The Haida people lived along the Pacific coast of North America. They built wooden plank houses that could shelter multiple families. Roofs were secured with rocks and had a central smoke hole. Food sources included salmon, seals, seafood and seasonal berries prepared by boiling or smoking. Clothing incorporated cedar bark, deer skins and goat hair. Transportation was mainly by foot or canoe carved from cedar logs. Haida society had a social hierarchy and titles passed through the maternal line.

1. Haida Please copy down the following notes.

2. The Pacific Coast - Environment Mild winters Frequent rain Large Red Cedar trees grow here Ocean is good source of food Ocean made transportation easy

3. Shelter For shelter, copy text neatly. Below the text, draw a rectangular box with a pencil and ruler approx. 10 cm wide and 8 cm high. In this box, using a pencil and ruler, sketch the diagram shown here.

4. Shelter Built with solid wood planks (tree were plentiful) Several families lived in each house Entrance was built small – forced person entering to stoop. This helped defend the house. Dirt floor of the Haida house was dug out in levels.

5. Shelters

6. Shelters Roof planks were held in place by rocks so that they would not be blown away by gusts of wind. A central smoke hole was constructed in the roof above the fireplace . Different Methods for Splitting Wooden Planks

7. Food Salmon, seals, seaweed, shellfish, whales and seasonal berries foods were prepared by boiling or steaming To cook: hole dug, hot stones put in, then fish wrapped in leaves, hot stones put on top, then covered with earth smoked or dried for the winter

8. Clothing Hats to protect from rain, wind & sun Warm weather clothing was woven from soft inner bark of the cedar tree or goat hair Cold weather clothing made of deer skin Blankets made of goat hair

9. Weapons: Fishing Fish were caught using nets, spears, rakes (big forks), basket traps, harpoons, weirs and stone traps. Weirs were fences stretched across a river. Fish got caught in them and then they were speared by the Indians. Stone traps were built across streams so that the fish got caught in them at a low tide.

10. Travel (Transportation) The Haida only had two ways to travel - by foot or by canoe. Canoes were built out of huge cedar trees. The branches were removed and the tree was hollowed out.

11. Haida Customs Nobles had the right to hunt. Commoners could hunt, but only at a price. Slaves had no rights. The Haida kept slaves that they captured in raids and tribal warfare. Titles and wealth among the Haida were passed on through the mother's side of the family. Animals were classified as more intelligent than humans and with the ability to transform themselves into human form. Animals were thought to live on land, in the sea, and in the sky in a social order that mirrored that of the Haida.