
Halsey Map drawing of Harleston Village
including Harleston Land, Glebe land, free
school land, Wragg’s Pasture, and Mazyck
land
Colonial Lake built after the filling of
Bennett Mill Pond between Rutledge
and Ashley avenues
Cannon Park on Rutledge Avenue. Also the site of the
Charleston Museum, which mysteriously burned
down in October 1981
The Old City Jail at 21 Magazine St., which was
operational from1802 until 1939, housed
Charleston's most infamous criminals, and
then during the Civil War, Federal prisoners of
war.
10. Churches:
Important Buildings/ Dwellings:
Grace Episcopal Church at 98
Wentworth Street- Glebe Land
Old Bethel United Methodist
Church at 222 Calhoun
Street- North boundary of
Harleston Village.
Constructed in 1797 by the
congregation of the church
on Cumberland Street but
later moved to make way for
a new Bethel United
Methodist Church
Randolph Hall, built in 1828–29, is one of the
oldest college buildings still in use in the U.S.
Named for the 11th president of the College
(Harrison Randolph), Randolph Hall served as the
main academic building on campus for many
years. It was built in Greek Revival Style and has
been featured in a couple major motion pictures
and tv shows such as The Patriot, The Notebook,
Dear John, General Hospital, etc. due to its historic
look and beauty.
In 1881, a wealthy cotton merchant named
Francis Silas Rodgers set out to build an
elegant home in Charleston, S.C., worthy of
his family of 13 and he did just that. This
Second Empire Victorian style Mansion,
now called Wentworth Mansion, is now an
elegant Charleston Hotel and restaurant
for tourists to endure just what Rodgers
had in mind for a Charleston lifestyle.
After the old Bethel
United Methodist Church
was moved, this new
Bethel was constructed
in a simple temple form
Greek revival church
featuring 6 Doric
columns supporting a
pedimented portico
11. This set of elegant Italianate row houses,
called Bee’s Row is the only row of
townhouses in Harleston Village.
Located at 87-89 Wentworth St. is the
Minister’s (Bishop’s) House, which is actually
two connected homes constructed at the same
time and is one of a few pre-1775 dwellings
left in Harleston Village.
The Isaac Jenkins Mikell House is a massive Greek revival
residence in the style of grand Italian villa that was built in 1853-
1854 at 94 Rutledge Avenue by Edisto Island cotton planter Isaac
Jenkins Mikell for his third wife, Mary Martha Pope. It is now
home to the stars of Bravo TV’s SouthernCharm.
Named After William Blacklock and
located at 18 Bull St., this mansion was
built in 1800, and is one of the United
States' most important
Federal/Adamesque houses. The house is
two stories of brick on a high brick
basement. The facade features a large
lunette in the pediment, openings in blind
arches, delicate tracery, and a double flight
of iron-railed steps.