1. How are the masks used in Hahoe Mask Dance?<br />Name: Yeon Woong Kim<br />Grade: 10T<br />Subject: MYP Theatre Arts<br />Teacher: Ms. Rankin<br />Word count: 834<br />Table of contents <br />Introduction ………………………………………………………………................................ 3<br />About Hahoe Mask Dance …………………………………………….…………….... 3 ~ 4<br />Constructor of Hahoe Masks ……………………………….…………………….…... 4 ~5<br />Different types of masks that are used in Hahoe Mask Dance ....... 5 ~ 10<br />Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………….…. 10 ~ 11<br />Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………….………. 11 ~ 14<br />Introduction<br />In this essay, I am going to examine how the masks are used in Hahoe Mask Dance. To investigate this topic, I will discover what types of masks Hahoe dance used. Then I will explore some aspects of Hahoe Mask Dance. In addition, it will examine who constructs the masks in Hahoe Mask Dance. Finally the report will explore what each Hahoe masks represent. Therefore this research will explain how masks are used in Hahoe Mask Dance.<br />-180975367665About Hahoe Mask Dance<br />Picture 1: An-Dong Hahoe Mask Dance mascot (jibul.com, 2010)Hahoe Mask Dance is highly valued Korean traditional drama performance and it is an important intangible cultural heritage in Korea “Hahoe mask is our precious cultural inheritance which has been solely appointed as a national treasure among other masks in our country, and is evaluated as a world-wide masterpiece in the mask art division (Maskmuseum.com, 2010)”. It was performed since 12th century by lower classes in Hahoe-maeul, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbukdo (Koreaaward.com, 2010) and also performed periodically (every five years or ten years) for the sake of town’s peace and bumper year (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Thus, it has been brought to nowadays and it is now one of the famous drama performances (see picture 1) not only for the tourists but for Koreans (jibul.com, 2010).<br />Furthermore, the general content (story) of the Hahoe Mask Dance was depicted in the Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, the booklet “… Through Hahoe Mask Dance, low classes could be able to express their suppressed feelings without any hesitation and also it was allowed for them to satirize life of aristocrat during the performance … (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005)”. Hahoe Mask Dance has attributed a lot for developing the quality of Korean traditional Drama performance (accu.or.jp, 2010).<br />Constructor of Hahoe Mask<br />In the early 12th century, there was a scholar called Heo doryong (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance). The tale of Hahoe mask is “A young man called Heo doryong lived in Hahoe village in the middle of the Korea dynasty (12th century). He had a revelation in his dream one day. The following morning he devoted himself to making masks and he performed his ablutions and spread forbidden strings to prohibit strangers from entering his house (maskmuseum.com, 2010)”. However, “a young girl, who was ardently in love with Huh doryong but could not meet him at that period, desired to know what he was doing (maskmuseum.com, 2010).” So she peeped through the hole to see what he was doing, and then Heo doryong died by vomiting the blood (maskmuseum.com, 2010). <br />There were fourteen masks that were constructed by Heo doryong, however, three of them were loosen (Chonggak T’al, Byulchae T’al, and Duckdalee T’al) and only ten of them were set for national treasure (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). In addition the final product, which was unfinished, Imae T’al, doesn’t have jaw because constructor Heo doryong died before he finished it (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). <br />Different types of masks that are used in Hahoe Mask Dance<br />Hahoe Mask Dance used variety of masks. The masks that are used in Hahoe Mask Dance are Yangban T’al, Pune T’al, Sonbi T’al, Kakshi T’al, Chyji T’al, Peakchong T'al, Halmi T'al, Chung T'al, Ch'oraengi T'al, and Imae T'al (T’al means mask in Korean) (Kim, 2005). All of the mask that have mentioned above were made of woods (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Thus, the vivid expressions and making techniques of Hahoe masks are considered as world’s masterpieces (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005).<br />Picture 2: Yangban T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)4991100635The mask called Yangban T'al, which is an Aristocrat Mask, describes people what dignity really is and it lures people with impressive smile (Kim, 2005). According to chairman of Hahoe Mask Dance committee, Kim mentioned “Yangban T'al has a long, black heard to show dignity, and an expressive smile that reveals both generosity and smugness… This mask is believed to represent the highest artistic value of the Hahoe mask (Kim, 2005)”. This is demonstrated by picture 2, which shows the facial structure. Yangban T’al is an important mask in Hahoe Mask Dance.<br />Picture 3: Pune T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)-133350253365In addition Pune T’al, which also known as flirtatious young woman mask, represents female character in Hahoe Mask Dance “She plays the role of a professional entertainer or the concubine of an aristocrat (Ibid, 2005).” This mask is known for tempting the audience with its beauty “… The smiling face is very seductive and flirtations… (Ibid, 2005).” This was shown from picture 3, which expresses bashful smile. It can be considered as the most attractive mask in Hahoe Mask Dance (Ibid, 2005).<br />5086350300355<br />Picture 4: Sonbi T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)The mask named Sonbi T’al, which is known as Scholar mask, shows that “it has wide nostrils and well-developed cheek bones to show that he is a scholar, full of discontent and unable to adjust to society (Ibid, 2005).” Blackish face color, an inflamed eye, peaked eyes and separated jaw is well represented in Sonbi T’al as it is shown in picture 4 (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). The reason he is in full of discontent is because he was not holding a government position, which means he was one of the low classes “A Sonbi was a scholar who did not hold a government position, so spent his time studying the Chinese classics or writing poetry (Kim, 2005)”. Sonbi mask is the perfect mask to express poor scholar’s thoughts in 12th century. <br />Picture 5: Kakshi T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)-11430043815In addition, Kakshi T’al, which is known as ‘Bride mask’, “it has very small eyes to show her shyness and a tiny mouth indication that she does not often speak. She plays the role of the local goddess in the first act and the bride in the last (Ibid, 2005)”. The picture 5, which is the facial expressions of Kakshi T’al, conveys lonesome feeling because she and scholar Heo was separated (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama). Kakshi T’al is best example of showing the agony of a girl, which is hopeless love with scholar Heo. <br />Picture 6: Chyji T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)4800600157480The only mask, which looks like animal in the Hahoe Mask Dance is Chyji T’al and it is also known as ‘Lion mask’ (see picture 6) (Kim, 2005). Website, hahoemask.co.kr, depicted Chyji T’al as “Chyji T’al is a highly imaginative creature, bearing a fin-like wing and billed mouth. The fantastic visage comes purely from the minds of Koreans of the day, who wished to depict a lion (the supreme creature in Buddhism), without ever having seen one (Kim, 2005)”. According to Hahoe Mask Dance Drama booklet, Chyji T’al is recognized as holy and scary imagination animal (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Therefore, Chyji T’al is considered as simplified version, which imitates the shape of a lion (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). To sum up, Chyji T’al is unique mask that has a shape of lion.<br />-266700434340Picture 7: Peakchong T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)In Hahoe Mask Dance, Peakchong T'al (also known as Butcher mask) expresses the agony of life vividly (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). “Peakchong T’al This particular mask is very unique because “Depending on how it is seen, the face either appears to be grinning (mad with the pleasure of killing living creatures) or cruel and sinister (the butcher's true nature) (Kim, 2005).” Furthermore, cynical simile on the mask (see picture 7) makes image of Peakchong T’al more intimidating (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Peakchong T’al is one of the masks that looks ugly but friendly to the audience (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005).<br />473392523495Picture 8: Halmi T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)Halmi T'al is representing old widow, who lived poor for her entire life (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Halmi T’al was depicted “ Halmi T’al has a tiny, wizened brown face to show the hard life she has led. It has a pathetic expression. The open mouth is always ready to take in food and pour out lamentations (Kim, 2005)”. The picture 8 shows the facial expressions, which are blackish color, big eyes, and wrinkled forehead (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Halmi T’al truly expresses a life of distress of old widow in 12th century. <br />Picture 9: Chung T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)-104775481965Chung T'al is a perfect mask that expresses people’s cunning and wiling mind (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). It is also known as ‘Depraved Buddhist Monk mask’ (Kim, 2005). Hahoemask.co.kr once described Chung T’al as “Chung T'al has a greasy, grinning face to show his dissimulating behavior. The crescent-shaped eyes reveal that he is a lecher. He is not a monk … but a depraved man who wanders begging from village to village (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005).” In addition, Hahoe Mask Dance Drama booklet mentioned the grinning face was unique and remarkable even though it has depicted people’s wiling and cunning mind (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Chung T’al is a mask that the audience could easily feel friendly because of his cunningness and willingness (Kim, 2005). <br />4886325400050Picture 10: Ch’oraengi T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)Another mask that was used in Hahoe Mask Dance is Ch'oraengi T'al. It is also called ‘Busybody mask’ because ‘Ch’oraengi’, in Korean, means busy (Ibid, 2005). The facial feature of this mask (see picture 10) was shown as “Ch'oraengi T'al has a tiny, lopsided, brown face with buck teeth that reveal his discontent. His projected forehead means that he does not agree with his master, and his short nose shows that he is impulsive (Ibid, 2005).” Thus, in the play, it can make sharp criticisms towards to aristocrat (Yangban) and scholar (Sonbi) (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Ch’oraengi T’al is very wise that can make criticism easily (Kim, 2005). <br />Picture 11: Imae T’al (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005)-57150476885Finally, the mask called Imae T’al (also known as Fool mask) has very sad story because Heo doryong died before he even finishes his last product (maskmuseum.com, 2010). Therefore Imae T’al doesn’t have jaw, however, this sad situation makes Imae T’al unique (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005). Website hahoemask.co.kr describes Imae T’al as “Imae T'al has a happy-go-lucky face, which instantly shows that he is a simple-minded fool. The crooked nose reveals that he is deformed and the down-slanted eyes show that he is free from malice. Thus this is the only mask without a chin. (hahoemask.co.kr, 2005).” The role that he plays in the Hahoe Mask Dance is “He plays Sonbi's (scholar) foolish servant (Booklet: Hahoe Mask Dance Drama, 2005).” Even though Imae T’al has sad history, it is considered as very distinctive mask among the Hahoe masks (Kim, 2005).<br />Conclusion<br />In conclusion, Hahoe Mask Dance has very interesting masks, which convey the Korean culture as well as her history towards audience. In addition, this research explored many different masks and also investigated the constructor of the Hahoe Mask with the interesting story.<br />Bibliography<br />Book:<br />Unknown. Hahoe Mask Dance Drama. An-Dong: Hahoe Pyulshingut Mask Dance Committee, 2005. Print.<br />-> This book contains general information of Hahoe Mask Dance. It was very reliable because it was written by Hahoe Mask Dance Drama committee. Thus, it was hard to find a book which has information of Hahoe Mask Dance because even though it is popular, it was not popular as Japanese Kabuki. However, I have found this one at home, which contains rare and good information of Hahoe Mask Dance. This source was used for the story of Heo doryong (constructor) and analyzing different types of mask that are used in Hahoe Mask Dance.<br />Websites:<br />Kim, Dong Phyo. quot;
안동하회마을 하회동탈박물관 홈페이지 방문을 환영합니다.quot;
탈 박물관. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2010. <http://www.maskmuseum.com/>.<br />-> This website contains the general history of Hahoe Mask Dance. In addition, it was pretty much reliable because it was a site from Korean government (tourist part). When I first find this website I was pretty excited because it has all the information that I needed for writing up my research. However despite of having all the information, the disadvantage of this particular site was it has small amount of information, which means it contains abundant information but they were bit shallow.<br />Kim, Choon Taek. quot;
Hahoe Mask Dance Drama.quot;
Hahoe Mask Dance Drama. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2010. <http://www.hahoemask.co.kr/>.<br />-> This website contains the information that I needed, for instance, who made the Hahoe mask and the basic history of Korea in 12th century. The information from this website was not shallow unlike the one above. This website was reliable because, similar to the website above, it is running by Hahoe Mask Dance Drama committee. I used this website for the information of different types of Hahoe mask and also almost all of the pictures that were used in this research are from this website.<br />quot;
Asia-Pacific Database on Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH).quot;
Hahoe Byolshin-Gut Talnori. ACCU, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2010. <http://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/arts/A_KOR5.html>.<br />-> This website shows the general information about Hahoe Mask Dance. It told me that Hahoe Mask Dance has been set for national treasure. It was reliable because the editor of this website is related to UNESCO. I used this website for the information of when and how Hahoe Mask Dance was set for UNESCO and some detail information of the origin of Hahoe Mask Dance.<br />quot;
Image of Korea - Masks and Mask Dance.quot;
Image of Korea - Masks and Mask Dance. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2010. <www.koreaaward.com/kor/309>.<br />-> This website provided me the general information about Korean Mask Dance. Therefore I was able to see and experience more Korean masks, how they were used, and different types of Korean Mask Dance. It was not reliable because it contains some commercial information. When the information is for commercial use, mostly it provides biased information. So I couldn’t consider this as reliable resource. <br />ESUNIN 인성교육. Web. 2 Feb. 2010. <http://jinbul.com/esunin/bbs/board.php?bo_table=ehuman_02&wr_id=17>.<br />-> This website contains the storyline of Hahoe Mask Dance. Even though I barely mentioned on the storyline, however, through this website I could find a picture that I was looking for. I consider this website as reliable source because the storyline of Hahoe Mask Dance was exactly the same as the government one. I used this for photo resource.<br />Video:<br />Hahoe Mask Dance Performers. Hahoe Mask Dance excerpts. Rwcox123, 2008. Hahoe Mask Dance excerpts. YouTube. 3 Feb. 2010 <http://www.youtubecn.com/watch?v=IUVYPDTya1o>.<br />-> This was the only video that I used for my research. It was from ‘Youtubecn.com’ and it contained some Hahoe Mask Dance. The reason I choose this web video is because all the masks were clearly visualized and it separated the part of the dance. So I got inspiration from some of the dances in the video. I think this source was reliable because this video was taken in Hahoe-maeul(town) during the performance. <br />